doc/en/guide-localization.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/guide-localization.xml,v 1.26 2005/06/10 18:43:56 swift Exp $ -->
<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">

<guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml">
<title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title>
<author title="Author">
  Alexander Holler
</author>
<author title="Translator/Editor">
  <mail link="slucy@uchicago.edu">Steven Lucy</mail>
</author>
<author title="Editor">
  <mail link="bennyc@gentoo.org">Benny Chuang</mail>
</author>
<author title="Editor">
  <mail link="pylon@gentoo.org">Lars Weiler</mail>
</author>
<author title="Editor">
  <mail link="dertobi123@gentoo.org">Tobias Scherbaum</mail>
</author>
<author title="Editor">
  <mail link="flammie@gentoo.org">Flammie Pirinen</mail>
</author>

<abstract>
This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux distribution to any
European locale. It uses Germany as a case-study, since it is translated from
the German doc. Includes configuration for use of the euro currency symbol.
</abstract>

<version>1.18</version>
<date>2005-06-20</date>

<chapter>
<title>Time zone</title>
<section>
<body>

<p>
In order to keep time properly, <path>/etc/localtime</path> must point to
the correct time zone data file.  Look around in
<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</path> and pick your timezone or a near-by big city.
</p>

<pre caption="setting the timezone">
# <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime</i>
# <i>date</i>
Sun Feb 16 08:26:44 CET 2003
</pre>

<note>
Make sure that the three-letter timezone indicator (in this case "CET")
is correct for your area.
</note>

<note>
You can set the value of <c>TZ</c> to be everything after the
<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path> in your shell rc file
(<path>.bash_profile</path> for bash) for a user-level setting.  In this case
<c>TZ="Europe/Berlin"</c>.
</note>

</body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>Hardware Clock</title>
<section>
<body>

<p>
In most Gentoo Linux installations, your hardware clock is set to
UTC (or GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and then your timezone is
taken into account to determine the actual, local time.  If,
for some reason, you need your hardware clock not to be in UTC,
you will need to edit <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and change the
value of <c>CLOCK</c> from <c>UTC</c> to <c>local</c>.
</p>

<pre caption="local vs. GMT clock">
<comment>(recommended:)</comment>
CLOCK="UTC"
<comment>(or:)</comment>
CLOCK="local"
</pre>

</body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>Locale system</title>
<section>
<title>What are locales?</title>
<body>

<p>
A Locale is a set of information that most programs use for determining
country and language specific settings. The locales and their data
are part of the system library and can be found 
at <path>/usr/share/locale</path> on most systems. A locale name is generally
named <c>ab_CD</c> where <c>ab</c> is your two (or three) letter
language code (as specified in ISO-639) and <c>CD</c> is your two letter country
code (as specified in ISO-3199).
</p>

</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Environment variables for locales</title>
<body>

<p>
Locale settings are stored in environment variables. These are typically
set in the <path>/etc/env.d/02locale</path> (for system-wide
settings) and <path>~/.bashrc</path> (for user-specific settings) file.
The variables controlling different aspects of locale settings
are given in the table below, those with highest precedence (ie. those
that override settings below them) are at the top of the table. All variables
take one name of a locale in <c>ab_CD</c> format given above.
</p>

<table>
<tr>
  <th>Variable name</th>
  <th>Explanation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
  <ti>LC_ALL</ti>
  <ti>
    Define all locale settings at once. This is the top level setting for
    locales which will override any other setting.
  </ti>
</tr>
<tr>
  <ti>LC_COLLATE</ti>
  <ti>
    Define alphabetical ordering of strings. This affects eg. output of sorted
    directory listing.
  </ti>
</tr>
<tr>
  <ti>LC_CTYPE</ti>
  <ti>
    Define the character handling properties for the system. This determines 
    which characters are seen as part of alphabet, numeric and so on. This also
    determines the character set used, if applicable.
  </ti>
</tr>
<tr>
  <ti>LC_MESSAGES</ti>
  <ti>
    Programs' localizations for applications that use message based localization
    scheme (majority of Gnu programs, see next chapters for closer information
    which do, and how to get the programs, that don't, to work).
  </ti>
</tr>
<tr>
  <ti>LC_MONETARY</ti>
  <ti>Defines currency units and formatting of currency type numeric values.</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
  <ti>LC_NUMERIC</ti>
  <ti>
    Defines formatting of numeric values which aren't monetary. Affects things
    such as thousand separator and decimal separator.
  </ti>
</tr>
<tr>
  <ti>LC_TIME</ti>
  <ti>Defines formatting of dates and times.</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
  <ti>LC_PAPER</ti>
  <ti>Defines default paper size.</ti>
</tr>
<tr>
  <ti>LANG</ti>
  <ti>
    Defines all locale settings at once. This setting can be overridden by
    individual LC_* settings above or even by LC_ALL.
  </ti>
</tr>
</table>

