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1	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>	1	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-freebsd.xml,v 1.18 2006/05/03 01:03:42 rane Exp $ -->	2	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-freebsd.xml,v 1.24 2007/04/04 14:22:45 nightmorph Exp $ -->
3	<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">	3	<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
4		4
5	<guide link="/doc/en/gentoo-freebsd.xml">	5	<guide link="/doc/en/gentoo-freebsd.xml">
6	<title>A short guide to Gentoo/FreeBSD</title>	6	<title>A short guide to Gentoo/FreeBSD</title>
7		7
…		…
15	<mail link="angusyoung@gentoo.org">Otavio R. Piske</mail>	15	<mail link="angusyoung@gentoo.org">Otavio R. Piske</mail>
16	</author>	16	</author>
17	<author title="Author">	17	<author title="Author">
18	<mail link="ka0ttic@gentoo.org">Aaron Walker</mail>	18	<mail link="ka0ttic@gentoo.org">Aaron Walker</mail>
19	</author>	19	</author>
		20	<author title="Author">
		21	<mail link="chriswhite@gentoo.org">Chris White</mail>
		22	</author>
		23	<author title="Contributor">
		24	<mail link="flameeyes@gentoo.org">Diego Pettenò</mail>
		25	</author>
		26	<author title="Editor">
		27	<mail link="nightmorph@gentoo.org">Joshua Saddler</mail>
		28	</author>
20		29
21	<abstract>	30	<abstract>
22	This document gives some general information on FreeBSD, as well as	31	This document gives some general information on FreeBSD, as well as
23	installation instructions for Gentoo/FreeBSD. It also includes some reference	32	installation instructions for Gentoo/FreeBSD. It also includes some reference
24	for people interested in helping out with development.	33	for people interested in helping out with development.
…		…
26		35
27	<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->	36	<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
28	<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->	37	<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->
29	<license/>	38	<license/>
30		39
31	<version>2.4</version>	40	<version>2.7</version>
32	<date>2006-05-03</date>	41	<date>2007-01-02</date>
33		42
34	<chapter>	43	<chapter>
35	<title>Introduction to FreeBSD</title>	44	<title>Introduction to FreeBSD</title>
36	<section>	45	<section>
37	<title>What is FreeBSD?</title>	46	<title>What is FreeBSD?</title>
…		…
41	<uri link="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</uri> is a free (<uri	50	<uri link="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</uri> is a free (<uri
42	link="http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html">license</uri>)	51	link="http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html">license</uri>)
43	Unix-like operating system. Back in 1993 when development of <uri	52	Unix-like operating system. Back in 1993 when development of <uri
44	link="http://www.386bsd.org/">386BSD</uri> stopped, two projects were born:	53	link="http://www.386bsd.org/">386BSD</uri> stopped, two projects were born:
45	<uri link="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</uri>, commonly known to run on a	54	<uri link="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</uri>, commonly known to run on a
46	huge number of architectures, and FreeBSD which supports the x86, amd64, ia64,	55	huge number of architectures, and FreeBSD which supports the x86, amd64, ia64,
47	sparc64 and alpha platforms.FreeBSD is renowned for its stability, performance	56	sparc64 and alpha platforms. FreeBSD is renowned for its stability, performance
48	and security, thus being used from small to huge companies all over the world.	57	and security, thus being used from small to huge companies all over the world.
49	FreeBSD's current production release version is 6.0, which is also used as the	58	</p>
50	foundation for the Gentoo/FreeBSD project. The previous 5.x branch is being	59
51	continued by the FreeBSD project as a service release, but is no more worked on by	60	<p>
52	the Gentoo/FreeBSD developers.	61	FreeBSD's current production release is version 6.1, although the release of 6.2
		62	is very near at the time of writing (Release Candidate 2 was released recently).
		63	Gentoo/FreeBSD development is ongoing on this latter version, while older
		64	versions are discontinued and no longer supported.
53	</p>	65	</p>
54		66
55	</body>	67	</body>
56	</section>	68	</section>
57	<section>	69	<section>
58	<title>What is Gentoo/FreeBSD?</title>	70	<title>What is Gentoo/FreeBSD?</title>
59	<body>	71	<body>
60		72
61	<p>	73	<p>
62	<uri link="/proj/en/gentoo-alt/bsd/fbsd/">Gentoo/FreeBSD</uri> is a subproject of the	74	<uri link="/proj/en/gentoo-alt/bsd/fbsd/">Gentoo/FreeBSD</uri> is a subproject
63	<uri link="/proj/en/gentoo-alt/">Gentoo/Alt project</uri>, with the goal of providing	75	of the <uri link="/proj/en/gentoo-alt/">Gentoo/Alt project</uri>, with the
64	a fully-capable FreeBSD operating system featuring the design sensibilities known from	76	goal of providing a fully-capable FreeBSD operating system featuring design
65	Gentoo Linux, like the init system and the portage package management system.	77	sensibilities taken from Gentoo Linux, such as the init system and the Portage
		78	package management system.
