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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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|
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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<guide link="/doc/en/gentoo-kernel.xml"> |
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<title>Gentoo Linux Kernel Guide</title> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Contributor"> |
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<mail link="lostlogic@gentoo.org">Brandon Low</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="carl@gentoo.org">Carl Anderson</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="peesh@gentoo.org">Jorge Paulo</mail> |
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</author> |
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|
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<license/> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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This document gives you an overview on all kernelsources that Gentoo |
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provides through Portage. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<version>0.2</version> |
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<date>October 18, 2003</date> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<section> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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As with everything else in Gentoo Linux, the philosophy of the Gentoo |
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Kernel team is to give you, the user, as much freedom of choice as |
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possible. If you take a look at the output of <c>emerge -s sources</c> |
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you see a large variety of kernels to choose from. In this document, |
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I will attempt to give you a brief rundown of the goals of each of the |
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patch sets, which we at Gentoo design, and also explain the other kernel |
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sources we make available to you. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>The Choices, Part I</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>gentoo-sources</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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For most users, the recommended kernel sources are the |
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<c>gentoo-sources</c>. The <c>gentoo-sources</c> package contains |
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specially tuned performance kernel patches designed to optimize tasks |
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such as compiling while listening to music and browsing the web. Most |
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of you who are new to Gentoo have probably never run a system where you |
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are regularly compiling many packages from source while you are doing your |
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normal everyday tasks on your computer. |
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You may find that if you use the <c>vanilla-sources</c> (the official |
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kernel sources released from <uri>http://www.kernel.org</uri>) normal tasks -- |
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such as listening to music, moving your mouse and the like -- may appear |
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jumpy when you are compiling packages. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The <c>gentoo-sources</c> contain an updated ACPI subsystem and are based |
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on Con Kolivas' high-performance kernel patches (<c>ck-sources</c>). We also |
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support grSecurity (a set of security-related patches with support for |
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ACLs), EVMS(2) (a highly flexible storage management filesystem with easy |
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partition resizing), JFS (IBM's high-performance filesystem), the latest |
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NTFS drivers, and more. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Because the <c>gentoo-sources</c> are targeted at full performance, they are |
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also very good for gaming purposes. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The following USE-flags can be set to select optional patches: |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr><th>Flag</th><th>Description</th></tr> |
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<tr><ti>aavm</ti><ti>Use Andrea Arcangeli's memory management</ti></tr> |
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<tr><ti>evms2</ti><ti>Use EVMS 2.0.1 instead of EVMS 1.2.1</ti></tr> |
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<tr><ti>crypt</ti><ti>Apply Cryptographic patches</ti></tr> |
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<tr><ti>usagi</ti><ti>Keep USAGI, drop superfreeswan, patch-int, loop-jari</ti></tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>vanilla-sources</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The next kernel sources that many of you will probably be familiar with |
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as Linux users are the <c>vanilla-sources</c>. As I mentioned briefly |
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above, these are the official kernel sources released on |
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<uri>http://www.kernel.org/</uri>. These sources are maintained (contrary |
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to popular belief) not by Linus Torvalds himself, but by Marcelo |
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Tosatti. Linus is the leader of active kernel development, but as he is |
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only one man, he passes off the maintenance of the stable kernel branch |
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to someone he can trust to handle it once it has stabilized. Thus, Alan |
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Cox became the maintainer of the Linux-2.2 kernel series and Marcelo |
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Tosatti became the maintainer of the Linux-2.4 kernel series. This is |
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what all the other patch sets in the 2.4 series are based on. Marcelo has |
