| … | |
… | |
| 16 | John P. Davis</mail> |
16 | John P. Davis</mail> |
| 17 | </author> |
17 | </author> |
| 18 | <author title="Editor"><mail link="swift@gentoo.org"> |
18 | <author title="Editor"><mail link="swift@gentoo.org"> |
| 19 | Sven Vermeulen</mail> |
19 | Sven Vermeulen</mail> |
| 20 | </author> |
20 | </author> |
|
|
21 | <author title="Editor"><mail link="bennyc@gentoo.org"> |
|
|
22 | Benny Chuang</mail> |
|
|
23 | </author> |
|
|
24 | <author title="Editor"><mail link="blubber@gentoo.org"> |
|
|
25 | Tiemo Kieft</mail> |
|
|
26 | </author> |
| 21 | |
27 | |
| 22 | <license/> |
28 | <license/> |
| 23 | |
29 | |
| 24 | <abstract> |
30 | <abstract> |
| 25 | This guide will show you how to set up the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) on Gentoo Linux. |
31 | This guide will show you how to set up the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) on Gentoo Linux. |
| 26 | In addition to the Gentoo Linux Desktop Configuration Guide, this guide is supposed to give you more information on this subject. </abstract> |
32 | In addition to the Gentoo Linux Desktop Configuration Guide, this guide is supposed to give you more information on this subject. </abstract> |
| 27 | |
33 | |
| 28 | <version>1.2</version> |
34 | <version>1.3.3</version> |
| 29 | <date>5 June 2003</date> |
35 | <date>October 9, 2003</date> |
| 30 | |
36 | |
| 31 | <chapter> |
37 | <chapter> |
| 32 | <title>Introduction</title> |
38 | <title>Introduction</title> |
| 33 | <section> |
39 | <section> |
| 34 | <title>What is ALSA?</title> |
40 | <title>What is ALSA?</title> |
| … | |
… | |
| 87 | </chapter> |
93 | </chapter> |
| 88 | |
94 | |
| 89 | <chapter> |
95 | <chapter> |
| 90 | <title>Installation</title> |
96 | <title>Installation</title> |
| 91 | <section> |
97 | <section> |
|
|
98 | <title>Gentoo USE flags</title> |
|
|
99 | <body> |
|
|
100 | |
|
|
101 | <p> |
|
|
102 | To compile programs with ALSA-support, be sure to add <e>alsa</e> to |
|
|
103 | your USE-variable. However, several tools don't support alsa yet, and |
|
|
104 | require OSS. ALSA provides OSS-emulation if you define <e>oss</e> in your |
|
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105 | USE-variable before you start. |
|
|
106 | </p> |
|
|
107 | |
|
|
108 | </body> |
|
|
109 | </section> |
|
|
110 | |
|
|
111 | <section> |
| 92 | <title>Kernel modules</title> |
112 | <title>Kernel modules</title> |
| 93 | <body> |
113 | <body> |
| 94 | <p> |
114 | <p> |
| 95 | Since we're still using 2.4.x kernel sources, we'll have to compile kernel modules and ALSA modules separately. People who are using a 2.5.x kernel can do this from within their kernel configuration, since the ALSA modules are included in the kernel sources and should be built there. |
115 | Since we're still using 2.4.x kernel sources, we'll have to compile kernel modules and ALSA modules separately. People who are using a 2.5.x kernel can do this from within their kernel configuration, since the ALSA modules are included in the kernel sources and should be built there. |
| 96 | </p> |
116 | </p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 107 | </p> |
127 | </p> |
| 108 | <p>If you already have a working kernel configuration, make sure you remove all sound drivers (except for Sound Card Support). |
128 | <p>If you already have a working kernel configuration, make sure you remove all sound drivers (except for Sound Card Support). |
| 109 | If you wish to do this without having to reboot, you could do like this: |
129 | If you wish to do this without having to reboot, you could do like this: |
| 110 | </p> |
130 | </p> |
| 111 | <pre> |
131 | <pre> |
| 112 | # <c>cd /usr/src/linux</c> |
132 | # <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i> |
| 113 | # <c>cp .config ~/</c> |
