doc/en/faq.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">

<guide link="/doc/en/faq.xml">
<title>Gentoo Linux Frequently Asked Questions</title>
<author title="Chief Architect"><mail link="drobbins@gentoo.org">Daniel Robbins</mail></author>
<author title="Reviewer">Colin Morey</author>
<author title="Editor"><mail link="zhen@gentoo.org">John P. Davis</mail></author>
<author title="Editor"><mail link="stocke2@gentoo.org">Eric Stockbridge</mail></author>
<author title="Editor"><mail link="zhware@gentoo.org">Stoyan Zhekov</mail></author>
<author title="Editor"><mail link="carl@gentoo.org">Carl Anderson</mail></author>
<author title="Editor"><mail link="peesh@gentoo.org">Jorge Paulo</mail></author>
<author title="Editor"><mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail></author>
<abstract>This FAQ is a collection of questions and answers collected from the gentoo-dev mailing list and from IRC -- if you have any questions (or answers!) to add, please contact either an author or a member of the documentation team.</abstract>

<version>1.1.4</version>
<date>12 May 2003</date>

<chapter>
        <title>Getting Started</title>

        <section>
                <title>How is Gentoo pronounced, and what does it mean?</title>
                <body><p>Gentoo is a species of small fast penguin, pronounced "gen-too" (The "g" in "gentoo" is a soft "g", as in "gentle".)</p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>What makes Gentoo different?</title>
                <body>
                        <p>Gentoo Linux is a fast, modern distribution with a clean and flexible
                        design -- in this respect, Gentoo may appeal to
                        <uri link="http://www.slackware.com/">Slackware</uri>,
                        <uri link="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org">Linux From Scratch</uri> or
            <uri link="http://www.bsd.org">BSD</uri> users. Unlike most Linux
            distros, Gentoo has a package system reminiscent of BSD's ports,
            meaning the packages are continually updated to the lastest
            versions.
        </p>
                </body>
        </section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
        <title>Installation</title>
        
                <section>

                <warn>REPORT all bugs to <uri>bugs.gentoo.org</uri>! Do not report bugs to upstream (original)
                authors. Report the bugs to Gentoo, and we will move them upstream if necessary.
                </warn>
                
                <title>What is the difference between the .iso and .tbz2 files?</title>
                <body><p>The build <e>.tbz2</e> file is a minimal set of system files
                that is necessary for allowing a user to bootstrap and install
                Gentoo Linux.  The build <e>.iso</e> is a complete, bootable CD image that
                contains a system kernel, a reasonably complete set of kernel modules,
                necessary system tools such as <c>mkfs</c> and networking support,
                as well as the <e>.tbz2</e> minimal-system tarball.  Most users will install
                Gentoo Linux by burning the .iso file onto a CD, booting off of the CD,
                and installing from within the minimal linux environment provided by
                the Gentoo boot CD.  It is possible, however, for users to install
                Gentoo Linux directly from an already-existing Linux distribution.
                Such users need only download the .tbz2 file, install the contents
                on a spare partition (making sure to use the <c>p</c> flag when
                untarring the tarball!), chroot, and install in the usual fashion.</p>
        </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>Why do the build .iso and .tbz2 files sometimes have different -r (revision) numbers?</title>
                <body><p>
                The .tbz2 minimal-system tarball only needs to be revised when there have
                been significant changes to the core Gentoo Linux system (such as baselayout
                changes, or a new profile), and as such .tbz2 updates are relatively rare.
                The .iso file tends to get updated whenever we discover that somebody has
                hardware that won't boot from our .iso.  Since new kernel modules and
                patches are constantly being generated, this situation probably won't
                stabilise anytime soon.
                </p>
        </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>I have a Sony Super-Slim VAIO laptop, and the Gentoo Linux CD is having problems 
                        finding my PCMCIA ATAPI CD-ROM.</title>
                <body>
                <p>Make sure the second IDE port is set to CDROM (it unsets itself if the device isn't 
                        attached on boot) then do the following at the isolinux <c>boot:</c> prompt:</p>
<pre>
boot: <i>rescue ide2=0x180,0x386</i>
</pre>
<p>If you are using a 1.0_rc5 or earlier boot CD, apart from thinking about downloading the latest iso, 
type <c>gentoo</c> instead of <c>rescue</c>, above.</p>
</body>