66	</p>	79	</p>
67		80
68	</body>	81	</body>
69	</section>	82	</section>
70	<section>	83	<section>
…		…
122	</chapter>	135	</chapter>
123		136
124	<chapter>	137	<chapter>
125	<title>Installing Gentoo/FreeBSD</title>	138	<title>Installing Gentoo/FreeBSD</title>
126	<section>	139	<section>
127	<title>Installation instructions</title>	140	<title>Booting the CD</title>
128	<body>	141	<body>
129		142
130	<p>	143	<p>
131	After this short introduction, it's about time to finally install	144	After this short introduction, it's about time to finally install
132	Gentoo/FreeBSD. Unfortunately, we currently lack our own installation media, so	145	Gentoo/FreeBSD. Unfortunately, we currently lack our own installation media, so
133	you have to choose between two alternative installation methods. The first	146	you have to choose between two alternative installation methods. The first
134	would be to use an existing FreeBSD installation to partition your hard drive	147	would be to use an existing FreeBSD installation to partition your hard drive
135	and use it as a base for installing Gentoo/FreeBSD. Alternatively, you can also	148	and use it as a base for installing Gentoo/FreeBSD. This guide will describe how
136	use the excellent <uri link="http://www.freesbie.org/">FreeSBIE LiveCD</uri> as	149	to use the <uri link="http://www.freesbie.org/">FreeSBIE LiveCD</uri> as
137	an installation medium for Gentoo/FreeBSD.	150	an installation medium for Gentoo/FreeBSD.
138	</p>	151	</p>
139		152
140	<note>	153	<note>
141	If you are intending to use FreeSBIE for installing Gentoo/FreeBSD, please make	154	If you are intending to use FreeSBIE for installing Gentoo/FreeBSD, please make
142	sure to use a version based on FreeBSD 6.0! Experimental versions can be downloaded	155	sure to use a version based on FreeBSD 6.x, such as FreeSBIE 2.0 (or one of its
		156	release candidates). You can download it from <uri
143	from <uri link="http://torrent.freesbie.org/">FreeSBIE's Bittorrent tracker</uri> and	157	link="http://torrent.freesbie.org/">FreeSBIE's Bittorrent tracker</uri>.
144	version 20060118 has been tested to work for the purposes described in this document.
145	</note>	158	</note>
146		159
		160	<p>
		161	First, boot the CD in order to begin the installation process. You'll be
		162	presented with a login screen. The username is <c>freesbie</c>, and there is
		163	no password. Next, run <c>sudo su</c> to become root, and optionally setup a
		164	password. If you want to pass time during the installation process, you can run
		165	<c>startx</c> to enter into an Xfce environment, suitable for web browsing,
		166	AIM, and other things. Unlike Linux, FreeBSD bases the name of your interface
		167	on the driver for the interface. For example, the Intel EtherExpress driver
		168	(fxp) appears as fxp0 (driver fxp, first network card). To see what your
		169	interface is, use <c>ifconfig</c>:
		170	</p>
		171
		172	<pre caption="Finding out the network interface name using ifconfig">
		173	# <i>ifconfig</i>
		174	fxp0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
		175	options=8<VLAN_MTU>
		176	inet6 fe80::2d0::b7ff:febc:4fe3%fxp0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
		177	inet 192.168.0.106 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
		178	ether 00:d0:b7:bc:4f:e3
		179	media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex>)
		180	status: active
		181	lo0: flags=8007<LOOPBACK,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
		182	</pre>
		183
		184	<p>
		185	If the original DHCP request during the CD bootup failed, you can use the
		186	<c>dhclient</c> command to obtain an IP:
		187	</p>
		188
		189	<pre caption="Obtaining a DHCP address using dhclient">
		190	# <i>dhclient fxp0</i>
		191	DHCPDISCOVER on fxp0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 9
		192	DHCPOFFER from 192.168.0.1
		193	DHCPREQUEST on fxp0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
		194	DHCPACK from 192.168.0.1
		195	bound to 192.168.0.106 -- renewal in 302400 seconds
		196	</pre>
		197
147	<note>	198	<note>
148	We use <c>ee</c> as a default editor in this guide but you can choose	199	The output presented here will differ based on your network.
149	<c>vim</c>, <c>nano</c> or any other editor you like to configure your system.
150	</note>	200	</note>
151		201
152	<p>	202	<p>
153	Before you can begin with the installation, you have to setup a hard disk for	203	Next, create the chroot for your installation:
154	use with Gentoo/FreeBSD. This can either be done via <c>sysinstall</c>
155	(available from a current FreeBSD installation as well as from within FreeSBIE)
156	or by manually using the commands <c>fdisk</c>, <c>disklabel</c> and <c>newfs</c>.
157	If you have never set up a FreeBSD system before, <c>sysinstall</c> may be the
158	better option for you. In that case make sure that you don't use the sysinstall
159	launched by FreeBSD's or FreeSBIE's installers, but use the following command instead:
160	</p>
161
162	<pre caption="Partitioning with sysinstall">
163	# <i>sysinstall diskPartitionEditor diskPartitionWrite diskLabelEditor diskLabelCommit</i>
164	</pre>
165
166	<p>	204	</p>
167	If you face difficulties
168	while partitioning or formatting your hard disks, have a look at the great
169	<uri link="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/">FreeBSD
170	Handbook</uri> or hop onto <c>#gentoo-bsd</c> on the Freenode IRC server.
171	</p>
172		205
173	<p>	206	<pre caption="Making the chroot directory">
174	Once you're done setting up your disks, you have to create a mount point for
175	your Gentoo/FreeBSD installation and mount all the necessary partitions.
