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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-amd64-faq.xml,v 1.40 2013/01/14 06:30:59 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
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|
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<guide> |
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<title>Gentoo Linux/AMD64 Frequently Asked Questions</title> |
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|
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="blubb@gentoo.org">Simon Stelling</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="metalgod@gentoo.org">Luis Medinas</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="gerrynjr@gentoo.org">Gerald J. Normandin Jr.</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="neysx@gentoo.org">Xavier Neys</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="nightmorph"/> |
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</author> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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This is the Gentoo Linux/AMD64 Frequently Asked Questions |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>6</version> |
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<date>2013-01-13</date> |
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|
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<faqindex> |
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<title>Questions</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Introduction to Gentoo/AMD64 FAQ</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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This document contains the most commonly asked questions about Gentoo/AMD64. We |
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intend to help and provide useful information about Gentoo/AMD64. Some of these |
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questions can be found in forums, IRC, or mailing lists. If you have |
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suggestions or questions about this FAQ, you are welcome to send an e-mail to |
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<mail>amd64@gentoo.org</mail>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</faqindex> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Installation</title> |
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<section id="difference"> |
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<title>What's the difference between AMD64 and EM64T?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Both refer to 64-bit processors from AMD (AMD64) and Intel (EM64T). AMD's 64-bit |
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processors include the Athlon 64, Turion, Neo, Phenom, and Opteron families. |
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Intel's 64-bit processors include the Core2, Core i<e>X</e>, Celeron, Xeon, and |
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Pentium (all based on the Core2 architecture). The <uri |
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link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em64t#Intel_64">last few versions</uri> of |
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the old Pentium 4 and Xeon chips also support EM64T. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The AMD line of 64-bit processors were released well ahead of Intel's offering. |
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Therefore, for historical reasons the arch keyword for all x86-64 compatible |
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architectures is amd64. As such, <e>AMD64</e> is a generic reference to 64-bit |
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chips, whether AMD or Intel. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="cflags"> |
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<title>What CFLAGS should I use for AMD64/EM64T?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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You should use simple <c>CFLAGS</c> to avoid future problems with your system. |
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Supported <c>CFLAGS</c> are <c>-O2 -march=native -pipe</c> for AMD and Intel |
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(EM64T) systems. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="kernel"> |
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<title>What kernel should I use for AMD64?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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You can use almost all kernel sources available in Portage. We recommend using |
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<c>gentoo-sources</c> because it is a special kernel designed for Gentoo Linux. |
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It contains lots of AMD64-specific patches and therefore is the only kernel |
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officially supported by Gentoo/AMD64. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Make sure you have the <c>IA32_EMULATION</c> option activated in the kernel. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Activating IA32 Emulation in Kernel source"> |
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# <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i> |
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# <i>make menuconfig</i> |
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|
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Executable file formats / Emulations ---> |
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[*] IA32 Emulation |
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</pre> |
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|
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<warn> |
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You may experience build failures on multilib-systems if you deactivate this |
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option. |
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</warn> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="perfup"> |
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<title>Will I have a performance upgrade if I use a 64bit system instead of 32bit?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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That is a difficult question to answer. In some cases, you will experience a |
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performance improvement, in other cases you will not. For everyday use, there is |
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nearly no difference between 64bit and 32bit. 64bit is generally faster when it |
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comes to floating point computing which is normally the case in multimedia |
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applications and 3D rendering. This <uri |
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link="http://www.linux.com/articles/114024?tid=121">article</uri> (and a <uri |
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link="http://www.linux.com/feature/43873">related</uri> article) may interest |
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you. There's also a nice <uri |
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link="https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-349691.html">thread</uri> in our <uri |
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link="https://forums.gentoo.org">forums</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="multilib"> |
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<title>What is multilib and how can I use it?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Every AMD64 processor is able to run 32bit code as well as 64bit code. |
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However, when you have a 32bit application, you are unable to mix it with |
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64bit libraries or vice versa. You can, however, natively run 32bit |
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applications if all shared libraries it needs are available as 32bit objects. |
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You can choose whether you want multilib support or not by selecting the |
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according profile. The default is a multilib-enabled profile. |
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</p> |
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|
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<warn> |
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Currently you cannot switch from a no-multilib to a multilib-enabled profile, |
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so think over your decision twice before you use the no-multilib profile. |
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</warn> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="chroot32"> |
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<title>How do I create a 32bit chroot?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Please read the <uri link="/proj/en/base/amd64/howtos/chroot.xml">32bit chroot |
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guide</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="upgradex86"> |
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<title>Can I upgrade from my x86 system to amd64 by doing emerge -e world?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Due to several differences between an <c>x86</c> and an <c>amd64</c> |
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installation, it is impossible to upgrade. Please perform a fresh install. The |
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installation is slightly different than an x86 one, so please use the |
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<uri link="/doc/en/handbook/handbook-amd64.xml">AMD64 Handbook</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Also, binary files created on an x86 system most likely cannot be read by |
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packages on an amd64 system. In particular, databases such as MySQL, innoDB, |
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Berkeley DB, SQLite, OpenLDAP, etc. cannot simply be copied as-is. You will need |
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to dump the database into an architecture-independent format, such as a text |
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file, before attempting to restore it on an amd64 system. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="reiser4"> |
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<title>Can I use Reiser4?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Reiser4 is not available from any kernel offered by the Gentoo Kernel project, |