</section>
        <section>
                <title>I'm finding things to be really unstable and I'm using "-O9 -ffast-math 
                -fomit-frame-pointer" optimizations.  What gives?</title>
                <body>
                <p>When you use any optimizations beyond <c>-O3</c>, you're really taking the risk of 
                having broken packages.
                Very aggressive optimizations sometimes cause the compiler to streamline the assembly code 
                to the point where it doesn't quite do the same thing anymore. A possible setting based on <e>Loc-Dog</e> (on IRC)'s CFLAGS
                is <c>-O3 -mcpu=i686 -march=i686 -fforce-addr -fomit-frame-pointer -funroll-loops 
                -frerun-cse-after-loop -frerun-loop-opt -falign-functions=4</c>, which is about
                as much as I'd want to push global optimization settings.  Beyond this, it's best to use
                ultra-high optimizations only with specific packages where you really need that extra 2%,
                (eg graphics and various multimedia programs), and where you can easily test the package 
                to ensure that it hasn't been optimized into oblivion.</p>
                <p>Please try first to compile with CFLAGS <c>-march= -O2</c> before reporting a bug</p>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>What's the default root password after installation?</title>
                <body><p>The default password is blank; hit enter.</p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>How can i change the root (or indeed any other user's) password?</title>
                <body><p>You can use <c>passwd</c> to change the password for the user you are logged into.
                for extra options and setting, please see <c>man passwd</c> once you've completed the install.
                </p></body>
        </section>
        <section>
                <title>How do i add a normal user?</title>
                <body><p>Everyone seems to think that i shouldn't be using <e>root</e> for everyday use,
                how can i add another user?</p>
                <p>The command <c>adduser gentoo</c> will add a user called gentoo. The next step is to give
                this user a password and <c>passwd</c> will do exactly that.</p>
                <p>Insteed of <c>adduser</c> you can also use:
                <pre># <i>useradd gentoo -m -G users,audio,wheel -s /bin/bash</i></pre>
                This will add a user gentoo, will make possible for him to use sound-related devices (<path>/dev/sound/*</path>), will make possible for him to switch to root (using <c>su</c>) and will make <path>/bin/bash</path> his login shell.
                </p>
                </body>
        </section>
        <section>
                <title>Why can't a user su to root?</title>
                <body><p>For security reasons, users may only <c>su</c> to root if they belong to the 
                <e>wheel</e> group. To add a <i>username</i> to the <e>wheel</e> group, issue the following 
                command as root:</p>
                <pre># <i>usermod -G users,wheel username</i></pre>
                </body>
        </section>
        <section>
                <title>How do I enable devfs?</title>
                <body>
                <p>
                If you're using 1.0_rc5 or greater, you don't need to do anything special to get 
                devfs working; it's already active (you did make sure that devfs was built into the
                kernel, didn't you?).  
                However, if you are using a version of Gentoo Linux <e>prior</e> to version 1.0_rc5, add 