133 | # <i>cp .config ~/</i> |
| 114 | # <c>make mrproper</c> |
134 | # <i>make mrproper</i> |
| 115 | # <c>cp ~/.config .</c> |
135 | # <i>cp ~/.config .</i> |
| 116 | # <c>make menuconfig</c> |
136 | # <i>make menuconfig</i> |
| 117 | </pre> |
137 | </pre> |
| 118 | <p> |
138 | <p> |
| 119 | Now select <e>Sound Card Support</e> as Module (M) and deselect all other sound drivers. |
139 | Now select <e>Sound Card Support</e> as Module (M) and deselect all other sound drivers. |
| 120 | Exit and say Y to save your kernel configuration. |
140 | Exit and say Y to save your kernel configuration. |
| 121 | After that, build the modules: |
141 | After that, build the modules: |
| 122 | </p> |
142 | </p> |
| 123 | <pre> |
143 | <pre> |
| 124 | # <c>make dep clean</c> |
144 | # <i>make dep clean</i> |
| 125 | # <c>make modules modules_install</c> |
145 | # <i>make modules modules_install</i> |
| 126 | </pre> |
146 | </pre> |
| 127 | <p> |
147 | <p> |
| 128 | Before installing your new modules, this last line will delete all your previous modules, |
148 | Before installing your new modules, this last line will delete all your previous modules, |
| 129 | even the ones from a previous ALSA installation. |
149 | even the ones from a previous ALSA installation. |
| 130 | </p> |
150 | </p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 145 | <title>ALSA modules</title> |
165 | <title>ALSA modules</title> |
| 146 | <body> |
166 | <body> |
| 147 | |
167 | |
| 148 | <p> |
168 | <p> |
| 149 | Now it's time to install the ALSA drivers for your soundcard(s). If your soundcard is PCI, you can find out the name |
169 | Now it's time to install the ALSA drivers for your soundcard(s). If your soundcard is PCI, you can find out the name |
| 150 | and type of your soundcard by looking at the output of /proc/pci |
170 | and type of your soundcard by looking at the output of /proc/pci. |
| 151 | <pre># <c>grep audio /proc/pci</c></pre> |
171 | </p> |
|
|
172 | <pre> |
|
|
173 | # <i>grep audio /proc/pci</i> |
| 152 | </p> |
174 | </pre> |
|
|
175 | |
| 153 | |
176 | |
| 154 | <p> |
177 | <p> |
| 155 | <warn> |
178 | <warn> |
| 156 | If you had a previous sound setup and there are still non-ALSA sound modules loaded, unload them <e>now</e>. |
179 | If you had a previous sound setup and there are still non-ALSA sound modules loaded, unload them <e>now</e>. |
| 157 | Check with <c>lsmod</c> and use <c>rmmod</c> to unload all sound-related modules on your system. |
180 | Check with <c>lsmod</c> and use <c>rmmod</c> to unload all sound-related modules on your system. |
| … | |
… | |
| 166 | <uri link="http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc">ALSA Soundcard Matrix</uri> by following the <e>Details</e> link in the <e>Driver and Docs</e> column in the row of the chipset of your soundcard. |
189 | <uri link="http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc">ALSA Soundcard Matrix</uri> by following the <e>Details</e> link in the <e>Driver and Docs</e> column in the row of the chipset of your soundcard. |
| 167 | Mine is <c>snd-emu10k1</c>, since I have an SBlive! soundcard, with the <e>EMU10K1</e> chipset. |
190 | Mine is <c>snd-emu10k1</c>, since I have an SBlive! soundcard, with the <e>EMU10K1</e> chipset. |
| 168 | We'll set ALSA_CARDS environment to the value of the module name before emerging (but without the snd prefix), so emerge will only compile the drivers we need. |
191 | We'll set ALSA_CARDS environment to the value of the module name before emerging (but without the snd prefix), so emerge will only compile the drivers we need. |
| 169 | </p> |
192 | </p> |
| 170 | |
193 | |
| 171 | <p> |
194 | <pre> |
| 172 | <pre> |
|
|
| 173 | # <c>env ALSA_CARDS='emu10k1' emerge alsa-driver</c> |
195 | # <i>env ALSA_CARDS='emu10k1' emerge alsa-driver</i> |
