| 1 |
swift |
1.1 |
<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
| 2 |
|
|
<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
|
| 3 |
|
|
|
| 4 |
|
|
<guide link="/doc/en/gentoo-x86-tipsntricks.xml">
|
| 5 |
|
|
<title>Gentoo/x86 Installation Tips & Tricks</title>
|
| 6 |
|
|
<author title="Author">
|
| 7 |
|
|
<mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail>
|
| 8 |
|
|
</author>
|
| 9 |
|
|
|
| 10 |
|
|
<abstract>
|
| 11 |
|
|
The Gentoo installation allows for very flexible approaches to the various
|
| 12 |
|
|
installation methods. As it is almost impossible to insert every single tip or
|
| 13 |
|
|
trick in the installation instructions this document tries to deal with all
|
| 14 |
|
|
submitted tips and tricks for reference purposes.
|
| 15 |
|
|
</abstract>
|
| 16 |
|
|
|
| 17 |
|
|
<license/>
|
| 18 |
|
|
|
| 19 |
swift |
1.4 |
<version>1.1</version>
|
| 20 |
swift |
1.1 |
<date>April 11, 2004</date>
|
| 21 |
|
|
|
| 22 |
|
|
<chapter>
|
| 23 |
|
|
<title>Introduction</title>
|
| 24 |
|
|
<section>
|
| 25 |
|
|
<title>Preliminary</title>
|
| 26 |
|
|
<body>
|
| 27 |
|
|
|
| 28 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 29 |
|
|
This document contains various tips and tricks for the Gentoo/x86 installation.
|
| 30 |
|
|
Most of them are discussed in a dense way - they are meant as an addendum to the
|
| 31 |
|
|
installation instructions and not as a replacement.
|
| 32 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 33 |
|
|
|
| 34 |
|
|
</body>
|
| 35 |
|
|
</section>
|
| 36 |
|
|
<section>
|
| 37 |
|
|
<title>Contents</title>
|
| 38 |
|
|
<body>
|
| 39 |
|
|
|
| 40 |
swift |
1.2 |
<p>
|
| 41 |
|
|
<b>Advanced Installations</b>
|
| 42 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 43 |
|
|
|
| 44 |
swift |
1.1 |
<ul>
|
| 45 |
|
|
<li><uri link="#software-raid">Software RAID</uri></li>
|
| 46 |
swift |
1.4 |
<li><uri link="#ata-raid-2.4">ATA RAID using 2.4 kernels</uri></li>
|
| 47 |
swift |
1.1 |
</ul>
|
| 48 |
|
|
|
| 49 |
swift |
1.3 |
<p>
|
| 50 |
|
|
<b>Simplifying the Installation</b>
|
| 51 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 52 |
|
|
|
| 53 |
|
|
<ul>
|
| 54 |
|
|
<li><uri link="#leave_terminal">Leaving the Terminal</uri></li>
|
| 55 |
|
|
</ul>
|
| 56 |
|
|
|
| 57 |
swift |
1.1 |
</body>
|
| 58 |
|
|
</section>
|
| 59 |
|
|
</chapter>
|
| 60 |
|
|
<chapter>
|
| 61 |
|
|
<title>Advanced Installations</title>
|
| 62 |
|
|
<section id="software-raid">
|
| 63 |
|
|
<title>Software RAID</title>
|
| 64 |
|
|
<body>
|
| 65 |
|
|
|
| 66 |
|
|
<note>
|
| 67 |
|
|
If you are not known to software raid, please read the <uri
|
| 68 |
|
|
link="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Software-RAID-HOWTO.html">Software-RAID-HOWTO</uri>.
|
| 69 |
|
|
</note>
|
| 70 |
|
|
|
| 71 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 72 |
|
|
Once you are booted from the LiveCD, load the appropriate RAID modules. For
|
| 73 |
|
|
instance, if you plan on using RAID-1:
|
| 74 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 75 |
|
|
|
| 76 |
|
|
<pre caption="Loading the RAID-1 module">
|
| 77 |
|
|
# <i>modprobe raid1</i>
|
| 78 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 79 |
|
|
|
| 80 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 81 |
|
|
When you partition your disks, make sure that your partitions use <c>fd</c>
|
| 82 |
|
|
(Linux raid autodetect) as Partition Type instead of <c>83</c> (Linux native).
|
| 83 |
|
|
You can alter the partition type using the <c>t</c> command in <c>fdisk</c>.