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been doing an outstanding job with its maintenance and it can be |
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counted on for stability and up-to-date (if not bleeding edge) hardware |
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support. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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<c>vanilla-sources</c> are probably the most stable sources available |
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since they are the most tested and all possible kernel sources are based |
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on them. If you don't need any of the extras that the other kernels supply |
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then the <c>vanilla-sources</c> are your thing. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>gs-sources</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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For users to whom desktop interactive performance comes as a secondary |
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priority to reliability and hardware support, we have the |
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<c>gs-sources</c>. GS stands for Gentoo Stable (creative, aren't we?). |
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This patch set is tuned and tested to provide the best support for the |
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latest hardware and ensures that your mission critical servers will be |
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up when you need them. This kernel doesn't have some of the most |
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aggressive performance tuning patches from the <c>gentoo-sources</c>, |
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but rest assured, the great performance that you know and love from the |
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vanilla kernels are alive and well. Where possible and without |
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compromising stability we add server related performance patches. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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This kernel provides support for the latest ACPI subsystem, EVMS, ECC |
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(required for HA Linux systems), Encrypted Loopback devices, NTFS, Win4Lin |
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and XFS. It also contains updates for IDE, ext3 and several network cards |
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amongst other patches. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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In other words, these sources are perfect for servers and |
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High-Availability systems. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The following USE-flags can be set to select optional patches: |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr><th>Flags</th><th>Description</th></tr> |
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<tr><ti>crypt</ti><ti>Apply cryptographic patches</ti></tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>gentoo-test-sources</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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<c>gentoo-test-sources</c> are what will become <c>gentoo-sources</c> after |
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lots of testing and QA. Patches to the <c>gentoo-sources</c> are first |
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added to <c>gentoo-test-sources</c> for testing. So if you want the |
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performance of <c>gentoo-sources</c> with the most recent possible |
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patches, use <c>gentoo-test-sources</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The following USE-flags can be set to select optional patches: |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr><th>Flag</th><th>Description</th></tr> |
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<tr><ti>aavm</ti><ti>Use Andrea Arcangeli's memory management</ti></tr> |
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<tr><ti>evms2</ti><ti>Use EVMS 2.0.1 instead of EVMS 1.2.1</ti></tr> |
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<tr><ti>crypt</ti><ti>Apply Cryptographic patches</ti></tr> |
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<tr><ti>usagi</ti><ti>Keep USAGI, drop superfreeswan, patch-int, loop-jari</ti></tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>hardened-sources</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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<c>hardened-sources</c> provides patches for the various subprojects of |
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Gentoo Hardened, together with stability/security-enhancements. Check |
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<uri>http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/hardened/</uri> for more information. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The following USE-flags can be set to select optional patches: |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr><th>Flags</th><th>Description</th></tr> |
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<tr><ti>selinux</ti><ti>Substitute grSecurity with SELinux support</ti></tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>xfs-sources</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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<c>xfs-sources</c> contains support for EVMS, ACPI, grSecurity and, what |
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you probably already figured out by now, the latest XFS support patches |
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from the XFS Development. The Gentoo LiveCD uses <c>xfs-sources</c>, if |
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you must know :-) |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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More information about XFS on <uri>http://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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You can select the following USE-flags to select optional patches: |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr><th>Flags</th><th>Description</th></tr> |
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<tr><ti>crypt</ti><ti>Apply cryptographic patches</ti></tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Architecture dependent kernels</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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<c>alpha-sources</c>, <c>arm-sources</c>, <c>hppa-sources</c>, |