                <c>devfs=mount</c> to your <c>GRUB</c> kernel boot options so that the line looks something 
                like <c>kernel /boot/boot/bzImage devfs=mount foo=bar</c>  The kernel will then mount the 
                <path>/dev</path> <e>devfs</e> filesystem automatically at boot-time.
                </p>
                </body>
        </section>
        <section>
                <title>How to I disable devfs?</title>
                <body>
                <p>Under Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc6 and later, you can disable devfs by passing the 
                <c>gentoo=nodevfs</c> to the kernel.</p>
                </body>
        </section>
        <section>
                <title>How do I get a <path>/dev/mouse </path> that
                doesn't go away when I reboot (when using devfs)?</title>
                <body>
                <p>
                If you are using 1.0_rc6 or later, then you can just use <c>ln -s</c>
                to make the usual symbolic link from <path>/dev/mouse</path>, and
                it will be preserved between reboots.
                </p>
                <p>All other users need to edit <path>/etc/devfsd.conf</path>
                and add these lines:</p>
<pre>
REGISTER        ^misc/psaux$    CFUNCTION GLOBAL symlink misc/psaux mouse
UNREGISTER      ^misc/psaux$    CFUNCTION GLOBAL unlink mouse
</pre>
                <p>If you are not using the devfs PS/2 mouse <path>/dev/misc/psaux</path> device,
                adjust the <c>misc/psaux</c> strings above accoringly.  You'll then want to 
                <c>killall -HUP devfsd</c>
                to get devfsd to reread <path>/etc/devfsd.conf</path>.</p>
                </body>
        </section>
        <section>
                <title>Grub can't find stage x.y?</title>
                <body><p>
                During installation the grub boot files are copied
                to <path>/boot/grub</path> (<path>/boot/boot/grub</path> in Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and 
                earlier.) Grub automatically looks in the <path>/boot/grub</path> directory on the boot 
                partition.  (We strongly recommend having a separate no-auto boot partition mounted at 
                <path>/boot</path>, since that way it is much more difficult to clobber your kernel and boot
                info by accident.)  The above error generally arises from (a) not using a separate boot 
                partition, (b) forgetting to mount the boot partition at <path>/boot</path> before either 
                unpacking the build snapshot or running
                <c>emerge --usepkg system</c>, or (c) forgetting the
                <c>notail</c> option when mounting a ReiserFS <path>/boot</path> partition.
                You can get more information on grub, including how to
                debug grub from the grub prompt, by reading the 
                <uri link="http://www-105.ibm.com/developerworks/education.nsf/linux-onlinecourse-bytitle/0F1731DC664023B7862569D0005C44AF?OpenDocument">IBM developerWorks Grub tutorial</uri>.
                </p>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
        <title>My ASUS CUV4X-D won't boot and it freezes during various stages of kernel loading and hardware 
        detection. </title>
        <body>
        <p>Disable MPS 1.4 (multi-processor-system) in the BIOS or switch this 
        function to 1.1. By using this option you just switch the MPS version. The Multi-Processor-System
        will still work properly. Make sure to boot Gentoo Linux with the following boot option, noapic. </p>
        </body>
        </section>
        
