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<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-x86-quickinstall.xml,v 1.27 2005/01/22 20:14:48 swift Exp $ --> |
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|
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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|
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<guide link="/doc/en/gentoo-x86-quickinstall.xml"> |
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<title>Gentoo Linux Install Reference</title> |
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<author title="Author">Steven Wagner</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail> |
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</author> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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The Quick install reference covers all details of the install process in a |
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non-verbose manner. Users should already have prior experience with |
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installing Gentoo Linux if they want to follow this guide. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>1.23</version> |
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<date>2005-01-22</date> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Quick Install Reference</title> |
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<section> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The installation ISOs are on the <uri link= |
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"http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml">Gentoo |
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Mirrors</uri>. Detailed descriptions of the different CDs are |
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available in the <uri link="http://store.gentoo.org">Gentoo |
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Store</uri>. A universal CD contains everything you need to install Gentoo Linux |
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quickly and without a connection to the Internet. A Package CD is optional and |
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contains pre-compiled packages such as KDE, GNOME, OpenOffice, |
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Mozilla, Evolution and more. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Boot from the Universal CD. Press <F1> and/or <F2> to |
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see what boot options are available. Press <ENTER> at the bootscreen to |
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continue with the default kernel. You'll eventually receive a prompt. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Beginning settings"> |
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# <i>date</i> (Make sure your time and date is correct. If wrong, set it with <i>date MMDDhhmmCCYY</i> ) |
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# <i>modprobe module_name</i> (Optional - Load any necessary modules) |
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# <i>net-setup eth0</i> (Configure the network) |
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# <i>fdisk /dev/hda</i> (Partition your drive) |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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The recommended setup is a 64 meg boot volume with ext2, a swap partition |
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twice the size of your available RAM, and the rest for your root partition |
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using ReiserFS. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Initialise your partitions using <c>mke2fs</c> (Ext2), <c>mke2fs |
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-j</c> (Ext3), <c>mkreiserfs</c> (ReiserFS), <c>mkfs.xfs</c> (XFS), |
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<c>mkfs.jfs</c> (JFS) and <c>mkswap</c> (swap partition). For instance: |
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<c>mke2fs -j /dev/hda3</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Continue by mounting the partitions and extracting the appropriate stage |
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file. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Preparing the Installation"> |
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(Activate the swap partition) # <i>swapon /dev/hdax</i> |
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(Mount the root partition) # <i>mount /dev/hdax /mnt/gentoo</i> |
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(Create the boot mountpoint) # <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot</i> |
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(Mount the boot partition) # <i>mount /dev/hdax /mnt/gentoo/boot</i> |
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(Go to the mountpoint) # <i>cd /mnt/gentoo</i> |
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(Extract a stage tarball...) # <i>tar -xvjpf /mnt/cdrom/stages/stage<your stage>.tar.bz2</i> |
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(<comment>or</comment> download the latest tarball...) |
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# <i>links http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml</i> |
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( ... and extract) # <i>tar -xvjpf stage<your stage>.tar.bz2</i> |
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(Optional: unpack a portage tree)# <i>tar -xvjf /mnt/cdrom/snapshots/portage-*.tar.bz2 \ |
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-C /mnt/gentoo/usr</i> |
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(Optional: copy over distfiles) # <i>cd /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage; mkdir distfiles;</i> |
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# <i>cp /mnt/cdrom/distfiles/* distfiles/</i> |
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(Select a mirror) # <i>mirrorselect -a -s4 -o | grep 'GENTOO_MIRRORS=' \ |
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>> /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf</i> |
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(Copy over nameserver information) |
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# <i>cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf</i> |
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(Mount the proc filesystem) # <i>mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc</i> |
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(Chroot into the new environment)# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash</i> |
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(Load the necessary variables) # <i>env-update; source /etc/profile</i> |
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(Network-only, non-GRP: update Portage) |
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# <i>emerge --sync</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now we install Gentoo: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Installing Gentoo"> |
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(Change USE, CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS. Stage1 can also change CHOST) |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i> |
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(Stage1 only: bootstrap system) # <i>cd /usr/portage; scripts/bootstrap.sh</i> |
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(Stage1, Stage2 only: install base system) |
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# <i>emerge system</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Next we set up the necessary information: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Setting up Configuration Files"> |
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(Set timezone information) # <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/<comment><path to time zone file></comment> /etc/localtime</i> |
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(Edit fstab file) # <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Use the following as a <e>template</e> (don't copy verbatim) for |
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<path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="/etc/fstab"> |
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# <fs> <mountpoint> <type> <opts> <dump/pass> |
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/dev/hdax /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
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/dev/hdax none swap sw 0 0 |
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/dev/hdax / reiserfs noatime 0 1 |
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/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
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none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Continue by installing the Linux kernel: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing the Kernel"> |
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(Install the kernel sources) # <i>emerge <comment><kernel-package-here></comment></i> |
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(Configure your kernel using genkernel...) |
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# <i>emerge genkernel; genkernel --menuconfig all</i> |
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(<comment>or</comment> (1) manually build your kernel) |
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# <i>cd /usr/src/linux; make menuconfig;</i> |
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( (2) Include VM fs, /proc fs, /dev fs, /dev fs auto mount at boot) |
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( (3) Compile your kernel) |
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(for a 2.4 kernel) # <i>make dep && make clean bzImage modules modules_install</i> |
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(for a 2.6 kernel) # <i>make && make modules_install</i> |