<note>
Even though most programs work with LC_ALL only, some of them misbehave if
LC_ALL is set but LANG isn't. If you want to play safe, set them <e>both</e>.
</note>

<p>
Most typically users only set the LANG variable and perhaps LC_CTYPE variable
on user level by adding definitions to shells startup files defining
the environment variable manually from command line:
</p>

<pre caption="setting the German locale">
export LANG="de_DE@euro"
</pre>

<note>
Append <c>@euro</c> to your locale if you want to use the Euro
currency symbol (&#8364;)
</note>

<p>
For message based localization to work in programs that support it, you will
probably need to have programs compiled with the <c>nls</c> (Native language
support) USE flag set. Most of the programs using nls also need the gettext
library to extract and use localized messages. Of course, Gentoo's Portage will
automatically install it when needed.
</p>

</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Generating Specific Locales</title>
<body>

<p>
If you use a locale that isn't available by default, you should use
<c>localedef</c> to generate your locale. For instance:
</p>

<pre caption="Generating a locale using localedef">
# <i>localedef -c -i en_US -f ISO-8859-15 en_US.ISO-8859-15</i>
</pre>

<p>
After having generated the locale, you can export the LANG variable as you see
fit.
</p>

<pre caption="Exporting the LANG variable">
# <i>export LANG="en_US.ISO-8859-15"</i>
</pre>

</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>The userlocales USE flag</title>
<body>

<p>
You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. Up until now
after compiling <c>glibc</c> a full set of all available locales has been
created. As of now you can activate the <c>userlocales</c> USE flag and specify
only the locales you will need in <path>/etc/locales.build</path>.
</p>

<pre caption="Activate the userlocales USE flag especially for glibc">
echo "sys-libs/glibc userlocales" >> /etc/portage/package.use
</pre>

<p>
Now specify the locales you want to be able to use:
</p>

<pre caption="Adding locales to /etc/locales.build">
en_US/ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8
de_DE/ISO-8859-1
de_DE@euro/ISO-8859-15
</pre>

<p>
The next step is to re-compile <c>glibc</c>. Of course you can defer this until
the next <c>glibc</c> upgrade is available.
</p>

</body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>Keyboard layout for the console</title>
<section>
<body>

<p>
The keyboard layout used by the console is set in
<path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path> by the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable.
Valid values can be found in
<path>/usr/share/keymaps/<c>{arch}</c>/</path>.
<path>i386</path> has further subdivisions into layout
(<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.).  Some
languages have multiple options, so you may wish to experiment
to decide which one fits your needs best.
</p>

<pre caption="setting the console keymap">
KEYMAP="de"
KEYMAP="de-latin1"
KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys"
</pre>

</body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>Keyboard layout for the X server</title>
<section>
<body>

<p>
The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified
in <path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> by the <c>XkbLayout</c>
option.
</p>

<pre caption="setting the X keymap">
 Section "InputDevice"
     Identifier  "Keyboard1"
     ...
     Option "XkbLayout"    "de"
     # Option "XkbVariant"  "nodeadkeys"
     ...
</pre>

</body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>KDE</title>
<section>
<body>

<p>
For KDE you have to install the kde-i18n package with the appropriate
LINGUAS variable set:
</p>

<pre caption="Install localized KDE">
# <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i>
<comment>(Add in the LINGUAS variable. For instance, for the German language:)</comment>
LINGUAS="de"

<comment>(Now install kde-i18n)</comment>
# <i>emerge kde-i18n</i>
</pre>

</body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>The Euro Symbol for the Console</title>
<section>
<body>

<p>
In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you
will need to set <c>CONSOLEFONT</c> in
<path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to a file found in
<path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the
<c>.psfu.gz</c>).  <c>lat9w-16</c> has the Euro symbol.
</p>

<pre caption="setting the console font">
CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16"
</pre>

</body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>The Euro Symbol in X</title>
<section>
<title>Most Applications</title>
<body>

<p>
Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little
bit tougher.  The first thing you should do is change the <c>fixed</c>
and <c>variable</c> definitions in
<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end
in <c>iso8859-15</c> instead of <c>iso8859-1</c>.
</p>

<pre caption="setting default X fonts">
fixed        -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15
variable     -*-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15
</pre>