| 174 | </pre> |
|
|
| 175 | </p> |
196 | </pre> |
| 176 | <p> |
|
|
| 177 | <note> |
197 | <note> |
| 178 | You can also add this value in <path>/etc/make.conf</path>, so when you have to emerge the alsa-driver later on you can just run <c>emerge alsa-driver</c>. |
198 | You can also add this value in <path>/etc/make.conf</path>, so when you have to emerge the alsa-driver later on you can just run <c>emerge alsa-driver</c>. |
| 179 | For example, like this: <c>echo 'ALSA_CARDS="emu10k1"' >> /etc/make.conf</c> |
199 | For example, like this: <c>echo 'ALSA_CARDS="emu10k1"' >> /etc/make.conf</c> |
| 180 | </note> |
200 | </note> |
| 181 | |
201 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 185 | </note> |
205 | </note> |
| 186 | |
206 | |
| 187 | <note>If you want to have OSS compatibility, make sure to emerge <i>alsa-oss</i>, it is the ALSA/OSS compatibility |
207 | <note>If you want to have OSS compatibility, make sure to emerge <i>alsa-oss</i>, it is the ALSA/OSS compatibility |
| 188 | wrapper. </note> |
208 | wrapper. </note> |
| 189 | |
209 | |
| 190 | </p> |
210 | <note>If you plan on recompiling your kernels numerous times, it might |
|
|
211 | be adviseable to emerge <c>alsa-driver</c> with <c>--buildpkg</c>. This |
|
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212 | will create a binary package for it. Later, after recompiling your kernel, |
|
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213 | you can just do <c>emerge --usepkg alsa-driver</c> which will install the |
|
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214 | binary package instead of recompiling it completely.</note> |
|
|
215 | |
| 191 | <p> |
216 | <p> |
| 192 | After this, the ALSA modules should be installed on your system. |
217 | After this, the ALSA modules should be installed on your system. |
| 193 | </p> |
218 | </p> |
| 194 | </body> |
219 | </body> |
| 195 | </section> |
220 | </section> |
| … | |
… | |
| 217 | </warn> |
242 | </warn> |
| 218 | <p> |
243 | <p> |
| 219 | Check the ALSA portion <e>at the bottom of the file</e>. |
244 | Check the ALSA portion <e>at the bottom of the file</e>. |
| 220 | By tweaking this line you can specify the max number of soundcards you have (generally, just one). |
245 | By tweaking this line you can specify the max number of soundcards you have (generally, just one). |
| 221 | </p> |
246 | </p> |
| 222 | <p> |
|
|
| 223 | <pre caption="At the bottom of /etc/modules.d/alsa"> |
247 | <pre caption="At the bottom of /etc/modules.d/alsa"> |
| 224 | # Set this to the correct number of cards. |
248 | <comment>Set this to the correct number of cards.</comment> |
| 225 | <c>options snd cards_limit=1</c> |
249 | options snd cards_limit=1 |
| 226 | </pre> |
|
|
| 227 | </p> |
250 | </pre> |
| 228 | <p> |
251 | <p> |
| 229 | Now we'll specify the sounddriver(s) ALSA should use. In the same file, edit like this: |
252 | Now we'll specify the sounddriver(s) ALSA should use. In the same file, edit like this: |
|
|
253 | </p> |
| 230 | <pre caption="In /etc/modules.d/alsa"> |
254 | <pre caption="In /etc/modules.d/alsa"> |
| 231 | ## and then run `update-modules' command. |
255 | ## and then run `modules-update' command. |
| 232 | ## Read alsa-driver's INSTALL file in /usr/share/doc for more info. |
256 | ## Read alsa-driver's INSTALL file in /usr/share/doc for more info. |
| 233 | ## |
257 | ## |
| 234 | ## ALSA portion |
258 | ## ALSA portion |
| 235 | <c>alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1</c> |
259 | alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1 |
| 236 | <c>## If you have more than one, add: |
260 | <comment>## If you have more than one, add:</comment> |
| 237 | ## alias snd-card-1 snd-intel8x0 |
261 | ## alias snd-card-1 snd-intel8x0 |