|
| 84 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 85 |
|
|
|
| 86 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 87 |
|
|
After partitioning, create the <path>/etc/raidtab</path> file (yes, indeed, on
|
| 88 |
|
|
the LiveCD environment) and insert the necessary commands for your RAID setup.
|
| 89 |
|
|
For instance, to have your boot, swap and root partition mirrored (RAID-1)
|
| 90 |
|
|
covering <path>/dev/sda</path> and <path>/dev/sdb</path>, you can use:
|
| 91 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 92 |
|
|
|
| 93 |
|
|
<pre caption="/etc/raidtab for RAID-1 setup">
|
| 94 |
|
|
raiddev /dev/md0
|
| 95 |
|
|
raid-level 1
|
| 96 |
|
|
nr-raid-disks 2
|
| 97 |
|
|
chunk-size 32
|
| 98 |
|
|
persistent-superblock 1
|
| 99 |
|
|
device /dev/sda1
|
| 100 |
|
|
raid-disk 0
|
| 101 |
|
|
device /dev/sdb1
|
| 102 |
|
|
raid-disk 1
|
| 103 |
|
|
|
| 104 |
|
|
raiddev /dev/md1
|
| 105 |
|
|
raid-level 1
|
| 106 |
|
|
nr-raid-disks 2
|
| 107 |
|
|
chunk-size 32
|
| 108 |
|
|
persistent-superblock 1
|
| 109 |
|
|
device /dev/sda2
|
| 110 |
|
|
raid-disk 0
|
| 111 |
|
|
device /dev/sdb2
|
| 112 |
|
|
raid-disk 1
|
| 113 |
|
|
|
| 114 |
|
|
raiddev /dev/md2
|
| 115 |
|
|
raid-level 1
|
| 116 |
|
|
nr-raid-disks 2
|
| 117 |
|
|
chunk-size 32
|
| 118 |
|
|
persistent-superblock 1
|
| 119 |
|
|
device /dev/sda3
|
| 120 |
|
|
raid-disk 0
|
| 121 |
|
|
device /dev/sdb3
|
| 122 |
|
|
raid-disk 1
|
| 123 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 124 |
|
|
|
| 125 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 126 |
|
|
Now create the necessary RAID devices for each RAID device you listed in
|
| 127 |
|
|
<path>/etc/raidtab</path>:
|
| 128 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 129 |
|
|
|
| 130 |
|
|
<pre caption="Creating RAID devices">
|
| 131 |
|
|
# <i>mkraid /dev/md0</i>
|
| 132 |
|
|
# <i>mkraid /dev/md1</i>
|
| 133 |
|
|
# <i>mkraid /dev/md2</i>
|
| 134 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 135 |
|
|
|
| 136 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 137 |
|
|
The Linux Software RAID driver will start creating the metadevices. You can see
|
| 138 |
|
|
its progress in <path>/proc/mdstat</path>. Wait until the metadevices are
|
| 139 |
|
|
completely finished before proceeding.
|
| 140 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 141 |
|
|
|
| 142 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 143 |
|
|
From now onwards, use <path>/dev/md0</path> for the boot partition,
|
| 144 |
|
|
<path>/dev/md1</path> for the swap partition and <path>/dev/md2</path> for the
|
| 145 |
|
|
root partition.
|
| 146 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 147 |
|
|
|
| 148 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 149 |
|
|
After mounting <path>/dev/md2</path> on <path>/mnt/gentoo</path>, don't forget
|
| 150 |
|
|
to copy over <path>/etc/raidtab</path> to <path>/mnt/gentoo/etc</path>.
|
| 151 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 152 |
|
|
|
| 153 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 154 |
|
|
When you're configuring your kernel, make sure you have the appropriate RAID
|
| 155 |
|
|
support <e>in</e> your kernel and not as module.
|
| 156 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 157 |
|
|
|
| 158 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 159 |
|
|
When installing extra tools, emerge <c>raidtools</c> as well. Note that this
|
| 160 |
|
|
isn't available on all LiveCDs so you might not be able to install Gentoo on a
|
| 161 |
|
|
Software RAID when using a networkless installation!
|
| 162 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 163 |
|
|
|
| 164 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 165 |
|
|
When configuring your bootloader, make sure it gets installed in the MBR of
|
| 166 |
|
|
<e>both</e> disks if you use mirroring.