<p>
Some applications use their own font, and you will have to
tell them separately to use a font with the Euro symbol.  You
can do this at a user-specific level in
<path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file to
<path>/etc/skel/</path> for use by new users), or at a global
level for any application with a resource file in
<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm).  In
these files you generally have to change an existing line,
rather than adding a new one.  To change our xterm font, for
instance:
</p>

<pre caption="setting fonts for xterm">
<comment>(in your home directory)</comment>
# <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i>
# <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i>
</pre>

</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>The Euro symbol in (X)Emacs</title>
<body>

<p>
To use the Euro symbol in (X)Emacs, add the following to
<path>.Xdefaults</path>:
</p>

<pre caption="setting the font for emacs">
Emacs.default.attributeFont: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15
</pre>

<p>
For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little
more.  In <path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add:
</p>

<pre caption="setting the font for xemacs">
(define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[&#8364;])
</pre>

<note>
The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol.
</note>

</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Language for OpenOffice.org</title>
<body>

<note>
Customized default language is not available for openoffice-bin ebuild. The
default language in the openoffice-bin is ENUS.
</note>

<p>
Please note that this package now uses the LINGUAS variable to
provide localization. The old LANGUAGE=ENUS|PORT system does <e>not</e> work
anymore. The default language for OpenOffice.org is set as "US English". If you
wish to change the default language for OpenOffice.org, check the ebuild for the
default language code.
</p>

<pre caption="Example: emerge openoffice for german environment">
# <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i>
<comment>(Add in the LINGUAS variable. For instance, for the German language:)</comment>
LINGUAS="de"