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thus the AMD64 team doesn't support it. The answer is no. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Hardware</title> |
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<section id="videobindrivers"> |
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<title>Will my binary NVIDIA/ATI drivers work?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Yes, NVIDIA and ATI provide drivers that work on AMD64. You can install them by |
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executing <c>emerge nvidia-drivers</c> or <c>emerge ati-drivers</c>. If you have |
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more questions about these drivers, you should read the <uri |
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link="/doc/en/nvidia-guide.xml">Nvidia guide</uri> or the <uri |
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link="/doc/en/ati-faq.xml">ATI FAQ</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="coolnquiet"> |
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<title>How do I use Cool'n'Quiet/PowerNow/SpeedStep features?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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You have to compile your kernel with support for these features. You just need |
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to enable the features below: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Kernel options for Cool'n'Quiet/PowerNow/SpeedStep"> |
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Power management options ---> |
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[*] Run-time PM core functionality |
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[*] ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) Support ---> |
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<*> Processor |
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<*> Thermal Zone |
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CPU Frequency scaling ---> |
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[*] CPU Frequency scaling |
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Default CPUFreq governor (ondemand) ---> |
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-*- 'performance' governor |
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<*> 'userspace' governor for userspace frequency scaling |
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-*- 'ondemand' cpufreq policy governor |
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<*> ACPI Processor P-States driver |
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<*> AMD Opteron/Athlon64 PowerNow! |
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-*- CPU idle PM support |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Then <c>emerge cpufrequtils</c> and edit <path>/etc/conf.d/cpufrequtils</path> |
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with your favorite editor. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Example of /etc/conf.d/cpufrequtils"> |
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# Options when starting cpufreq (given to the 'cpufreq-set' program) |
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START_OPTS="--governor ondemand" |
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|
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# Options when stopping cpufreq (given to the 'cpufreq-set' program) |
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STOP_OPTS="--governor performance" |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now you only have to run <c>rc-update add cpufrequtils boot</c> to make sure it is |
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started every time you boot. |
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</p> |
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|
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<note> |
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You may want to read the <uri |
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link="/doc/en/power-management-guide.xml#doc_chap3">Power Management Guide</uri> |
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for more tips on CPU power management. |
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</note> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Applications</title> |
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<section id="flash"> |
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<title>Can I get Adobe Flash working?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Yes. Just <c>emerge adobe-flash</c>. Be sure to read any messages displayed by |
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the ebuild once it has been emerged. |
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<!-- Adobe killed 10.0 for security reasons, and 10.1 is only 32-bit --> |
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<!-- |
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Adobe has provided a 64-bit Flash plugin starting with version 10.0.22.87. If |
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you don't need the 32-bit plugin, then run <c>echo "www-plugins/adobe-flash |
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-32bit" >> /etc/portage/package.use</c>. This will install only the 64-bit Flash |
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plugin. |
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--> |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="masked"> |
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<title>I want to install package foo, but emerge says: (masked by: ~amd64 keyword)</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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This means that the package is still in the 'testing' tree. Please read <c>man |
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portage</c> or the <uri |
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link="/doc/en/handbook/handbook-amd64.xml?part=3&chap=3">Mixing Software |
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Branches</uri> chapter of the <uri |
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link="/doc/en/handbook/handbook-amd64.xml">AMD64 Handbook</uri> for more |
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information. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="keyword"> |
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<title>I want to install package foo, but emerge says: (masked by: missing keyword)</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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This means that the package has not been tested yet. It does <e>not |
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necessarily</e> mean that the package does not work. You can unmask it by |
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accepting another architecture for the package. The following example shows you |
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can tell Portage to accept any keyword for a given package. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Example of adding package keywords"> |
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# <i>echo "category/packagename **" >> /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords</i> |
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# <i>emerge packagename</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If it works fine for you, please let us know and file a bug on <uri |
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link="https://bugs.gentoo.org/">Gentoo's Bugzilla</uri>, so that the AMD64 team |
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can keyword the package and other users can benefit from your test. |
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</p> |
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|
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<warn> |
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Do not try commands like <c>ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86" emerge packagename</c>. It |
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will most certainly break your tree. |
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</warn> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>How can I help the Gentoo/AMD64 project?</title> |
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<section id="project"> |
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<title>How can I help?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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With a growing popularity of the amd64 architecture, we also increasingly need |
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more help. There's still much work to be done to improve the quality of |
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Gentoo/AMD64. An average user can help us by: |
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</p> |
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|
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<ul> |
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<li>Filing general bug reports</li> |
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<li>Testing software that does not yet have the <c>~amd64</c> keyword</li> |
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<li> |
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Participating in the <uri link="/proj/en/base/amd64/at/">Arch Testers |
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project</uri> |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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Help answering questions on the mailing lists, forums and IRC channels |
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</li> |
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<li>Sending patches</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Other Resources</title> |
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<section id="other"> |
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<title>Where can I get more help or information about Gentoo/AMD64?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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If any of your questions wasn't answered here, you can try other resources |
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listed on <uri link="/proj/en/base/amd64/">our project homepage</uri>. You can |
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also ask us at <c>#gentoo-amd64</c> on <c>irc.freenode.net</c>, <uri |
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link="https://forums.gentoo.org/viewforum-f-46.html">Gentoo/AMD64 Forums</uri>, |
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or on the <c>gentoo-amd64@lists.gentoo.org</c> mailing list. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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</guide> |