176	</p>
177
178	<pre caption="Creating a mount point and mounting partitions">
179	# <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo</i>	207	# <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo</i>
180	<comment>(Replace X with the correct numbers for your hard disk.)</comment>
181	# <i>mount /dev/adXsXa /mnt/gentoo</i>
182	</pre>	208	</pre>
183		209
184	<p>	210	<note>
185	If you're using the FreeSBIE LiveCD and you already had an UFS partition on	211	There is a bug in the <uri
186	your hard disk, it has already been mounted read-only to <path>/mnt/ufs.1</path>.	212	link="http://dev.gentoo.org/~flameeyes/minimal-freesbie-drizzt.iso.bz2">
187	If you want to use that location for your installation, you'll have to remount it	213	minimal Freesbie CD</uri> that prevents the creation of the
188	in read-write mode:	214	<path>/mnt/gentoo</path> mount point. To avoid this, use <path>/mnt</path>
		215	instead of <path>/mnt/gentoo</path> in the following sections.
		216	</note>
		217
		218	</body>
		219	</section>
		220	<section>
		221	<title>Partitioning the Drive</title>
		222	<body>
		223
189	</p>	224	<p>
190		225	Now that we have a mount point, it's time to partition the drive. This is done
191	<pre caption="Remounting a partition in read-write mode">	226	with the <c>sysinstall</c> command:
192	# <i>mount -u -o rw /mnt/ufs.1</i>
193	</pre>
194
195	<p>	227	</p>
		228
		229	<pre caption="Running the sysinstall command to fdisk the drive">
		230	# <i>sysinstall diskPartitionEditor diskPartitionWrite</i>
		231	</pre>
		232
		233	<p>
		234	We recommend that you use the default layout. Press enter at the dialog, then
		235	press <b>a</b> followed by <b>q</b> to accept the default layout. The next
		236	screen will present you with the option of a bootloader. For this option,
		237	choose "None" as we'll be installing the bootloader later on. Next comes the
		238	actual partition sizing and mount points.
		239	</p>
		240
		241	<p>
		242	This next step also uses <c>sysinstall</c>, but with different arguments:
		243	</p>
		244
		245	<pre caption="Running sysinstall to setup partition sizing and mount points">
		246	# <i>sysinstall diskLabelEditor diskLabelCommit</i>
		247	</pre>
		248
		249	<p>
		250	Here, we'll refrain from using the automatic layout, and create one giant root
		251	partition, followed by a swap partition. Hit <b>c</b> to create a new
		252	partition. A dialog prompts you to enter a size. Go ahead and do so, using
		253	MB/GB for setting different sizes, or C for cylinders. For root, choose FS as
		254	the partition type, and set the mount point as <path>/mnt/gentoo</path>. <e>If
		255	you do not adjust the mount point, it will overwrite the FreeSBIE
		256	environment!</e> As <path>/boot</path> is not a separate partition, you'll
		257	need to disable soft-updates, or your system will not boot! To do so, use the
		258	arrow keys to navigate to your newly created partition, then hit the <b>s</b>
		259	key, until "Newfs" contains no <b>+S</b>. Now navigate the arrow keys until
		260	the "Disk" line is highlighted, and hit <b>c</b> again to create a swap
		261	partition. Generally, we recommend a swap space that is twice the size of your
		262	RAM. Choose SWAP as the partition type, and don't worry about soft-updates, as
		263	it does not apply to swap. Now we're finished, so hit <b>q</b> to finish the
		264	process.
		265	</p>
		266
		267	<p>
		268	When choosing a different mountpoint than <path>/</path> for your partition,
		269	<c>sysinstall</c> will actually create a 'd' slice, which the bootloader won't
		270	boot from. To fix this, run the following:
		271	</p>
		272
		273	<pre caption="Fixing the root partition letter">
		274	# <i>disklabel ad0s1 \| sed 's/^ d:/ a:/g' \| disklabel -w ad0s1</i>
		275	</pre>
		276
		277	<p>
		278	This will finalize the partitioning process, and format the drive in UFS for
		279	FreeBSD to utilize. This will also mount the drive for you at the mount point
		280	specified earlier (<path>/mnt/gentoo</path>). You can verify this worked by
		281	running <c>mount</c>:
		282	</p>
		283
		284	<pre caption="Verifying the new disk layout was mounted with mount">
		285	# <i>mount</i>
		286	...
		287	/dev/ad0s1a on /mnt/gentoo (ufs, local)
		288	</pre>
		289
		290	<p>
196	Now that you have mounted the target partition, it is time to fetch and unpack	291	Now that you have mounted the target partition, it is time to start on the Gentoo
197	a stage3 tarball.	292	setup.