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<c>mips-sources</c>, <c>ppc-sources</c> and <c>sparc-sources</c> are, as |
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their names suggest, patched to run best on specific architectures. They |
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also contain some of the patches for hardware and features support from |
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the other patch sets mentioned above and below. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>ppc-sources-benh</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The <c>ppc-sources-benh</c> ebuilds provide additional hardware |
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support for the <c>ppc-sources</c> kernel. It is slightly more |
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experimental than the <c>ppc-sources</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>ppc-sources-crypto</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The <c>ppc-sources-crypto</c> ebuilds provide CryptoAPI |
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support for the Gentoo Linux PPC Kernel. More information about |
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CryptoAPI can be found on <uri>http://www.kerneli.org/about/</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>ppc-sources-dev</title> |
| 280 |
<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The <c>ppc-sources-dev</c> packages provide the development sources for |
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<c>ppc-sources</c>. Every patch which should become part of |
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<c>ppc-sources</c> has to go through <c>ppc-sources-dev</c> first. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>compaq-sources</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The <c>compaq-sources</c> provide RedHat's kernel sources for Alpha, |
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maintained by Compaq. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>The Choices, Part II</title> |
| 305 |
<section> |
| 306 |
<body> |
| 307 |
|
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<p> |
| 309 |
Now I'm going to try to briefly describe some of the other |
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<path>sys-kernel/*-sources</path> which you saw scroll by when you ran |
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<c>emerge -s sources</c>. Lets take them in alphabetical order. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>aa-sources</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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First we have <c>aa-sources</c>. This is Andrea Arcangeli's patch set. |
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Andrea is known as an amazing coder by many other kernel hackers. His |
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kernel patch set has some of the most aggressively tuned VM (Virtual |
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Memory) patches known to mankind. When I last looked, it also contained |
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SGI's XFS filesystem and the O(1) scheduler by Ingo Molar (which will |
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become the default scheduler for Linux 2.6). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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It also provides User Mode Linux support (check out our |
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<uri link="/doc/en/uml.xml">UML Guide</uri> for more information) and |
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the latest TUX Webserver (an in-kernel webserver). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you have Memory Management troubles with other kernels, |
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<c>aa-sources</c> can be your solution. If you want to optimize Linux's |
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Memory Management for your system, <c>aa-sources</c> is <e>definitely</e> |
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what you need. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Visit |
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<uri>http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/andrea/kernels/v2.4</uri> |
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for more information about all the patches in these kernel sources. |
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</p> |
| 347 |
|
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</body> |
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</section> |
| 350 |
<section> |
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<title>ac-sources</title> |
| 352 |
<body> |
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|
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<p> |
| 355 |
Next we have the <c>ac-sources</c>. This is Alan Cox's patch set against |
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the 2.4 kernel series. In this patch set you will find the O(1) |
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scheduler, the latest updates to the 2.4 IDE system and many other |
| 358 |
patches that are waiting for possible inclusion in the 2.4 kernel |
| 359 |
series. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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This kernel is known to have very decent support for several additional |
| 364 |
hardware and may be a candidate for you if you need a stable but less |
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conservative kernel than the <c>vanilla-sources</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Check out |
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<uri>http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/alan/linux-2.4/</uri> |
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to get a look at what Alan is working on. |
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</p> |
| 373 |
|
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</body> |
| 375 |
</section> |
| 376 |
<section> |
| 377 |
<title>ck-sources</title> |
| 378 |
<body> |
| 379 |
|
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<p> |
| 381 |
<c>ck-sources</c> is Con Kolivas's kernel patch set. This kernel is |
| 382 |
<e>HIGHLY</e> tuned for desktop performance at the expense of |
| 383 |
throughput and some of the scheduler's ability to prioritize |
| 384 |
applications. Con Kolivas benchmarks kernels to find the best |
| 385 |
combination of features for desktop use. See |
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<uri>http://kernel.kolivas.org</uri> for more information on Con and his |
| 387 |
patches. |