|
| 167 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 168 |
|
|
|
| 169 |
|
|
</body>
|
| 170 |
|
|
</section>
|
| 171 |
swift |
1.4 |
<section id="ata-raid-2.4">
|
| 172 |
|
|
<title>ATA RAID using 2.4 kernels</title>
|
| 173 |
|
|
<body>
|
| 174 |
|
|
|
| 175 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 176 |
|
|
Make sure you boot your LiveCD using the <c>doataraid</c> option. Once booted,
|
| 177 |
|
|
check the contents of <path>/dev/ataraid</path>. It should contain various
|
| 178 |
|
|
<path>disc*</path> directories for each harddisk available in the ATA RAID. An
|
| 179 |
|
|
entire disk is displayed as <path>disc</path> while partitions are
|
| 180 |
|
|
<path>part*</path>.
|
| 181 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 182 |
|
|
|
| 183 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 184 |
|
|
Write down the various <path>/dev/ataraid/disc*/*</path> device files that you
|
| 185 |
|
|
use to install Gentoo on. You will need to substitute the <path>/dev/hda</path>
|
| 186 |
|
|
examples in the installation with this path.
|
| 187 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 188 |
|
|
|
| 189 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 190 |
|
|
Before chrooting, bind-mount the <path>/dev</path> structure in the new
|
| 191 |
|
|
environment:
|
| 192 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 193 |
|
|
|
| 194 |
|
|
<pre caption="Bind-mounting /dev">
|
| 195 |
|
|
# <i>mount -o bind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev</i>
|
| 196 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 197 |
|
|
|
| 198 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 199 |
|
|
When configuring your kernel, make sure you enable support for your ATA RAID
|
| 200 |
|
|
chipset and options. For instance, a popular ATA RAID system is a <e>Promise
|
| 201 |
|
|
FastTrack built-in RAID</e> in which case you definitely need <c>Promise
|
| 202 |
|
|
FastTrack Options</c> built in into your kernel.
|
| 203 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 204 |
|
|
|
| 205 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 206 |
|
|
When configuring GRUB, you first have to create a GRUB bootdisk. This is not as
|
| 207 |
|
|
hard as you think. First install GRUB as you would, but when you come to the
|
| 208 |
|
|
part where GRUB is getting installed in the MBR, follow the following
|
| 209 |
|
|
instructions:
|
| 210 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 211 |
|
|
|
| 212 |
|
|
<pre caption="Creating a GRUB bootdisk">
|
| 213 |
|
|
# <i>cd /boot/grub</i>
|
| 214 |
|
|
# <i>dd if=stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1</i>
|
| 215 |
|
|
# <i>dd if=stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1</i>
|
| 216 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 217 |
|
|
|
| 218 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 219 |
|
|
You still need to write your <path>grub.conf</path> file. This is no different
|
| 220 |
|
|
from the installation instructions, just make sure that your <c>root=</c> points
|
| 221 |
|
|
to the ATA RAID device.
|
| 222 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 223 |
|
|
|
| 224 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 225 |
|
|
After finishing the installation, boot with your GRUB bootdisk. You will be
|
| 226 |
|
|
greeted by a GRUB prompt. Now configure GRUB to boot from the ATA RAID device:
|
| 227 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 228 |
|
|
|
| 229 |
|
|
<pre caption="Installing GRUB on the ATA RAID">
|
| 230 |
|
|
grub> root (hd0,x)
|
| 231 |
|
|
grub> setup (hd0)
|
| 232 |
|
|
grub> quit
|
| 233 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 234 |
|
|
|
| 235 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 236 |
|
|
Now reboot (with the GRUB bootfloppy removed).
|
| 237 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 238 |
|
|
|
| 239 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 240 |
|
|
LILO users can safely use the instructions mentioned in the installation
|
| 241 |
|
|
instructions.
|
| 242 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 243 |
|
|
|
| 244 |
|
|
</body>
|
| 245 |
|
|
</section>
|
| 246 |
swift |
1.1 |
</chapter>
|
| 247 |
swift |
1.3 |
|
| 248 |
|
|
<chapter>
|
| 249 |
|
|
<title>Simplifying the Installation</title>
|
| 250 |
|
|
<section id="leave_terminal">
|
| 251 |
|
|
<title>Leaving your Terminal</title>
|
| 252 |
|
|
<body>
|
| 253 |
|
|
|
| 254 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 255 |
|
|
Many people want to leave their system when it's compiling. In certain cases
|
| 256 |
|
|
this is rather difficult as the installation is done in a public environment
|
| 257 |
|
|
where you cannot trust everyone. If this is the case, you want to be able to
|
| 258 |
|
|
perform the compilation in the background and log out from all terminals.