		293	</p>
		294
		295	</body>
		296	</section>
		297	<section>
		298	<title>Gentoo Setup</title>
		299	<body>
		300
		301	<p>
		302	First, we need to download a stage3 tarball and unpack it into the chroot.
		303	Point your browser to
		304	<uri>http://gentoo.osuosl.org/experimental/x86/freebsd/stages/</uri>, grab the
		305	latest snapshot, and unpack it into the mountpoint:
198	</p>	306	</p>
199		307
200	<pre caption="Obtaining and unpacking a stage3 tarball">	308	<pre caption="Obtaining and unpacking a stage3 tarball">
201	# <i>cd /mnt/gentoo/</i>	309	# <i>cd /mnt/gentoo/</i>
202	<comment>(Any other Gentoo mirror which includes the experimental/ directory will also work.)</comment>	310	<comment>(Any other Gentoo mirror which includes the experimental/ directory will also work.)</comment>
203	# <i>wget http://gentoo.osuosl.org/experimental/x86/freebsd/stages/gentoo-freebsd-6.0-stage-20060221.tar.bz2</i>	311	# <i>wget http://gentoo.osuosl.org/experimental/x86/freebsd/stages/stage3-x86-freebsd-6.2_rc2.tar.bz2</i>
204	# <i>tar -jxvpf gentoo-freebsd-6.0-stage-20060221</i>	312	# <i>tar -jxvpf stage3-x86-freebsd-6.2_rc2.tar.bz2</i>
205	<comment>(You can delete the tarball with the following command if you want to.)</comment>	313	<comment>(You can delete the tarball with the following command if you want to.)</comment>
206	# <i>rm gentoo-freebsd-6.0-stage-20060221</i>	314	# <i>rm stage3-x86-freebsd-6.2_rc2.tar.bz2</i>
207	</pre>
208
209	<p>
210	Before chrooting into the newly-extracted stage, you first must obtain an
211	up-to-date copy of the Gentoo/FreeBSD overlay. The easiest way to achieve this
212	is to to get our latest snapshot which you then extract to
213	<path>/mnt/gentoo/usr/local/portage</path>.
214	</p>	315	</pre>
215		316
216	<pre caption="Getting the Gentoo/FreeBSD Portage overlay">	317	<note>
217	# <i>cd /mnt/gentoo/usr/local/portage</i>	318	If you want you can use the transition overlay that contains semi-experimental
218	# <i>wget http://gentoo.osuosl.org/experimental/snapshots/portage-alt-overlay-latest.tar.bz2</i>	319	ebuilds with patches not yet in the main Portage tree, but does allow a wider
219	# <i>tar -xjf portage-alt-overlay-latest.tar.bz2</i>	320	range of supported packages, please refer to the <uri
220	<comment>(You now can safely delete the snapshot with the following command.)</comment>
221	# <i>rm portage-alt-overlay-latest.tar.bz2</i>
222	</pre>
223
224	<p>
225	Alternatively, you can also use Subversion to check out the current version of
226	the overlay. If you are interested in this possibility, please refer to the
227	<uri
228	link="/proj/en/gentoo-alt/contribute/index.xml?part=1&chap=3">Gentoo/ALT	321	link="/proj/en/gentoo-alt/contribute/index.xml?part=1&chap=3">Gentoo/ALT
229	overlay documentation</uri>.	322	overlay documentation</uri>. Please note that the overlay is not critical and
230	</p>	323	you can easily install and use Gentoo/FreeBSD without it.
		324	</note>
231		325
232	<p>	326	<p>
233	In order for your install to work, you need to mount the <path>/dev</path>	327	In order for your install to work, you need to mount the <path>/dev</path>
234	filesystem from the currently running system into the Gentoo/FreeBSD mount	328	filesystem from the currently running system into the Gentoo/FreeBSD mount
235	point before proceeding with the chroot.	329	point before proceeding with the chroot.
…		…
237		331
238	<pre caption="Mounting the /dev filesystem and chrooting">	332	<pre caption="Mounting the /dev filesystem and chrooting">
239	# <i>mount -t devfs none /mnt/gentoo/dev/</i>	333	# <i>mount -t devfs none /mnt/gentoo/dev/</i>
240	# <i>cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc</i>	334	# <i>cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc</i>
241	# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo/ /bin/bash</i>	335	# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo/ /bin/bash</i>
242	# <i>source /etc/profile</i>	336	# <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i>
243	</pre>	337	</pre>
244		338
245	<p>	339	<p>
246	After you got hold of the Gentoo/FreeBSD overlay, it's time to link	340	After you obtain the Gentoo/FreeBSD overlay, it's time to link
247	<path>/etc/make.profile</path> to the correct profile and add get your	341	<path>/etc/make.profile</path> to the correct profile and get your
248	<path>/etc/make.conf</path> ready for Gentoo/FreeBSD.	342	<path>/etc/make.conf</path> ready for Gentoo/FreeBSD.
249	</p>	343	</p>
250		344
251	<p>	345	<p>
252	Now, you have to obtain a copy of the main Gentoo Portage tree, which depending	346	Now, you have to obtain a copy of the main Gentoo Portage tree, which depending
…		…
261	# <i>tar -xjf portage-latest.tar.bz2 -C /usr/</i>	355	# <i>tar -xjf portage-latest.tar.bz2 -C /usr/</i>
262	# <i>emerge --metadata</i>	356	# <i>emerge --metadata</i>
263	</pre>	357	</pre>
264		358
265	<pre caption="Setting up the profile and editing /etc/make.conf">	359	<pre caption="Setting up the profile and editing /etc/make.conf">
266	# <i>ln -sf /usr/local/portage/portage-alt-overlay/profiles/default-bsd/fbsd/6.0/x86/ /etc/make.profile</i>	360	# <i>ln -sf /usr/portage/profiles/default-bsd/fbsd/6.2/x86/ /etc/make.profile</i>
267	<comment>(FreeBSD's standard editor is ee, which is used to edit /etc/make.conf)</comment>
268	# <i>ee /etc/make.conf</i>	361	# <i>nano /etc/make.conf</i>
269	<comment>(Please make sure you add at least the following entries:)</comment>	362	<comment>(Please make sure you add at least the following entries:)</comment>
270	CHOST="i686-gentoo-freebsd6.0"	363	CHOST="i486-gentoo-freebsd6.2"
271	ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86-fbsd"
272	FEATURES="-sandbox collision-protect"	364	FEATURES="collision-protect"
273	PORTDIR_OVERLAY="/usr/local/portage/portage-alt-overlay"
274	</pre>	365	</pre>
275		366
276	<note>	367	<note>
277	You can have a very limited system by using ~x86-fbsd keyword alone; you might	368	The <c>~x86-fbsd</c> keyword does not yet fully cover the same tree as
278	want to put ~x86 in your ACCEPT_KEYWORDS if you want access to more packages	369	<c>~x86</c>, but please <e>do not</e> put <c>~x86</c> in ACCEPT_KEYWORDS. Rather
279	but you might find broken dependencies and non-working packages; please rather	370	use <path>/etc/portage/package.keywords</path> to test packages, and report
280	use package.keywords when testing packages and report working ones on <uri	371	working packages on <uri
281	link="http://bugs.gentoo.org">Bugzilla</uri> for the product Gentoo/Alt.	372	link="http://bugs.gentoo.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Gentoo%2FAlt">Bugzilla</uri>.