        <section>
        <title>If I have Gentoo 1.4_rc1 can I upgrade to 1.4_rc2, 1.4_final/_rc3 without reinstalling?</title>
        <body>
        In fact there is no difference between the 1.4 releases <b>after they&apos;ve installed</b>. Gentoo 1.4 and later are <c>glibc-2.3.x</c> based.
        As such 1.4rc1 machine for example, that does <c>emerge sync; emerge -u world</c> is <b>exactly the same</b> as a machine with 1.4rc2 installed, after it does <c>emerge sync; emerge -u world</c>. The true differences lie in the installer.
        </body>
        </section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
        <title>Package Management</title>
        <section>
                <title>In what format are the packages stored?</title>
                <body><p>They exist in our portage tree as <e>ebuild</e> autobuild scripts; we are primarily 
                a ports-based distribution, meaning that we provide scripts (<c>.ebuild</c> files) and a 
                special system (Portage) so that you can build apps from sources. We generally only build 
                binaries for releases and snapshots. The <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-howto.xml">Development HOWTO
                </uri> covers the contents of an ebuild script in detail.  For full binary ISO releases, we 
                create a full suite of binary packages in an enhanced <c>.tbz2</c> format (<c>.tar.bz2</c> 
                compatible with meta-information attached to the end of the file.)</p>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>Why write a new port system (Portage) instead of using BSD's version?</title>
                <body>
                <p>In one sentence, because Portage is much better in so many ways.  One of the design
                philosophies of the <c>.ebuild</c> syntax was to make it an analog of what you'd type to 
                install the program manually, thus making Portage very easy to learn and modify to your 
                needs.  We also have OpenBSD-style "fake" installs, safe unmerging, system profiles, 
                package masking, a real dependency system, and lots of other good stuff.</p>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>How does this differ from Debian's apt or BSD's ports?</title>
                <body><p>Portage features the best of apt and ports; for example, USE options, a full
                dependency system, safe installs and uninstalls, and a true package database.  Think of
                Portage as the best of both worlds; a ports system with the sensibilities and safety of a
                Linux package management system built-in.</p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>How do I install and uninstall packages?</title>
                <body>
                <p>The <uri link="/doc/en/portage-user.xml">Portage User Guide</uri> details how to install
                and uninstall packages, and update Portage.</p>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>How can I set a global configuration for compiling packages?</title>
                <body><p><path>/etc/make.conf</path> should be modified to override global and
                profile-specific default options used to compile and merge packages. The most common options 
                are as follows:</p>
                <table>
                <tr>
                        <th>Flag</th>
                        <th>Description</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                        <ti>CHOST</ti>
                        <ti>This sets the HOST variable for compiles, e.g. <c>i686-pc-linux-gnu</c></ti>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                        <ti>CFLAGS</ti>
                        <ti>The options for <c>gcc</c> when compiling programs written in C (*.c files)</ti>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                        <ti>CXXFLAGS</ti>
                        <ti>The options for <c>gcc</c> when compiling programs written in C++ (*.c,*.cpp etc.
                        files)</ti>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                        <ti>USE</ti>
                        <ti>This allows you to set what optional components you'd like compiled-in, if
                        available.  For example, if you have <c>gnome</c> inside the USE string, then when
                        you compile <c>xchat</c>, it will include GNOME support.  All our dependencies are
                        also USE-aware.</ti>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                        <ti>GENTOO_MIRRORS</ti>
                        <ti>A space separated list of URIs currently mirroring the Gentoo packages.  Portage 
                        will attempt download from a <c>GENTOO_MIRROR</c> first before trying the official
                        <c>SRC_URI</c>.  To force Portage to skip mirrors, set this variable to "".</ti>
                </tr>
                </table>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>What happened to <path>/etc/make.defaults</path>?</title>
                <body>
                <p>As of Portage 1.5 onwards, <path>/etc/make.defaults</path> is antiquated; 
                if you have portage-1.5-r1 or above installed then you can safely delete it.
                This file has been replaced by <path>/etc/make.profile/make.defaults</path>
                (<path>/etc/make.profile</path> should actually be a symlink to, 
                <path>/usr/portage/profiles/default</path>),
                which contains system profile-specific default settings. The priority order of
                the various configuration files is as follows (highest first):
                <ol>
                        <li>Environment variables</li>
                        <li><path>/etc/make.conf</path>, for your use</li>
                        <li><path>/etc/make.profile/make.defaults</path>, for profile-specific defaults</li>
                        <li><path>/etc/make.globals</path>, for global defaults (settings not specified in
                        any other place come from here)</li>
                </ol></p></body>
        </section>
        