|
| 259 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 260 |
|
|
|
| 261 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 262 |
|
|
There are several possible solutions for this. The first one is to use
|
| 263 |
|
|
<c>screen</c>. After booting the LiveCD, set your root password and start a
|
| 264 |
|
|
screen session:
|
| 265 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 266 |
|
|
|
| 267 |
|
|
<note>
|
| 268 |
|
|
Not all LiveCDs provide screen. If this is the case, you will have to use one of
|
| 269 |
|
|
the other methods described in this section.
|
| 270 |
|
|
</note>
|
| 271 |
|
|
|
| 272 |
|
|
<pre caption="Starting a screen session">
|
| 273 |
|
|
# <i>screen -S gentoo</i>
|
| 274 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 275 |
|
|
|
| 276 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 277 |
|
|
Once inside the screen session you can perform the entire installation. When you
|
| 278 |
|
|
want to leave your terminal, press <c>Ctrl-a, d</c> (that is, control and a at
|
| 279 |
|
|
the same time, then followed by a d) to <e>detach</e> your screen session. You
|
| 280 |
|
|
can now safely log out of your system.
|
| 281 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 282 |
|
|
|
| 283 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 284 |
|
|
To regain access to your terminal, log in as root again and <e>attach</e> to
|
| 285 |
|
|
the running screen session:
|
| 286 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 287 |
|
|
|
| 288 |
|
|
<pre caption="Attaching to a screen session">
|
| 289 |
|
|
# <i>screen -x gentoo</i>
|
| 290 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 291 |
|
|
|
| 292 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 293 |
|
|
If you can't use screen, there is still a way to leave your terminal. Follow the
|
| 294 |
|
|
installation instructions, but when you come to the point where a long-term
|
| 295 |
|
|
compilation would be started (for instance the <c>./scripts/bootstrap.sh</c>
|
| 296 |
|
|
step), use <c>nohup</c> which allows for a process to continue even when you log
|
| 297 |
|
|
out. Don't forget the trailing "&", otherwise the process won't be placed in
|
| 298 |
|
|
the background! Remember where you are (the <c>pwd</c> command will show you
|
| 299 |
|
|
that) as you will need to know this later on.
|
| 300 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 301 |
|
|
|
| 302 |
|
|
<pre caption="Using nohup">
|
| 303 |
|
|
# <i>pwd</i>
|
| 304 |
|
|
/usr/portage
|
| 305 |
|
|
# <i>nohup ./scripts/bootstrap.sh &</i>
|
| 306 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 307 |
|
|
|
| 308 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 309 |
|
|
Now exit the chrooted environment (<c>exit</c>) and the LiveCD session. Your
|
| 310 |
|
|
compilation will continue in the background.
|
| 311 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 312 |
|
|
|
| 313 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 314 |
|
|
When you want to check the compilation, log in as root (on the LiveCD) and
|
| 315 |
|
|
chroot back into your environment and go to the directory where you left off:
|
| 316 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 317 |
|
|
|
| 318 |
|
|
<pre caption="Chrooting back">
|
| 319 |
|
|
# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash</i>
|
| 320 |
|
|
# <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i>
|
| 321 |
|
|
# <i>cd /usr/portage</i>
|
| 322 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 323 |
|
|
|
| 324 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 325 |
|
|
Now use the <c>less</c> command on the <path>nohup.out</path> file that is
|
| 326 |
|
|
situated inside that directory. The compilation will append its output to that
|
| 327 |
|
|
file, so if you want to follow the compilation progress, run <c>less
|
| 328 |
|
|
nohup.out</c> and press <c>F</c> to follow the changes. When the compilation is
|
| 329 |
|
|
finished, you can continue with the next step of the installation instructions.
|
| 330 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 331 |
|
|
|
| 332 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 333 |
|
|
If you ever get tired of following the changes, press <c>Ctrl-C</c> followed by
|
| 334 |
|
|
a <c>q</c>. This won't stop the compilation process, only the <c>less</c>
|
| 335 |
|
|
process.
|
| 336 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 337 |
|
|
|
| 338 |
|
|
</body>
|
| 339 |
|
|
</section>
|
| 340 |
|
|
</chapter>
|
| 341 |
|
|
|
| 342 |
swift |
1.1 |
</guide>
|
Parent Directory
| 
Revision Log