282	</note>	373	</note>
283		374
284	<p>	375	<p>
285	In order to boot correctly, you will need to create the <path>/proc</path>
286	directory.
287	</p>
288
289	<pre caption="Creating the /proc directory">
290	# <i>mkdir /proc</i>
291	</pre>
292
293	<p>
294	If you want, you can now rebuild the system's core packages.	376	If you want, you can now rebuild the system's core packages.
295	</p>	377	</p>
296		378
297	<pre caption="Rebuilding the FreeBSD core packages (Optional)">	379	<pre caption="Rebuilding the FreeBSD core packages (optional)">
298	# <i>emerge -e system</i>	380	# <i>emerge -e system</i>
299	</pre>	381	</pre>
300		382
		383	</body>
		384	</section>
		385	</chapter>
		386	<chapter>
		387	<title>Setting up for Booting</title>
		388	<section>
		389	<title>Kernel Installation</title>
		390	<body>
		391
301	<p>	392	<p>
302	When you did <c>emerge -e system</c>, the sources for the FreeBSD kernel got	393	If you ran <c>emerge -e system</c>, the sources for the FreeBSD kernel were
303	installed to <path>/usr/src/sys</path>. If you skipped this step, you can get	394	installed to <path>/usr/src/sys</path>. If you skipped this step, you can get
304	them in the following way:	395	them in the following way:
305	</p>	396	</p>
306		397
307	<pre caption="Geting the FreeBSD kernel sources">	398	<pre caption="Getting the FreeBSD kernel sources">
308	# <i>emerge freebsd-sources</i>	399	# <i>emerge freebsd-sources</i>
309	</pre>	400	</pre>
310		401
311	<p>	402	<p>
312	Configuring and compiling a custom kernel is really different from compiling	403	Configuring and compiling a custom kernel is quite different from compiling
313	Linux, so if you are not familiar with the process we encourage you to have a	404	Linux, so if you are not familiar with the process we encourage you to have a
314	look at <uri	405	look at <uri
315	link="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html">	406	link="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html">
316	chapter 8</uri> of the FreeBSD handbook.	407	chapter 8</uri> of the FreeBSD handbook. For now, you can do an installation of
317	</p>	408	the GENERIC kernel, which works on most systems. To begin, enter the source
318		409	directory for the kernel:
319	<p>	410	</p>
		411
		412	<impo>
320	Please note that currently only the "Traditional" way of building the kernel is	413	Please note that currently only the "Traditional" way of building the kernel is
321	supported on Gentoo/FreeBSD! Also note that <c>make install</c> will probably	414	supported on Gentoo/FreeBSD!
322	ask you for a <path>/boot/device.hints</path> file. A default version can be	415	</impo>
323	found in the <path>conf</path> subdirectory of the <c>GENERIC</c> configuration	416
324	and is called <path>GENERIC.hints</path>.	417	<pre caption="Entering the kernel source directory">
		418	# <i>cd /usr/src/sys/</i>
		419	</pre>
		420
325	</p>	421	<p>
326		422	Looking over the layout, you'll see various architectures and subdirectories
		423	for various parts of the kernel. To begin the installation, we head into the
		424	<path>i386/conf/</path> directory:
327	<p>	425	</p>
328	Now is the time to do some basic system configuration and settings. First, we	426
329	are going to setup the filesystem mounting points in <path>/etc/fstab</path>.	427	<pre caption="The kernel configuration directory">
		428	# <i>cd i386/conf/</i>
		429	# <i>ls</i>
		430	.cvsignore GENERIC Makefile PAE
		431	DEFAULTS GENERIC.hints NOTES SMP
		432	</pre>
		433
330	</p>	434	<p>
331		435	The main files to note are <path>GENERIC</path> and <path>GENERIC.hints</path>.