| 238 | ## alias snd-card-2 snd-ens1370</c> |
262 | ## alias snd-card-2 snd-ens1370 |
| 239 | ## OSS/Free portion |
263 | ## OSS/Free portion |
| 240 | ## alias sound-slot-0 snd-card-0 |
264 | ## alias sound-slot-0 snd-card-0 |
| 241 | ## alias sound-slot-1 snd-card-1 |
265 | ## alias sound-slot-1 snd-card-1 |
| 242 | ## |
266 | ## |
| 243 | </pre> |
267 | </pre> |
| 244 | </p> |
|
|
| 245 | <p> |
|
|
| 246 | <note> |
268 | <note> |
| 247 | If you have more than one soundcard, adjust the <c>cards_limit</c> value and add more snd-card aliases to the file. |
269 | If you have more than one soundcard, adjust the <c>cards_limit</c> value and add more snd-card aliases to the file. |
| 248 | I don't have experience with this, but you can find examples for configurations with two or more soundcards in |
270 | I don't have experience with this, but you can find examples for configurations with two or more soundcards in |
| 249 | <uri link="http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-howto/c1660.htm">Chapter 6</uri> |
271 | <uri link="http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-howto/c1660.htm">Chapter 6</uri> |
| 250 | of the <uri link="http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-howto/alsa-howto.html">ALSA Howto</uri>. |
272 | of the <uri link="http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-howto/alsa-howto.html">ALSA Howto</uri>. |
| 251 | </note> |
273 | </note> |
| 252 | </p> |
|
|
| 253 | <p> |
274 | <p> |
| 254 | Last thing to do in this file, almost at the end, check if these lines are there and uncommented: |
275 | Last thing to do in this file, almost at the end, check if these lines are there and uncommented: |
|
|
276 | </p> |
| 255 | <pre caption="Near the end of /etc/modules.d/alsa"> |
277 | <pre caption="Near the end of /etc/modules.d/alsa"> |
| 256 | alias /dev/mixer snd-mixer-oss |
278 | alias /dev/mixer snd-mixer-oss |
| 257 | alias /dev/dsp snd-pcm-oss |
279 | alias /dev/dsp snd-pcm-oss |
| 258 | alias /dev/midi snd-seq-oss |
280 | alias /dev/midi snd-seq-oss |
| 259 | </pre> |
281 | </pre> |
| 260 | </p> |
282 | <p> |
| 261 | <p> |
|
|
| 262 | Now double-check the file <path>/etc/modules.d/alsa</path> and when you're sure everyting is ok, run <c>update-modules</c>. |
283 | Now double-check the file <path>/etc/modules.d/alsa</path> and when you're sure everyting is ok, run <c>modules-update</c>. |
| 263 | <pre> |
|
|
| 264 | # <c>update-modules</c> |
|
|
| 265 | </pre> |
284 | <pre> |
|
|
285 | # <i>modules-update</i> |
| 266 | </p> |
286 | </pre> |
|
|
287 | </p> |
| 267 | <note> |
288 | <note> |
| 268 | Running <c>update-modules</c> here will insert the data from <path>/etc/modules.d/alsa</path> into <path>/etc/modules.conf</path> |
289 | Running <c>modules-update</c> here will insert the data from <path>/etc/modules.d/alsa</path> into <path>/etc/modules.conf</path> |
| 269 | </note> |
290 | </note> |
| 270 | <p> |
291 | <p> |
| 271 | You should also verify that /etc/devfsd.conf has the alsa devices and permissions correctly registered. |
292 | You should also verify that /etc/devfsd.conf has the alsa devices and permissions correctly registered. |
| 272 | </p> |
293 | </p> |
| 273 | <pre caption="/etc/devfsd.conf"> |
294 | <pre caption="/etc/devfsd.conf"> |
| … | |
… | |
| 293 | <title>Adding alsasound to a runlevel</title> |
314 | <title>Adding alsasound to a runlevel</title> |
| 294 | <body> |
315 | <body> |
| 295 | <p> |
316 | <p> |
| 296 | First thing to do now, is to make ALSA startup at boottime. Like this: |
317 | First thing to do now, is to make ALSA startup at boottime. Like this: |
| 297 | <pre> |
318 | <pre> |
| 298 | # <c>rc-update add alsasound boot</c> |
319 | # <i>rc-update add alsasound boot</i> |
| 299 | </pre> |
320 | </pre> |
| 300 | </p> |
321 | </p> |
