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<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<guide link="/doc/en/quickinstall.xml"> |
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<title>Gentoo Linux Install Reference</title> |
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<author title="Author">Steven Wagner</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail> |
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</author> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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The Quick install reference covers all details of the install process in a |
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non-verbose manner. Users should already have prior experience with |
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installing gentoo linux if they want to follow this guide. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>1.1</version> |
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<date>November 1, 2003</date> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Quick Install Reference</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The installation ISOs are on the <uri link= |
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"http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml">Gentoo Mirrors</uri>. Detailed |
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descriptions of the different CDs are available in the <uri |
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link="http://store.gentoo.org">Gentoo Store</uri>. CD 1 contains |
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everything you need to install Gentoo Linux quickly and without a |
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connection to the Internet. CD2 is optional and contains pre-compiled packages |
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such as KDE, GNOME, OpenOffice, Mozilla, Evolution and more. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Boot from the first Gentoo CD. Press <F1> and/or <F2> to |
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see what boot options are available. Press <ENTER> at the bootscreen to |
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continue with the default kernel. You'll eventually receive a prompt. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Beginning settings"> |
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# <i>date</i> (Make sure your time and date is correct. If wrong, set it with <i>date MMDDhhmmCCYY</i> ) |
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# <i>modprobe module_name</i> (Optional - Load any necessary modules) |
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# <i>net-setup eth0</i> (Configure the network) |
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# <i>fdisk /dev/hda</i> (Partition your drive) |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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The recommended setup is a 64 meg boot volume with ext3, a swap partition |
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twice the size of your available RAM, and the rest for your root partition |
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using ReiserFS. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Initialise your partitions using <c>mke2fs</c> (Ext2), <c>mke2fs |
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-j</c> (Ext3), <c>mkreiserfs</c> (ReiserFS), <c>mkfs.xfs</c> (XFS), |
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<c>mkfs.jfs</c> (JFS) and <c>mkswap</c> (swap partition). For instance: |
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<c>mke2fs -j /dev/hda3</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Continue by mounting the partitions and extracting the appropriate stage |
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file. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Preparing the Installation"> |
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(Activate the swap partition) # <i>swapon /dev/hdax</i> |
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(Mount the root partition) # <i>mount /dev/hdax /mnt/gentoo</i> |
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(Create the boot mountpoint) # <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot</i> |
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(Mount the boot partition) # <i>mount /dev/hdax /mnt/gentoo/boot</i> |
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(Go to the mountpoint) # <i>cd /mnt/gentoo</i> |
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(Extract a stage tarball...) # <i>tar -xvjpf /mnt/cdrom/stages/stage?-*.tar.bz2</i> |
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(<comment>or</comment> download the latest tarball...) # <i>links http://gentoo.oregonstate.edu/releases/x86/1.4/</i> |
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( ... and extract) # <i>tar -xvjpf stage*</i> |
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(GRP-only: unpack a portage tree) # <i>tar -xvjf /mnt/cdrom/snapshots/portage-*.tar.bz2 -C /mnt/gentoo/usr</i> |
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(GRP-only: copy over distfiles) # <i>cp -R /mnt/cdrom/distfiles /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/distfiles</i> |
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(GRP-only: copy over packages) # <i>cp -a /mnt/cdrom/packages /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/packages</i> |
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(Select a mirror) # <i>mirrorselect -i -o >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf</i> |
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(Copy over nameserver information) # <i>cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf</i> |
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(Mount the proc filesystem) # <i>mount -t proc proc /mnt/gentoo/proc</i> |
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(Chroot into the new environment) # <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash</i> |
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(Load the necessary variables) # <i>env-update; source /etc/profile</i> |
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(Network-only, non-GRP: update Portage) # <i>emerge sync</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now we install Gentoo: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Installing Gentoo"> |
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(Change USE, CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS. Stage1 can also change CHOST) # <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i> |
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(Stage1 only: bootstrap system) # <i>cd /usr/portage; scripts/bootstrap.sh</i> |
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(Stage1, Stage2 only: install base system) # <i>emerge system</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Next we set up the necessary information: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Setting up Configuration Files"> |
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(Set timezone information) # <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/path/to/timezonefile /etc/localtime</i> |
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(Edit fstab file) # <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Use the following as a <e>template</e> (don't copy verbatim) for |
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<path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="/etc/fstab"> |
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# <fs> <mountpoint> <type> <opts> <dump/pass> |
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/dev/hdax /boot ext3 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
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/dev/hdax / reiserfs noatime 0 1 |
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/dev/hdax none swap sw 0 0 |
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/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro,user 0 0 |
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none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 |
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/dev/hdax /mnt/dosc ntfs ro,noatime,umask=0222 0 0 |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Continue by installing the Linux kernel: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing the Kernel"> |
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(Install the kernel sources) # <i>emerge -k sys-kernel/gentoo-sources</i> |
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(Configure your kernel using genkernel...) # <i>emerge -k genkernel; genkernel</i> |
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(<comment>or</comment> (1) manually build your kernel) # <i>cd /usr/src/linux; make menuconfig;</i> |