332	<pre caption="Editing the filesystem in /etc/fstab">	436	As it will be needed by the installation of the kernel, go ahead and copy
333	# <i>ee /etc/fstab</i>	437	<path>GENERIC.hints</path> file to <path>/boot/device.hints</path>:
334	<comment>(This is an example, replace X and Y with the correct numbers for your hard disk.)</comment>
335	#Device Mountpoint Fstype Options Dump Pass
336	/dev/adXsYb none swap sw 0 0
337	/dev/adXsYa / ufs rw 1 1
338	/dev/adXsYe /usr/home ufs rw 2 2
339	/dev/adXsYd /tmp ufs rw 2 2
340	/dev/acdX /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0
341	</pre>
342
343	<p>	438	</p>
344	Now would also be a good time to set up your network connection before the final	439
345	reboot.	440	<pre caption="Copying over the GENERIC.hints file">
		441	# <i>cp GENERIC.hints /boot/device.hints</i>
		442	</pre>
		443
346	</p>	444	<p>
347		445	This file is used by the kernel drivers for basic configuration information
		446	such as IRQ settings. Now it's time to configure the kernel. FreeBSD uses the
		447	<c>config</c> command to do this. <c>config</c> uses the given file (in this
		448	instance GENERIC) to copy over the required build files to a
		449	<path>compile</path> directory in the parent directory. <path>GENERIC</path> is
		450	similiar to the <path>.config</path> file for the Linux kernel. Run
		451	<c>config</c> to produce the build directory:
348	<p>	452	</p>
349	You can find all the information necessary to configure your network in the	453
350	<uri link="/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=4&chap=1">Gentoo	454	<pre caption="Configuring the kernel build">
351	Handbook</uri>.	455	# <i>config GENERIC</i>
		456	Kernel build directory is ../compile/GENERIC
		457	Don't forget to ''make cleandepend; make depend''
		458	</pre>
		459
352	</p>	460	<p>
353		461	<c>config</c> has created a GENERIC build directory for us in the parent
		462	directory. <c>cd</c> into it, then run the following to do a complete build:
354	<p>	463	</p>
355	To have your network interface activated at boot time, you have to add it to	464
356	the default runlevel.	465	<pre caption="Building and installing the kernel">
		466	# <i>cd ../compile/GENERIC</i>
		467	# <i>make cleandepend && make depend && make && make install</i>
		468	</pre>
		469
357	</p>	470	<p>
358		471	This will give us a complete kernel to work with. Now we'll need to setup the
359	<pre caption="Adding your network adapter to the default runlevel">	472	bootloader for the kernel to boot. The next chapter will discuss two methods of
360	# <i>rc-update add net.rl0 default</i>	473	setting up the bootloader: <c>boot0</c> and <c>grub</c>.
361	</pre>
362
363	<p>	474	</p>
364	Your system's hostname can be changed in <path>/etc/conf.d/hostname</path>.
365	</p>
366		475
367	<pre caption="Setting up the machine's hostname">	476	</body>
368	# <i>ee /etc/conf.d/hostname</i>	477	</section>
369	<comment>(Set the HOSTNAME variable to your hostname)</comment>	478	<section>
370	HOSTNAME="tux"	479	<title>Setting up the bootloader (boot0)</title>
371	</pre>	480	<body>
372
373	<p>
374	You should also configure your domain name, which is done in the
375	<path>/etc/conf.d/domainname</path> file:
376	</p>
377
378	<pre caption="Setting the domainname">
379	# <i>ee /etc/conf.d/domainname</i>
380	<comment>(Set the DNSDOMAIN variable to your domain name)</comment>
381	DNSDOMAIN="homenetwork"
382	</pre>
383
384	<p>
385	If you have a NIS domain, you need to define it in the
386	<path>/etc/conf.d/domainname</path> file:
387	</p>
388
389	<pre caption="Setting the NIS domainname">
390	# <i>ee /etc/conf.d/domainname</i>
391	<comment>(Set the NISDOMAIN variable to your NIS domain name)</comment>
392	NISDOMAIN="my-nisdomain"
393	</pre>
394
395	<p>
396	In case you need to use another keyboard layout for your language, you have to
397	set the correct value in <path>/etc/conf.d/syscons</path>. The following example
398	uses the Spanish layout, so you'll have to adjust it to your need if you want to
399	use another one.
400	</p>
401
402	<pre caption="Changing your keyboard layout (Optional)">
403	# <i>ee /etc/conf.d/syscons</i>
404	KEYMAP="spanish.iso.acc"
405	<comment>(Possible layouts can be found in /usr/share/syscons/keymaps).</comment>
406	</pre>
407		481
408	<impo>	482	<impo>
409	Please make absolutely sure you add your new Gentoo/FreeBSD installation to the	483	<c>boot0</c> is the FreeBSD bootloader. Previously, it was the only supported
410	configuration of your bootloader, otherwise you won't be able to boot your newly	484	bootloader until <c>grub</c> was introduced into ports with UFS slice support.
411	installed system! If you don't have another bootloader installed, you should use	485	To install and configure <c>boot0</c>, run the following. Remember to replace
412	<c>boot0</c>, as it is currently the only one supported by FreeBSD. In this case	486	<c>adXsY</c> with the actual number and slice of your disk.
413	please don't forget to use your other operating systems to <c>boot0</c>'s
414	configuration.
415	</impo>	487	</impo>
416		488
417	<pre caption="Installing and setting up boot0">	489	<pre caption="Installing and setting up boot0">
418	# <i>emerge boot0</i>	490	# <i>emerge boot0</i>
419	<comment>(Leave the chroot environment)</comment>	491	<comment>(Leave the chroot environment)</comment>
…		…
426		498
427	<p>	499	<p>
428	If you need additional information on setting up <c>boot0</c>, please consult	500	If you need additional information on setting up <c>boot0</c>, please consult
429	<uri	501	<uri
430	link="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot.html">chapter	502	link="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot.html">chapter
431	12</uri> of the FreeBSD handbook.	503	12</uri> of the FreeBSD handbook. Now it's time to do some basic system
		504	configuration and settings.