| 301 | <p> |
322 | <p> |
| 302 | <warn>Note that the alsasound script should be added to the "boot" runlevel, not the "default" runlevel.</warn> |
323 | <warn>Note that the alsasound script should be added to the "boot" runlevel, not the "default" runlevel.</warn> |
| 303 | </p> |
324 | </p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 308 | <body> |
329 | <body> |
| 309 | <p> |
330 | <p> |
| 310 | Since we're Linux users, we don't want to reboot. So we'll start the alsasound script manually. |
331 | Since we're Linux users, we don't want to reboot. So we'll start the alsasound script manually. |
| 311 | </p> |
332 | </p> |
| 312 | <pre> |
333 | <pre> |
| 313 | # <c>/etc/init.d/alsasound start</c> |
334 | # <i>/etc/init.d/alsasound start</i> |
| 314 | </pre> |
335 | </pre> |
| 315 | <p> |
336 | <p> |
| 316 | ALSA is running now. If everything is ok, you should be able to see the ALSA modules loaded when running <c>lsmod</c>. |
337 | ALSA is running now. If everything is ok, you should be able to see the ALSA modules loaded when running <c>lsmod</c>. |
| 317 | However, sound won't work yet, because the channels are still muted. We need <c>amixer</c> for this. |
338 | However, sound won't work yet, because the channels are still muted. We need <c>amixer</c> for this. |
| 318 | </p> |
339 | </p> |
| 319 | <pre caption = "Running amixer"> |
340 | <pre caption = "Running amixer"> |
| 320 | # <i>amixer</i> |
341 | # <i>amixer</i> |
| 321 | </pre> |
342 | </pre> |
| 322 | <p> |
343 | <p> |
| 323 | <warn> |
344 | <warn> |
| 324 | You shouldn't get this, but <e>if</e> you get an error about "amixer: Mixer attach default error: No such file or directory", you should manually insmod |
345 | You shouldn't get this, but <e>if</e> you get an error about "amixer: Mixer attach default error: No such file or directory", you should manually modprobe |
| 325 | <c>snd-mixer-oss</c> and <c>snd-pcm-oss</c> once. After that run amixer again. |
346 | <c>snd-mixer-oss</c> and <c>snd-pcm-oss</c> once. After that run amixer again. |
| 326 | </warn> |
347 | </warn> |
| 327 | </p> |
348 | </p> |
| 328 | <pre caption="only if you get an error when running amixer"> |
349 | <pre caption="only if you get an error when running amixer"> |
| 329 | # <c>insmod snd-mixer-oss</c> |
350 | # <i>modprobe snd-mixer-oss</i> |
| 330 | # <c>insmod snd-pcm-oss</c> |
351 | # <i>modprobe snd-pcm-oss</i> |
| 331 | # <c>amixer</c> |
352 | # <i>amixer</i> |
| 332 | </pre> |
|
|
| 333 | <p> |
|
|
| 334 | If you got this far, now unmute both Master and PCM channels. |
|
|
| 335 | </p> |
|
|
| 336 | <p> |
|
|
| 337 | <pre> |
353 | </pre> |
|
|
354 | <p> |
|
|
355 | If you got this far, now unmute Master and PCM channels. Some hardware |
|
|
356 | even requires you to unmute the center channel or even the surround |
|
|
357 | channel. |
|
|
358 | </p> |
|
|
359 | <p> |
|
|
360 | <pre caption = "Unmuting channels"> |
| 338 | # <c>amixer set Master 100 unmute</c> |
361 | # <i>amixer set Master 100 unmute</i> |
| 339 | # <c>amixer set PCM 100 unmute</c> |
362 | # <i>amixer set PCM 100 unmute</i> |
|
|
363 | <comment>Only if the above doesn't succeed on its own:</comment> |
|
|
364 | # <i>amixer set Center 100 unmute</i> |
|
|
365 | # <i>amixer set Surround 100 unmute</i> |
|
|
366 | <comment>Test the sound:</comment> |
| 340 | # <c>aplay $KDEDIR/share/sounds/pop.wav</c> <codenote>(pop.wav is part of KDE)</codenote> |
367 | # <i>aplay $KDEDIR/share/sounds/pop.wav</i> <codenote>(pop.wav is part of KDE)</codenote> |
| 341 | </pre> |
368 | </pre> |
| 342 | </p> |
369 | </p> |
| 343 | We check to see if sound is working by using the aplay (alsa play) command. If you hear a pop, then sound is indeed working. |
370 | We check to see if sound is working by using the aplay (alsa play) command. If you hear a pop, then sound is indeed working. |