        <section>
                <title>Is there a way to upgrade all installed packages
                e.g. <e>apt-get upgrade</e> or <e>make World</e>?</title>
                <body><p><b>YES!</b>  Type <c>emerge --update system</c> (use it with <c>--pretend</c> first) to
                update all core system packages, and use <c>emerge --update world</c> (again, use it with 
                <c>--pretend</c> first) to do a complete system upgrade of all installed packages.


                </p></body>
        </section>

        <section> 
                <title>When updating a package using <c>emerge</c> or <c>ebuild</c>, how do I avoid 
                clobbering my config files?</title>
                <body><p>
                Portage now includes config file management support by default.  Type 
                <c>emerge --help config</c> for more details.  The (overly) simple answer is that if
                a package installs <path>foo</path> somewhere under <path>/etc</path>, and
                another <path>foo</path> already exists there, then the new <path>foo</path> will
                instead be renamed to <path>._cfgxxxx_foo</path> in that directory.  A useful
                tool for examining and updating any protected config files is <c>etc-update</c>,
                which is now part of Portage.
                </p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>I want to perform the <c>./configure</c> step myself.  Can I?</title>
                <body><p>
                Yes, but it is not trivial.  First do <c>man ebuild</c> followed by
                <c>ebuild foo-x.y.z.ebuild unpack</c>.  Then <c>cd</c> to 
                <path>/var/tmp/portage/foo-x.y.z/work</path>.  You can manually perform
                the <c>./configure</c> and <c>make</c> steps yourself (you'll have to do
                both, since Portage does not separate the configure and build steps).  To
                have Portage finish the installation (so that you can easily remove it later,
                should you desire to do so, and it will be registered in Portage as a possible
                dependency) you first need to <c>touch /var/tmp/portage/foo-x.y.z/.compiled</c>
                (tricking Portage into thinking that <c>ebuild foo-x.y.z.ebuild compile</c> has
                completed), followed by <c>ebuild foo-x.y.z.ebuild merge</c>.
                </p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>What if rsync doesn't work for me?</title>
                <body><p>
                If you're behind a firewall that doesn't permit
                rsync traffic, then you can use <c>emerge-webrsync</c> which will fetch 
        and install a Portage snapshot for you through regular HTTP. 
        <c>emerge-webrsync</c> uses <c>wget</c> to download, so proxy is fully 
        supported.
        <pre caption="Using emerge-webrsync">
~# <c>emerge-webrsync</c></pre>
        If you cannot do this either, you can manually download a snapshot
        from <uri>http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/gentoo/snapshots/</uri>.
        In order to install the snapshot correctly, you first need to remove 
        your current <path>/usr/portage</path> so that outdated ebuilds don't 
        stay available on your system. However, you might want to put 
        <path>/usr/portage/distfiles</path> somewhere safe if you don't want to 
        lose all your sourcecode.
        <pre caption="Manually installing the snapshots">
<codenote>(First download the snapshot and place it in /usr)</codenote>
~# <c>cd /usr</c>
~# <c>mv /usr/portage/distfiles /usr/distfiles-temp</c>
~# <c>rm -rf /usr/portage</c>
~# <c>tar xvjf portage-foo.tbz2</c>
~# <c>mv /usr/distfiles-temp /usr/portage/distfiles</c></pre>
                </p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>How do I use <i>emerge</i> from behind a firewall?</title>
                <body><p>
                Edit the PROXY settings in <path>/etc/make.conf</path>.  If that doesn't work,
                edit <path>/etc/wget/wgetrc</path> and edit http_proxy and ftp_proxy
                appropriately.
                </p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>Can I rsync from another operating system?</title>
                <body><p>There's a program called unison that works under both UNIX and Win32, available from
                <uri>http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/unison/</uri>.</p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>I have only slow modem connection at home. Can I download sources somewhere else and
                add them to my system?</title>
                <body><p>
                Definitely. You can run <c>emerge --pretend package</c> to see what programs
                are going to be installed. To find out the sources for those packages and where to 
                download the sources from, you can run <c>emerge -fp package</c>.  
                Download sources and bring them on any media
                home. Put the sources into <path>/usr/portage/distfiles</path> and run
                <c>emerge package</c> to see it picking up the sources you just brought in!
                </p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>.tar.gz sources for installed software are piling up in /usr/portage/distfiles/ using 
                valuable space. Is it safe to delete these files?</title>
                <body><p>
                Yes, you can safely delete these files. But if you are on a slow
                connection, such as a modem, you might want to keep the archives if
                possible; often several ebuilds will be released for the same version of
                a specific piece of software  - if you have deleted the archive and you
                upgrade the software it will have to be downloaded from the internet
                again.
                </p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>I went to emerge blackdown-jdk and blackdown-jre, and afterwards
                <c>java-config --list-available-vms</c> would only list blackdown-jre.
                Openoffice would then refuse to emerge. What do I do? </title>

                <body>
                <p>Solution: </p>
                <pre caption = "Solution">
# <c>emerge unmerge blackdown-jre blackdown-jdk </c>  
# <c>CONFIG_PROTECT="" emerge blackdown-jdk </c>
                </pre>
                