		505	</p>
		506
432	</p>	507	<p>
		508	The next section will look at using the alternative bootloader, <c>grub</c>.
		509	</p>
		510
		511	</body>
		512	</section>
		513	<section>
		514	<title>Setting up the bootloader (grub)</title>
		515	<body>
		516
		517	<p>
		518	As of grub 0.97-r1, UFS slices are readable to <c>grub</c>. This lets us use
		519	<c>grub</c> as a bootloader, the prefered method for those coming from a Linux
		520	background. To begin, emerge <c>grub</c> and setup the label as bootable.
		521	Remember to replace <c>adXsY</c> with the actual number and slice of your disk.
		522	</p>
		523
		524	<pre caption="Emerge grub">
		525	# <i>emerge grub</i>
		526	# <i>disklabel -B adXsY</i>
		527	</pre>
		528
		529	<p>
		530	Now run <c>grub</c> to bring up the command prompt, and set up the partition as
		531	shown:
		532	</p>
		533
		534	<pre caption="Setting up grub">
		535	<comment>(This is done to prevent disk error 29)</comment>
		536	# <i>sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16</i>
		537	# <i>grub</i>
		538	<comment>(Example using ad0s1d)</comment>
		539	grub> <i>root (hd0,0,d)</i>
		540	Filesystem type is ufs2, partition type 0xa5
		541
		542	grub> <i>setup (hd0)</i>
		543	Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
		544	Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
		545	Checking if "/boot/grub/ufs2_stage1_5" exists... yes
		546	Running "embed /boot/grub/ufs2_stage1_5 (hd0)"... 14 sectors are embedded.
		547	succeeded
		548	Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0)1+14 p (hd0,0,d)/boot/grub/stage
		549	2 /boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded
		550	Done.
		551
		552	grub> quit
		553	</pre>
		554
		555	<p>
		556	When you first boot, you may not receive a grub menu. If so, run this at the
		557	prompt:
		558	</p>
		559
		560	<pre caption="Booting the kernel with no menu">
		561	grub> <i>find /boot/grub/stage1</i>
		562	<comment>(The output here is what you'll use in the next command)</comment>
		563	(hd0,0,d)
		564
		565	grub> <i>kernel (hd0,0,d)/boot/loader</i>
		566	[FreeBSD-a.out, loadaddr=0x200000, text=0x1000, data=0x3a000, bss=0x0, entry=0x200000]
		567
		568	grub> <i>boot</i>
		569	</pre>
		570
		571	<note>
		572	For more information on configuring grub, please refer to the <uri
		573	link="/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=10#doc_chap2">Gentoo
		574	Linux Handbook</uri>.
		575	</note>
		576
		577	</body>
		578	</section>
		579	<section>
		580	<title>System configuration</title>
		581	<body>
		582
		583	<p>
		584	First, we are going to setup the filesystem mounting points in
		585	<path>/etc/fstab</path>.
		586	</p>
		587
		588	<pre caption="Editing the filesystem in /etc/fstab">
		589	# <i>nano /etc/fstab</i>
		590	<comment>(This is an example, replace X and Y with the correct numbers for your hard disk.)</comment>
		591	#Device Mountpoint Fstype Options Dump Pass
		592	/dev/adXsYb none swap sw 0 0
		593	/dev/adXsYa / ufs rw 1 1
		594	/dev/adXsYe /usr/home ufs rw 2 2
		595	/dev/adXsYd /tmp ufs rw 2 2
		596	/dev/acdX /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0
		597	</pre>
		598
		599	<p>
		600	Now would also be a good time to set up your network connection before the final
		601	reboot. You can find all the information necessary to configure your network in
		602	the <uri link="/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=4&chap=1">Gentoo
		603	Handbook</uri>. To have your network interface activated at boot time, you have
		604	to add it to the default runlevel:
		605	</p>
		606
		607	<pre caption="Adding your network adapter to the default runlevel">
		608	# <i>rc-update add net.fxp0 default</i>
		609	</pre>
		610
		611	<p>
		612	Your system's hostname can be changed in <path>/etc/conf.d/hostname</path>.
		613	</p>
		614
		615	<pre caption="Setting up the machine's hostname">
		616	# <i>nano /etc/conf.d/hostname</i>
		617	<comment>(Set the HOSTNAME variable to your hostname)</comment>
		618	HOSTNAME="tux"
		619	</pre>
		620
		621	<p>
		622	You should also configure your domain name, which is done in the
		623	<path>/etc/conf.d/domainname</path> file:
		624	</p>
		625
		626	<pre caption="Setting the domainname">
		627	# <i>nano /etc/conf.d/domainname</i>
		628	<comment>(Set the dns_domain variable to your domain name, and lo to your local
		629	network interface)</comment>
		630	dns_domain_lo="homenetwork"
		631	</pre>
		632
		633	<p>
		634	If you have a NIS domain, you need to define it in the
		635	<path>/etc/conf.d/domainname</path> file:
		636	</p>
		637
		638	<pre caption="Setting the NIS domainname">
		639	# <i>nano /etc/conf.d/domainname</i>
		640	<comment>(Set the nis_domain variable to your NIS domain name, and lo to your local network interface)</comment>
		641	nis_domain_lo="my-nisdomain"
		642	</pre>
		643
		644	<note>
		645	For more information on domainnames and networking, please refer to the <uri
		646	link="/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=8#doc_chap2">Gentoo
		647	Linux Handbook</uri>, and please read the documentation in
		648	<path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path>.
