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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gnome-config.xml,v 1.25 2007/11/26 13:01:17 cam Exp $ -->
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<guide link="/doc/en/gnome-config.xml">
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<title>The GNOME Configuration HOWTO</title>
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<author title="Author">
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<mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail>
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</author>
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<author title="Editor">
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<mail link="lars@strojny.net">Lars Strojny</mail>
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</author>
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<author title="Editor">
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<mail link="nightmorph"/>
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</author>
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<abstract>
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A frequently used environment is GNOME. This HOWTO tries to describe
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all aspects of GNOME, including installation, configuration, usage, ...
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</abstract>
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->
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<license/>
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<version>1.19</version>
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<date>2007-11-13</date>
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<chapter>
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<title>What is GNOME?</title>
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<section>
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<title>The Project</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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The <uri link="http://www.gnome.org">GNOME</uri> project is a free software
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project dedicated to the development of GNOME, a Unix/Linux desktop suite and
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development platform. The <uri link="http://foundation.gnome.org">GNOME
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Foundation</uri> coordinates the development and other aspects of the GNOME
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Project.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>The Software</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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GNOME is a desktop environment and a development platform. This piece of free
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software is the desktop of choice for several industry leaders. It is
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interesting both for business users, home users as well as developers.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>The Community</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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Like with any big free software project, GNOME has an extensive user- and
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development base. <uri link="http://www.gnomedesktop.org">Footnotes</uri>
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contains GNOME Desktop news for users; <uri
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link="http://planet.gnome.org">GnomePlanet</uri> is for hackers/contributors and
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<uri link="http://developer.gnome.org">Developer.Gnome.Org</uri> is for the
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GNOME developers.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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<chapter>
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<title>Installing GNOME</title>
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<section>
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<title>What do you need?</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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Before you start installing GNOME, you might want to edit your USE variables.
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Make sure that <c>X</c>, <c>gtk</c>, and <c>gnome</c> are in your USE variable
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listed in <path>/etc/make.conf</path>. If you want support for <c>hald</c>, the
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hardware abstraction layer daemon add <c>hal</c> to your USE flags. The same
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goes for <c>dbus</c>, a system message bus Gnome uses extensively. The
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<c>avahi</c> USE flag brings DNS detection to GNOME (similiar to Rendezvous
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under Mac OS X). If you don't want KDE support (the other big desktop
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environment), remove <c>qt3</c>, <c>qt4</c>, <c>arts</c>, and <c>kde</c>.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Example USE in /etc/make.conf">
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USE="-qt3 -qt4 -arts -kde X dbus gtk gnome hal avahi"
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</pre>
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<p>
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You can add the <c>branding</c> USE flag to get a lovely Gentoo-branded
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splashscreen instead of the default Gnome splashscreen:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Enabling Gentoo branding">
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# <i>echo "gnome-base/gnome-session branding" >> /etc/portage/package.use</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Once done, start installing GNOME by emerging <c>gnome</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Installing GNOME">
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# <i>emerge gnome</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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You can also opt for a minimal Gnome installation using <c>gnome-light</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Installing a minimal GNOME environment">
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# <i>emerge gnome-light</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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This will take a while, so you might want to start reading all those books your
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mother bought you but you never opened. Done? Great, now update your
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environment variables:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Updating environment variables">
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# <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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If you paid attention to the output of your previous <c>emerge</c> command,
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you'll notice that it suggests using <c>gamin</c> to have nautilus and
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gnome-vfs monitor file changes:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Installing gamin, a file alteration monitor">
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# <i>emerge gamin</i>
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</pre>
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<impo>
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If you are switching from <c>fam</c> (the old, deprecated file monitor) to
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<c>gamin</c>, you will need to remove <c>famd</c> from all runlevels and then
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unmerge it:
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</impo>
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<pre caption="Optional: switching to gamin from fam">
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# <i>rc-update del famd</i>
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# <i>emerge --unmerge app-admin/fam</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Next we'll clean up the remaining services.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Adding hald and avahi-dnsconfd to the default runlevel">
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# <i>/etc/init.d/hald start</i>
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# <i>rc-update add hald default</i>
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# <i>/etc/init.d/dbus start</i>
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# <i>rc-update add dbus default</i>
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# <i>/etc/init.d/avahi-dnsconfd start</i>
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# <i>rc-update add avahi-dnsconfd default</i>
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</pre>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>First Impressions</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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Let us first take a look at what we just built. Exit your root shell and log on
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as a regular user. We will configure our session to run GNOME when we issue the
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<c>startx</c> command (see also
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<uri link="/doc/en/xorg-config.xml#using_startx">Using startx</uri> in the
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<uri link="/doc/en/xorg-config.xml">X Server Configuration Howto</uri>):
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</p>
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<pre caption="Having GNOME as default desktop environment">
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$ <i>echo "exec gnome-session" > ~/.xinitrc</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now start your graphical environment by running <c>startx</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Starting GNOME">
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$ <i>startx</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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If all goes well, you should be greeted by GNOME. Congratulations. Now let us
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take a look at how you can configure GNOME to suit your needs.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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<chapter>
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<title>Configuring GNOME</title>
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<section>
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<title>GNOME's Graphical Login Manager</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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If you want the GNOME Display Manager (GDM) to run automatically when you boot
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(so you can log on graphically), you must add the <c>xdm</c> init script to the
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default runlevel:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Adding xdm to the default runlevel">
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# <i>rc-update add xdm default</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now edit <path>/etc/conf.d/xdm</path> and alter the DISPLAYMANAGER variable.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Editing /etc/conf.d/xdm">
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DISPLAYMANAGER="gdm"
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</pre>
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<p>
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If you reboot now, the GNOME Display Manager will prompt you for your username
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and password and will default to using GNOME as Desktop Environment (even though
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you will have the option of selecting a different one of course, choosing from
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those available in <path>/usr/share/xsessions/</path>). Thus, if you use GDM,
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you don't need to edit <path>~/.xinitrc</path>.
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</p>
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<p>
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To use the functionality of <c>hald</c> just start <c>gnome-volume-manager</c>
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and edit its preferences. Also, you'll need to add your user to the
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<c>plugdev</c> group.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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</guide>
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