                </body>
        </section>
        <section>
                <title>What's in <path>/var/tmp/portage</path>? Is it safe to delete the files and directories in <path>/var/tmp/portage</path>?</title>
                <body>
                During compilation, Gentoo saves the sources of the package in <path>/var/tmp/portage</path>. It is safe to clean out all contents of this directory.
                </body>
        </section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
        <title>Usage</title>
        <section>
                <title>I have installed openssh on my box, but can only log in as root - my normal user
                account doesn't work. </title>
                <body>
                <p>
                This is most probably because your user account doesn't have a valid shell specified. Check
                for your user entry in 
                <path>/etc/passwd</path> and see if it ends in /bin/bash (or any other shell). If it doesn't,
                you must set a shell for the user. This is done using the usermod command, like this ;
                </p>
                <pre># <i>usermod -s /bin/bash myuser</i></pre>
                </body>
        </section>
        
        <section>
                <title>I can start X applications as root only.</title>
                <body><p>Your <path>/tmp</path> directory has the wrong permissions (it needs the sticky bit 
                set). Type the following as root:</p>
                <pre># <i>chmod 1777 /tmp</i></pre>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>How do I set up an International Keyboard Layout?</title>
                <body><p>Edit the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable in <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>.
                Then either reboot or restart the keymaps script:
                <c>/etc/init.d/keymaps restart</c>.</p>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>DNS name resolution works for root only.</title>
                <body><p><path>/etc/resolv.conf</path> has the wrong permissions; <c>chmod</c> it as follows:
                </p>
                <pre># <i>chmod 0644 /etc/resolv.conf</i></pre>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>Why is KDE not reading <path>/etc/profile</path>?</title>
                <body><p>You need to add <c>--login</c> to the first line in <path>/opt/kde2.1/bin/startkde
                </path>, so that it reads as follows:</p>
                <pre>#!/bin/sh --login</pre>
                <p>This fix has been added to recent versions of KDE.</p>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>Why can't my user use their own crontab?</title>
                <body><p>You need to add that user to the <i>cron</i> group.
                </p>
                </body>
        </section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
        <title>Maintenance</title>
        <section>
                <title>ReiserFS and filesystem corruption issues -- how to fix'em, etc</title>
                <body>
                <p>
                If your
                ReiserFS partition is corrupt, try booting the Gentoo 
                Linux boot CD and run <c>reiserfsck --rebuild-tree</c> on
                the corrupted filesystem.  This should make the filesystem consistent
                again, although you may have lost some files or directories due
                to the corruption.
                </p>
                </body>
        </section>
<!-- is this still relevant? -cpm -->
        <section>
                <title>How to I view the timestamps in /var/log/syslog.d, etc. on a pre-1.0_rc5 Gentoo 
                system?</title>
                <body>
                <p>To view multilog (Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and earlier) timestamps, you need to pipe the 
                current log through the <c>tai64nlocal</c>command:</p>

<pre>
# <i>tai64nlocal &lt; /var/log/syslog.d/current | less</i>
</pre>

<p>Or, alternatively, if you want to "tail" the log:</p>

<pre>
# <i>tail -f /var/log/syslog.d/current | tai64nlocal</i>
</pre>

</body>
        </section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
        <title>Development</title>
        <section>
                <title>Where can I report bugs?</title>
                <body><p>For bugs within a specific program, contact the program's author. Otherwise, use our
                Bugzilla bug tracker at <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri>.  You can also visit us in
                <c>#gentoo</c> on the <uri link="http://www.freenode.net">FreeNode</uri> IRC network.
                </p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>How often are new releases made?</title>
                <body><p>New releases are announced on the <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/lists.xml">gentoo-announce</uri> 
                mailing list<!-- TODO: approximatley every X months -->, In reality the packages themselves 
                are updated shortly after the main authors release new code. As for when new Cd images etc
                are released, that tends to be whenever there are any major updates to the base code, or when
                new modules get added.</p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>I would like a package to be added to Portage; how would I go about this?</title>
                <body><p>Head over to <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri> and submit a new bug of the type
                "ebuild".  Attach your ebuild to the bug report.</p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>How can I add a question or answer to this FAQ?</title>
                <body><p>Submit a new bug over at <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri> and add it to the
                "Docs-user" product, "Gentoo Linux FAQ" component.</p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>make -f Makefile.cvs on a KDE app produces "invalid unused variable" errors</title>
                <body><p>
                Export <c>WANT_AUTOMAKE_1_4=1</c> for all KDE projects before running 
                <c>make -f Makefile.cvs</c>. Also, for KDE2 apps export <c>WANT_AUTOCONF_2_1=1</c>, 
                and for KDE3 apps export <c>WANT_AUTOCONF_2_5=1</c>.
                </p></body>
        </section>