		649	</note>
		650
		651	<p>
		652	In case you need to use another keyboard layout for your language, you have to
		653	set the correct value in <path>/etc/conf.d/syscons</path>. The following example
		654	uses the Spanish layout, so you'll have to adjust it to your need if you want to
		655	use another one.
		656	</p>
		657
		658	<pre caption="Changing your keyboard layout (Optional)">
		659	# <i>nano /etc/conf.d/syscons</i>
		660	KEYMAP="spanish.iso.acc"
		661	<comment>(Possible layouts can be found in /usr/share/syscons/keymaps).</comment>
		662	</pre>
433		663
434	<p>	664	<p>
435	Now would be a good time to set a password for the <c>root</c> user and to add	665	Now would be a good time to set a password for the <c>root</c> user and to add
436	another user account for your day-to-day work.	666	another user account for your day-to-day work.
437	</p>	667	</p>
438		668
439	<pre caption="Changing the root password and adding a new user">	669	<pre caption="Changing the root password and adding a new user">
440	# <i>passwd</i>	670	# <i>passwd</i>
441	<comment>(If you need help in adding a user please consult the FreeBSD handbook).</comment>
442	# <i>adduser</i>	671	# <i>adduser</i>
		672	Username: <i>fred</i>
		673	Full Name: <i>Fred Smith</i>
		674	<comment>(Accepting the default here, just hit Enter.)</comment>
		675	Uid (Leave empty for default):
		676	<comment>(OK to accept the default here as well; hit Enter.)</comment>
		677	Login group [fred]:
		678	<comment>(Enter your groups here, space separated. They must exist.)</comment>
		679	Login group is fred. Invite fred into other groups? []: wheel portage
		680	<comment>(OK to accept the default here, hit Enter)</comment>
		681	Login class [default]:
		682	<comment>(Somewhat of a personal preference. Make sure the shell exists in /etc/shells)</comment>
		683	Shell (sh bash tcsh csh esh ksh zsh sash nologin) [sh] <i>bash</i>
		684	<comment>(OK to accept the default here, hit Enter for all these)</comment>
		685	User password-based authentication [yes]
		686	Use an empty password (yes/no) [no]:
		687	Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]:
		688	Enter password: <i>password goes here</i>
		689	Enter password again: <i>retype it</i>
		690	<comment>(OK to accept the default here, hit Enter)</comment>
		691	Lock out the account after creation? [no]:
		692	Username : fred
		693	Password : *****
		694	Full Name : Fred Smith
		695	<comment>(This will vary)</comment>
		696	Uid : 1002
		697	Class :
		698	Groups : fred wheel portage
		699	Home : /home/fred
		700	Shell : /bin/bash
		701	Locked : no
		702	<comment>(Confirm the information is correct)</comment>
		703	OK? (yes/no): <i>yes</i>
		704	adduser: INFO: Sucessfully added (fred) to the user database
		705	Add another user? (yes/no): <i>no</i>
		706	Goodbye!
		707	#
443	</pre>	708	</pre>
444		709
445	<p>	710	<p>
446	Congratulations, you have just finished your Gentoo/FreeBSD installation which	711	Congratulations, you have just finished your Gentoo/FreeBSD installation which
447	you can start exploring after the final reboot. Have fun!	712	you can start exploring after the final reboot. Have fun!
…		…
489	will be discovered, which helps us improving the quality of the port. If	754	will be discovered, which helps us improving the quality of the port. If
490	you are good at describing bugs or problems, we definitely want to hear	755	you are good at describing bugs or problems, we definitely want to hear
491	from you.	756	from you.
492	</li>	757	</li>
493	<li>	758	<li>
494	Other areas where we need help include: system ebuilds, baselayout,	759	Other areas where we need help include: system ebuilds, creation of
495	creation of installation CDs, documentation, kernel hacking.	760	installation CDs, documentation, kernel hacking.
496	</li>	761	</li>
497	</ul>	762	</ul>
498		763
499	</body>	764	</body>
500	</section>	765	</section>
…		…
510		775
511	<ul>	776	<ul>
512	<li>	777	<li>
513	Some init scripts depend on the clock service which we don't provide right	778	Some init scripts depend on the clock service which we don't provide right
514	now. You can just remove it from the dependencies of the script and report	779	now. You can just remove it from the dependencies of the script and report
515	that on our <uri link="http://bugs.gentoo.org/">bugzilla</uri>. Please	780	that on our <uri link="http://bugs.gentoo.org/">Bugzilla</uri>. Please
516	remember to use the "Gentoo BSD" product for your submission.	781	remember to use the "Gentoo/Alt" product for your submission.
517	</li>
518	<li>glib and gnome in general need a lot of fixes to be backported.</li>
519	<li>
520	The init system currently provided by Gentoo/FreeBSD's baselayout package is
521	not the same version used by Gentoo Linux and lacks some of its features. Work
522	on making newer versions working is underway.
523	</li>	782	</li>
524	</ul>	783	</ul>
525		784
526	</body>	785	</body>
527	</section>	786	</section>

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