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( (2) Include VM fs, /proc fs, /dev fs, /dev fs auto mount at boot) |
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( (3) Compile your kernel) # <i>make dep && make clean bzImage modules modules_install</i> |
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( (4) Copy over the kernel) # <i>cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot; cp System.map /boot</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now install other tools you might want: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Install important system tools"> |
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(Install system logger; choice: sysklogd, metalog, msyslog, syslog-ng) # <i>emerge -k app-admin/syslog-ng </i> |
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(Have the systemlogger automatically started at boot) # <i>rc-update add syslog-ng default</i> |
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(Install cron daemon; choice: vcron, dcron, fcron) # <i>emerge -k sys-apps/vcron</i> |
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(Have the cron daemon automatically started at boot) # <i>rc-update add vcron default</i> |
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(genkernel users only: install hotplug) # <i>emerge -k hotplug</i> |
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(genkernel users only: have hotplug automatically started at boot) # <i>rc-update add hotplug default</i> |
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(Non-ext2,ext3 users only; choice: reiserfsprogs, xfsprogs, jfsutils) # <i>emerge -k reiserfsprogs</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you need specialised kernel ebuilds, now is a good time to install them: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Install Specialised Kernel Ebuilds"> |
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# <i>emerge -k pcmcia-cs</i> (or <i>emu10k1</i>, <i>nforce-net</i>, <i>nforce-audio</i>, <i>e100</i>, <i>e1000</i>, <i>ati-drivers</i>, <i>rp-pppoe</i>) |
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# <i>VIDEO_CARDS="yourcard" emerge xfree-drm</i> (for ATI Radeon up to 9200, Rage128, Matrox, Voodoo and other cards) |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Finalise the settings for your Gentoo system: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Finalise the Configuration Settings"> |
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(Set root password) # <i>passwd</i> |
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(Create a user) # <i>useradd your_user -m -G users,wheel,audio -s /bin/bash</i> |
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(Set password for that user) # <i>passwd your_user</i> |
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(Set the system hostname) # <i>echo mymachine > /etc/hostname</i> |
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(Set the system domainname) # <i>echo mydomain.com > /etc/dnsdomainname</i> |
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(Set the hostsfile, at least set "127.0.0.1 mymachine") # <i>nano -w /etc/hosts</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Set up Networking"> |
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(Setup networking; dhcp-users should set iface_eth0="dhcp") # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/net</i> |
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(List modules to be loaded at startup) # <i>nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.4</i> |
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(Configure basic system settings; follow comments) # <i>nano -w /etc/rc.conf</i> |
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(Non-PCMCIA only: start networking automatically at boot) # <i>rc-update add net.eth0 default</i> |
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(Only if you have multiple network interfaces:) |
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(1) Create initscripts for each interface) # <i>ln -s /etc/init.d/net.eth0 /etc/init.d/net.ethx</i> |
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(2) Automatically start at boot if no PCMCIA) # <i>rc-update add net.ethx default</i> |
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(PCMCIA only: verify /etc/conf.d/pcmcia and load PCMCIA at boot) # <i>rc-update add pcmcia boot</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now install a bootloader. Left is for grub, right for lilo: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Install and Configure a bootloader"> |
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# <i>emerge -k grub</i> | # <i>emerge -k lilo</i> |
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# <i>grub</i> | # <i>nano -w /etc/lilo.conf</i> |
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grub> <i>root (hd0,0)</i> (Boot partition) | boot=/dev/hda |
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grub> <i>setup (hd0)</i> (Install on MBR) | prompt |
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grub> <i>quit</i> | timeout=50 |
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# <i>nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf</i> | default=gentoo |
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default 0 | |
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timeout 15 | <comment># Genkernel only:</comment> |
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splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz | image=/boot/kernel-<comment><kernel version></comment> |
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| root=/dev/hda3 |
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title=Gentoo Linux | label=gentoo |
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root (hd0,0) | |
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<comment># Genkernel only:</comment> | <comment># Non-genkernel only:</comment> |
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kernel (hd0,0)/kernel-<comment><kernel version></comment> root=/dev/hda3 | image=/boot/bzImage |
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initrd (hd0,0)/initrd-<comment><kernel version></comment> | root=/dev/hda3 |
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<comment># Non-genkernel only:</comment> | label=gentoo |
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kernel (hd0,0)/bzImage | |
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| <comment># For dualbooting:</comment> |
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<comment># For dualbooting:</comment> | other=/dev/hda<comment>X</comment> |
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title=Windows XP | label=windows |
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root (hd0,5) | |
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chainloader (hd0,5)+1 | # <i>/sbin/lilo</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now unmount all partitions and reboot into your new system: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Finishing off and installing GUI"> |
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(Updating configuration files) # <i>etc-update</i> |
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(Exiting the chroot) # <i>exit; cd /</i> |
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(Unmounting partitions) # <i>umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/proc /mnt/gentoo</i> |
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(Reboot; Remove the install CD from the tray) # <i>reboot</i> |
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(After booting:) |
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(ADSL-users only) # <i>adsl-setup</i> |
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(GRP-users only, optional CD2 usage) |
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( (1) Mount CD2) # <i>mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom</i> |
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( (2) Copy over packages) # <i>cp -a /mnt/cdrom/packages/* /usr/portage/packages/</i> |
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( (3) Install extra software) # <i>emerge -k xfree gnome kde mozilla openoffice-bin</i> |
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( (4) Configure your Xserver) # <i>/usr/X11R6/bin/xf86config</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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You can get more information from the <uri link="http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/index.xml">Gentoo Documentation</uri>. |
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</p> |
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</body></chapter> |
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|
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</guide> |
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