        <section>
                <title>My speaker beeps like crazy while compiling Mozilla. How do I disable console beeps?
                </title>
        <body>
        <p>
            Console beeps can be turned off using setterm, like this ;

        <pre># <i>setterm -blength 0</i></pre>

            If you would like to turn off the console beeps on boot
            you need to put this command in  
            <path>/etc/conf.d/local.start</path>. However, this only
            disables beeps for the current terminal. To disable
            beeps for other terminals, pipe the command output to the 
            target terminal, like this ;

        <pre># <i>setterm -blength 0 >/dev/vc/1</i></pre>

            You need to replace /dev/vc/1 with the terminal
            you would like to disable console beeps for.
        </p>
        </body>
        </section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>Resources</title>
        <section>
                <title>Where can I find more about supervise used by default in Gentoo Linux 1.0_rc5 and earlier?</title>
                <body><p><!-- TODO: --><uri>http://cr.yp.to/daemontools.html</uri></p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>Where can I find more information about Gentoo Linux?</title>
                <body><p>The official Gentoo documentation can be found on <uri>http://www.gentoo.org</uri>; general Linux information is at <uri>http://www.linuxdoc.org</uri>.</p></body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>Can I buy a CD of Gentoo Linux?</title>
                <body><p>Yes!  Fresh CDRs are available for $5 USD apiece from 
                <uri link = "http://cart.cheapbytes.com/cgi-bin/cart/0070010805">Cheapbytes</uri>.
                </p>
                <p>There are also CDs for sale at <uri link = "http://www.tuxcds.com/section.php?section=42">
                tuxcds</uri> for a very good price. These people also bounce back a portion of the profits
                to the Gentoo project, so buy them while they are hot! </p>
                </body>
        </section>

        <section>
                <title>Why, when I hit reply to a post on a Gentoo mailing list, does my answer 
                only go to the original poster and not the entire list?</title>
                <body>
                <p>The mailing list administrators have decided to go with minimal munging 
                (altering of mail headers), which means that they have decided against  
                altering headers to have replies go to the mailing list.  There are various 
                reasons for this. For example, if a subscriber has a full mailbox, the 
                entire list receives notice of this every time that something is posted.  

                Most GUI based mailers have a "reply to all" function. This will ensure that 
                your reply goes to the mailing list as well as the original poster. Most 
                users of text based emailers already know the methods to use, but if you 
                don't, in Pine, there is a "reply to group" option.  Setting Mutt to reply to 
                the list is covered in the unofficial documentation at
                <uri link="http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=1085">forums.gentoo.org</uri>.

                Some list members do not like this method, but it was very heavily 
                discussed when it went into effect, with arguments on both sides.  
                Eventually the list administrators decided to keep it this way. Discussing 
                it on the mailing list will sometimes bring a polite explanation and other 
                times a rather brusque comment to check the archives. Although the 
                administrators regret the inconvenience that it may cause some users, it is 
                felt that at present it is preferable to the alternative for several 
                reasons, many of these covered
                <uri link="http://www.unicom.com/pw/reply-to-harmful.html">here</uri>.  

                 (There are other eloquent arguments in favor of munging, and yes, the list 
                 administrators have seen them.) </p>
                 </body>
                 </section>

        <section>
                <title>This FAQ hasn't answered my question.  What do I do now?</title>
                <body>
                <p>A good first step is to browse through the relevant doumentation <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/docs.xml">here</uri>, 
                failing that, the various Gentoo Linux mailing
                lists listed on <uri link="http://www.google.com">Google</uri>.  To search through the Gentoo mailling lists, 
                just enter "lists.gentoo.org foo" to search for "foo".  If all else fails, or you just want
                to hang out with Gentoo folks, visit us on irc: <i>#gentoo</i>
                on <i>irc.freenode.net</i>.
                </p>
                </body>
        </section>
</chapter>
</guide>