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( (4) Copy over the kernel) # <i>cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot; cp System.map /boot</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now install other tools you might want: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Install important system tools"> |
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(Install system logger; choice: sysklogd, metalog, msyslog, syslog-ng) |
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# <i>emerge syslog-ng </i> |
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(Have the systemlogger automatically started at boot) |
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# <i>rc-update add syslog-ng default</i> |
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(Install cron daemon; choice: vixie-cron, dcron, fcron) |
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# <i>emerge vixie-cron</i> |
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(Have the cron daemon automatically started at boot) |
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# <i>rc-update add vixie-cron default</i> |
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(genkernel users only: install hotplug) # <i>emerge hotplug</i> |
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(genkernel users only: have hotplug automatically started at boot) |
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# <i>rc-update add hotplug default</i> |
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(Non-ext2,ext3 users only; choice: reiserfsprogs, xfsprogs, jfsutils) |
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# <i>emerge reiserfsprogs</i> |
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(Optional: install DHCP client) # <i>emerge dhcpcd</i> |
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(Domain name init script) # <i>rc-update add domainname default</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you need specialised kernel ebuilds, now is a good time to install them: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Install Specialised Kernel Ebuilds"> |
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# <i>emerge pcmcia-cs</i> (or <i>nforce-net</i>, <i>nforce-audio</i>, <i>e100</i>, <i>e1000</i>, <i>ati-drivers</i>, <i>rp-pppoe</i>) |
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# <i>VIDEO_CARDS="yourcard" emerge x11-drm</i> (for ATI Radeon up to 9200, Rage128, |
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Matrox, Voodoo and other cards) |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Finalise the settings for your Gentoo system: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Finalise the Configuration Settings"> |
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(Set root password) # <i>passwd</i> |
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(Create a user) # <i>useradd your_user -m -G users,wheel,audio -s /bin/bash</i> |
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(Set password for that user) # <i>passwd your_user</i> |
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(Set the system hostname) # <i>echo mymachine > /etc/hostname</i> |
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(Set the system domainname) # <i>echo mydomain.com > /etc/dnsdomainname</i> |
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(Set the hostsfile, ex:"127.0.0.1 localhost mymachine") |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/hosts</i> |
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(Configure basic system settings; follow comments) |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/rc.conf</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Set up Networking"> |
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(Setup networking; dhcp-users should set iface_eth0="dhcp") |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/net</i> |
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(List modules to be loaded at startup) |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-<comment><version></comment></i> |
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(Non-PCMCIA only: start networking automatically at boot) |
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# <i>rc-update add net.eth0 default</i> |
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(Only if you have multiple network interfaces:) |
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(1) Create initscripts for each interface) |
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# <i>ln -s /etc/init.d/net.eth0 /etc/init.d/net.ethx</i> |
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(2) Automatically start at boot if no PCMCIA) |
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# <i>rc-update add net.ethx default</i> |
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(PCMCIA only: verify /etc/conf.d/pcmcia and load PCMCIA at boot) |
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# <i>rc-update add pcmcia default</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now install a bootloader. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Install and configure GRUB"> |
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# <i>emerge grub</i> |
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# <i>grub</i> |
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grub> <i>root (hd0,0)</i> |
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grub> <i>setup (hd0)</i> |
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grub> <i>quit</i> |
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# <i>nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf</i> |
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default 0 |
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timeout 15 |
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splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz |
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|
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title=Gentoo Linux |
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root (hd0,0) |
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<comment># genkernel users:</comment> |
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kernel /kernel-<comment><kernel version></comment> root=/dev/ram0 init=/linuxrc real_root=/dev/hda3 ramdisk=8192 |
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initrd /initrd-<comment><kernel version></comment> |
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<comment># non-genkernel users:</comment> |
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kernel /kernel-<comment><kernel version></comment> root=/dev/hda3 |
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</pre> |
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|
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<pre caption="Install and configure LILO"> |
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# <i>emerge lilo</i> |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/lilo.conf</i> |
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boot=/dev/hda |
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prompt |
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timeout=50 |
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default=gentoo |
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|
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image=/boot/kernel-<comment><kernel version></comment> |
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label=gentoo |
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read-only |
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<comment># genkernel users:</comment> |
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append="init=/linuxrc real_root=/dev/hda3 ramdisk=8192" |
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root=/dev/ram0 |
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initrd=/boot/initrd-<comment><kernel version></comment> |
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<comment># non-genkernel users:</comment> |
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root=/dev/hda3 |
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|
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# <i>/sbin/lilo</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now unmount all partitions and reboot into your new system: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Finishing off and installing GUI"> |
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(Exiting the chroot) # <i>exit; cd /</i> |
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(Unmounting partitions) # <i>umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo</i> |
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(Reboot; Remove the universal CD from the tray) |
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# <i>reboot</i> |
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(After booting:) |
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(ADSL-users only) # <i>adsl-setup</i> |
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(GRP-users only) |
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(1) Mount Package CD # <i>mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom</i> |
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(2) Copy over packages # <i>mkdir /usr/portage/packages</i> |
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# <i>cp -a /mnt/cdrom/* /usr/portage/packages/</i> |
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(3) Install extra software# <i>USE="bindist" emerge -k xfree gnome kde mozilla openoffice-bin</i> |
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(4) Configure your Xserver# <i>/usr/X11R6/bin/xf86config</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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You can get more information from the <uri |
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link="http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/index.xml">Gentoo |
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Documentation</uri>. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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</guide> |
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