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</p> |
| 389 |
|
| 390 |
</body> |
| 391 |
</section> |
| 392 |
<section> |
| 393 |
<title>development-sources</title> |
| 394 |
<body> |
| 395 |
|
| 396 |
<p> |
| 397 |
<c>development-sources</c> is the current unstable kernel branch. This |
| 398 |
is the branch of the Linux kernel that Linus himself maintains. This |
| 399 |
rapidly changing playground is where the features for the next stable |
| 400 |
branch are implemented, enhanced and tested before they are released |
| 401 |
to the vast majority of Linux users. |
| 402 |
</p> |
| 403 |
|
| 404 |
<p> |
| 405 |
If you want the latest, bleeding edge support and experimental core-system |
| 406 |
changes, this is what you want. Note however that these are <e>highly</e> |
| 407 |
experimental kernel sources and it is advised <e>not</e> to use them on mission |
| 408 |
critical or production systems. |
| 409 |
</p> |
| 410 |
|
| 411 |
<warn> |
| 412 |
Do note that Gentoo Linux does not support issues with or related |
| 413 |
to the <c>development-sources</c> or derivatives as it changes too often |
| 414 |
and is known to break things occasionally. |
| 415 |
</warn> |
| 416 |
|
| 417 |
</body> |
| 418 |
</section> |
| 419 |
<section> |
| 420 |
<title>gaming-sources</title> |
| 421 |
<body> |
| 422 |
|
| 423 |
<p> |
| 424 |
<c>gaming-sources</c> are based on <c>ck-sources</c> and are therefore |
| 425 |
tuned for high performance. They also contain patches for the latest |
| 426 |
game-related hardware (graphic cards, sound cards, and such). |
| 427 |
</p> |
| 428 |
|
| 429 |
<p> |
| 430 |
If you are a hardcore gamer, this is your choice. |
| 431 |
</p> |
| 432 |
|
| 433 |
</body> |
| 434 |
</section> |
| 435 |
<section> |
| 436 |
<title>mm-sources</title> |
| 437 |
<body> |
| 438 |
|
| 439 |
<p> |
| 440 |
The <c>mm-sources</c> are based on the <c>development-sources</c> and |
| 441 |
contain Andrew Morton's patch set. It assembles several other patches, |
| 442 |
like ext2/3 Extended Attributes and Access Control Lists, Page Table |
| 443 |
Sharing, the Orlov Allocator, non-linear mapping behaviour, etc into one |
| 444 |
patch set. |
| 445 |
</p> |
| 446 |
|
| 447 |
<p> |
| 448 |
If you really want to live on the edge and you think |
| 449 |
<c>development-sources</c> are for wussies, then try out |
| 450 |
<c>mm-sources</c>. |
| 451 |
</p> |
| 452 |
|
| 453 |
</body> |
| 454 |
</section> |
| 455 |
<section> |
| 456 |
<title>mosix-sources</title> |
| 457 |
<body> |
| 458 |
|
| 459 |
<p> |
| 460 |
The <c>mosix-sources</c> are patched to support MOSIX operation for |
| 461 |
clustered computing. A cluster is a set of nodes (PCs) with software |
| 462 |
that enables them to handle tasks in a distributed manner. With |
| 463 |
clusters, you don't need high-profile supercomputers to do lengthy |
| 464 |
tasks. For more information see <uri>http://www.mosix.org</uri>. |
| 465 |
</p> |
| 466 |
|
| 467 |
</body> |
| 468 |
</section> |
| 469 |
<section> |
| 470 |
<title>openmosix-sources</title> |
| 471 |
<body> |
| 472 |
|
| 473 |
<p> |
| 474 |
The <c>openmosix-sources</c> are patched to support the openMosix system |
| 475 |
(like MOSIX but Open Source). For more information see |
| 476 |
<uri>http://www.openmosix.org</uri>. |
| 477 |
</p> |
| 478 |
|
| 479 |
</body> |
| 480 |
</section> |
| 481 |
|
| 482 |
<!-- |
| 483 |
TODO: Add descriptions of the other ppc-sources here |
| 484 |
--> |
| 485 |
|
| 486 |
<section> |
| 487 |
<title>redhat-sources</title> |
| 488 |
<body> |
| 489 |
|
| 490 |
<p> |
| 491 |
The <c>redhat-sources</c> are, as the name suggests, the sources for the |
| 492 |
RedHat Linux kernel. Thanks to the wonders of Open Source, anyone can |
| 493 |
take advantage of the work the RedHat engineers put into making their |
| 494 |
kernels. We at Gentoo have provided an ebuild so that you can easily |
| 495 |
use this kernel with Gentoo. |
| 496 |
</p> |
| 497 |
|
| 498 |
</body> |
| 499 |
</section> |
| 500 |
<section> |
| 501 |
<title>rsbac-sources</title> |
| 502 |
<body> |
| 503 |
|
| 504 |
<p> |
| 505 |
<c>rsbac-sources</c> contain the patches from |
| 506 |
<uri>http://www.rsbac.org</uri>. RSBAC stands for <e>Rule Set Based |
| 507 |
Access Control</e>. These kernel patches allow you to authorize users |
| 508 |
based on rules instead of normal uid/gid permissions. |
| 509 |
</p> |
| 510 |
|
| 511 |
</body> |
| 512 |
</section> |
| 513 |
<section> |
| 514 |
<title>selinux-sources</title> |
| 515 |
<body> |
| 516 |
|
| 517 |
<p> |
| 518 |
<c>selinux-sources</c> from <uri>http://www.nsa.gov/selinux</uri> are |
| 519 |
patches for the security conscious to support the LSM (Linux Security |
| 520 |
Modules) and the Flask Security Architecture. |
| 521 |
</p> |
| 522 |
|
| 523 |
</body> |
| 524 |
</section> |
| 525 |
<section> |
| 526 |
<title>usermode-sources</title> |
| 527 |
<body> |
| 528 |
|
| 529 |
<p> |
| 530 |
<c>usermode-sources</c> are the User Mode Linux kernel patches. This |
| 531 |
kernel is designed to allow Linux to run within Linux to run within Linux |
| 532 |
to ... User Mode Linux is intended for testing and virtual server support. |
| 533 |
For more information about this amazing tribute to the stability and |
| 534 |
scalability of Linux, see <uri>http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net</uri>. |
| 535 |
</p> |
| 536 |
|
| 537 |
<p> |
| 538 |
For more information on UML and Gentoo, read the |
| 539 |
<uri link="/doc/en/uml.xml">Gentoo UML Guide</uri>. |
| 540 |
</p> |
| 541 |
|
| 542 |
</body> |
| 543 |
</section> |
| 544 |
<section> |
| 545 |
<title>win4lin-sources</title> |
| 546 |
<body> |
| 547 |
|
| 548 |
<p> |
| 549 |
<c>win4lin-sources</c> are patched to support the userland win4lin tools |
| 550 |
that allow Linux users to run many Microsoft Windows (TM) applications |
| 551 |
at almost native speeds. See <uri>http://www.netraverse.com/</uri> for more |
| 552 |
information. |
| 553 |
</p> |
| 554 |
|
| 555 |
</body> |
| 556 |
</section> |
| 557 |
<section> |
| 558 |
<title>wolk-sources</title> |
| 559 |
<body> |
| 560 |
|
| 561 |
<p> |
| 562 |
<c>wolk-sources</c> contains the <e>Working Overloaded Linux Kernel</e> from |
| 563 |
<uri>http://sourceforge.net/projects/wolk</uri>. This kernel contains |
| 564 |
many patches of a wide variety, all combined into the kernel with |
| 565 |
extreme care. This allows you to configure nearly every one into and out |
| 566 |
of the kernel at compile time -- so the kernel will work with nearly any |
| 567 |
combination of the patches. |
| 568 |
</p> |
| 569 |
|
| 570 |
<p> |
| 571 |
If you need a certain combination of patches that you cannot find in other |
| 572 |
kernel sources, WOLK is definitely worth a shot. |
| 573 |
</p> |
| 574 |
|
| 575 |
</body> |
| 576 |
</section> |
| 577 |
</chapter> |
| 578 |
</guide> |
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