| 344 | Then, adjust the volume settings to your liking; the ncurses-based <c>alsamixer</c> is a great way to get them "just so". |
371 | Then, adjust the volume settings to your liking; the ncurses-based <c>alsamixer</c> is a great way to get them "just so". |
| 345 | <p> |
372 | <p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 357 | <p>When you ever rebuild your kernel, or upgrade to another kernel, you'll have to rebuild the ALSA modules.</p> |
384 | <p>When you ever rebuild your kernel, or upgrade to another kernel, you'll have to rebuild the ALSA modules.</p> |
| 358 | <p>Although you might have installed <c>alsa-driver</c>, <c>alsa-libs</c> and <c>alsa-utils</c>, only the first will |
385 | <p>Although you might have installed <c>alsa-driver</c>, <c>alsa-libs</c> and <c>alsa-utils</c>, only the first will |
| 359 | have to be installed again, since it will put the alsa modules in |
386 | have to be installed again, since it will put the alsa modules in |
| 360 | <path>/lib/modules/*/kernel/sound/pci/</path>.</p> |
387 | <path>/lib/modules/*/kernel/sound/pci/</path>.</p> |
| 361 | <pre caption="needed after each kernel compile"> |
388 | <pre caption="needed after each kernel compile"> |
| 362 | # <c>emerge alsa-driver</c> |
389 | # <i>emerge alsa-driver</i> |
| 363 | </pre> |
390 | </pre> |
| 364 | </body> |
391 | </body> |
| 365 | </section> |
392 | </section> |
| 366 | <section> |
393 | <section> |
| 367 | <title>/etc/modules.autoload</title> |
394 | <title>/etc/modules.autoload</title> |
| … | |
… | |
| 370 | load the correct modules at startup.</p> |
397 | load the correct modules at startup.</p> |
| 371 | <p>It's not necessary to add <c>snd-pcm-oss</c> or <c>snd-mixer-oss</c> in this file. |
398 | <p>It's not necessary to add <c>snd-pcm-oss</c> or <c>snd-mixer-oss</c> in this file. |
| 372 | Check the <uri link="http://www.djcj.org/LAU/guide/alsbook/faq1.html">this FAQ</uri> for more info.</p> |
399 | Check the <uri link="http://www.djcj.org/LAU/guide/alsbook/faq1.html">this FAQ</uri> for more info.</p> |
| 373 | </body> |
400 | </body> |
| 374 | </section> |
401 | </section> |
|
|
402 | |
|
|
403 | <section> |
|
|
404 | <title>Known bugs</title> |
|
|
405 | <body> |
|
|
406 | |
|
|
407 | <note> |
|
|
408 | This guide lags behind on the alsa-development. Chances are these bugs |
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409 | are already fixed when you read this. |
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410 | </note> |
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411 | |
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412 | <ul> |
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413 | <li> |
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414 | If you have <b>lots of noise</b> when using <b>oss</b> emulation, add |
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415 | <e>options snd-pcm-oss dsp_map=1</e> to |
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416 | <path>/etc/modules.d/alsa</path>. |
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417 | </li> |
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418 | </ul> |
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419 | |
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420 | </body> |
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421 | </section> |
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422 | |
| 375 | <section> |
423 | <section> |
| 376 | <title>More links..</title> |
424 | <title>More links..</title> |
| 377 | <body> |
425 | <body> |
| 378 | <p> |
426 | <p> |
| 379 | You could check these for additional info: |
427 | You could check these for additional info: |
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