<comment>(Now install openoffice)</comment>
# <i>emerge openoffice</i>
</pre>

</body>
</section>
</chapter>

</guide>
1	swift	1.6	<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
2	fox2mike	1.27	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/guide-localization.xml,v 1.26 2005/06/10 18:43:56 swift Exp $ -->
3	swift	1.6	<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
4
5			<guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml">
6	antifa	1.4	<title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title>
7	dertobi123	1.12	<author title="Author">
8	pylon	1.16	Alexander Holler
9	drobbins	1.1	</author>
10	dertobi123	1.12	<author title="Translator/Editor">
11			<mail link="slucy@uchicago.edu">Steven Lucy</mail>
12	antifa	1.4	</author>
13	bennyc	1.8	<author title="Editor">
14			<mail link="bennyc@gentoo.org">Benny Chuang</mail>
15			</author>
16	dertobi123	1.11	<author title="Editor">
17			<mail link="pylon@gentoo.org">Lars Weiler</mail>
18			</author>
19	dertobi123	1.15	<author title="Editor">
20			<mail link="dertobi123@gentoo.org">Tobias Scherbaum</mail>
21			</author>
22	swift	1.18	<author title="Editor">
23			<mail link="flammie@gentoo.org">Flammie Pirinen</mail>
24			</author>
25	dertobi123	1.12
26	antifa	1.4	<abstract>
27			This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux distribution to any
28	dertobi123	1.12	European locale. It uses Germany as a case-study, since it is translated from
29	swift	1.23	the German doc. Includes configuration for use of the euro currency symbol.
30	antifa	1.4	</abstract>
31	drobbins	1.1
32	fox2mike	1.27	<version>1.18</version>
33			<date>2005-06-20</date>
34	dertobi123	1.12
35	drobbins	1.1	<chapter>
36	swift	1.23	<title>Time zone</title>
37	drobbins	1.1	<section>
38	dertobi123	1.12	<body>
39
40			<p>
41			In order to keep time properly, <path>/etc/localtime</path> must point to
42			the correct time zone data file. Look around in
43			<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</path> and pick your timezone or a near-by big city.
44			</p>
45
46	antifa	1.4	<pre caption="setting the timezone">
47	drobbins	1.1	# <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime</i>
48	antifa	1.4	# <i>date</i>
49			Sun Feb 16 08:26:44 CET 2003
50	drobbins	1.1	</pre>
51	dertobi123	1.12
52			<note>
53			Make sure that the three-letter timezone indicator (in this case "CET")
54			is correct for your area.
55			</note>
56
57			<note>
58	cam	1.13	You can set the value of <c>TZ</c> to be everything after the
59	aaby	1.10	<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path> in your shell rc file
60	antifa	1.4	(<path>.bash_profile</path> for bash) for a user-level setting. In this case
61	cam	1.13	<c>TZ="Europe/Berlin"</c>.
62	dertobi123	1.12	</note>
63
64			</body>
65	drobbins	1.1	</section>
66			</chapter>
67
68			<chapter>
69	swift	1.26	<title>Hardware Clock</title>
70	drobbins	1.1	<section>
71	dertobi123	1.12	<body>
72
73			<p>
74	swift	1.26	In most Gentoo Linux installations, your hardware clock is set to
75	swift	1.23	UTC (or GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and then your timezone is
76	dertobi123	1.12	taken into account to determine the actual, local time. If,
77	swift	1.26	for some reason, you need your hardware clock not to be in UTC,
78	dertobi123	1.12	you will need to edit <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and change the
79	swift	1.26	value of <c>CLOCK</c> from <c>UTC</c> to <c>local</c>.
80	dertobi123	1.12	</p>
81	antifa	1.4
82			<pre caption="local vs. GMT clock">
83	neysx	1.20	<comment>(recommended:)</comment>
84	dertobi123	1.12	CLOCK="UTC"
85	neysx	1.20	<comment>(or:)</comment>
86	dertobi123	1.12	CLOCK="local"
87	drobbins	1.1	</pre>
88	dertobi123	1.12
89			</body>
90	drobbins	1.1	</section>
91			</chapter>
92
93			<chapter>
94	swift	1.18	<title>Locale system</title>
95	drobbins	1.1	<section>
96	swift	1.18	<title>What are locales?</title>
97	dertobi123	1.12	<body>
98
99			<p>
100	swift	1.18	A Locale is a set of information that most programs use for determining
101			country and language specific settings. The locales and their data
102			are part of the system library and can be found
103			at <path>/usr/share/locale</path> on most systems. A locale name is generally
104	swift	1.25	named <c>ab_CD</c> where <c>ab</c> is your two (or three) letter
105	swift	1.18	language code (as specified in ISO-639) and <c>CD</c> is your two letter country
106			code (as specified in ISO-3199).
107			</p>
108
109			</body>
110			</section>
111			<section>
112			<title>Environment variables for locales</title>
113			<body>
114
115			<p>
116			Locale settings are stored in environment variables. These are typically
117			set in the <path>/etc/env.d/02locale</path> (for system-wide
118			settings) and <path>~/.bashrc</path> (for user-specific settings) file.
119			The variables controlling different aspects of locale settings
120			are given in the table below, those with highest precedence (ie. those
121			that override settings below them) are at the top of the table. All variables
122			take one name of a locale in <c>ab_CD</c> format given above.
123			</p>
124
125			<table>
126			<tr>
127			<th>Variable name</th>
128			<th>Explanation</th>
129			</tr>
130			<tr>
131			<ti>LC_ALL</ti>
132			<ti>
133			Define all locale settings at once. This is the top level setting for
134			locales which will override any other setting.
135			</ti>
136			</tr>
137			<tr>
138			<ti>LC_COLLATE</ti>
139			<ti>
140			Define alphabetical ordering of strings. This affects eg. output of sorted
141	swift	1.23	directory listing.
142	swift	1.18	</ti>
143			</tr>
144			<tr>
145			<ti>LC_CTYPE</ti>
146			<ti>
147			Define the character handling properties for the system. This determines
148			which characters are seen as part of alphabet, numeric and so on. This also
149			determines the character set used, if applicable.
150			</ti>
151			</tr>
152			<tr>
153			<ti>LC_MESSAGES</ti>
154			<ti>
155			Programs' localizations for applications that use message based localization
156			scheme (majority of Gnu programs, see next chapters for closer information
157			which do, and how to get the programs, that don't, to work).
158			</ti>
159			</tr>
160			<tr>
161			<ti>LC_MONETARY</ti>
162			<ti>Defines currency units and formatting of currency type numeric values.</ti>
163			</tr>
164			<tr>
165			<ti>LC_NUMERIC</ti>
166			<ti>
167			Defines formatting of numeric values which aren't monetary. Affects things
168			such as thousand separator and decimal separator.
169			</ti>
170			</tr>
171			<tr>
172			<ti>LC_TIME</ti>
173			<ti>Defines formatting of dates and times.</ti>
174			</tr>
175			<tr>
176			<ti>LC_PAPER</ti>
177			<ti>Defines default paper size.</ti>
178			</tr>
179			<tr>
180			<ti>LANG</ti>
181			<ti>
182			Defines all locale settings at once. This setting can be overridden by
183			individual LC_* settings above or even by LC_ALL.
184			</ti>
185			</tr>
186			</table>
187
188	swift	1.25	<note>
189			Even though most programs work with LC_ALL only, some of them misbehave if
190			LC_ALL is set but LANG isn't. If you want to play safe, set them <e>both</e>.
191			</note>
192
193	swift	1.18	<p>
194			Most typically users only set the LANG variable and perhaps LC_CTYPE variable
195			on user level by adding definitions to shells startup files defining
196			the environment variable manually from command line:
197	dertobi123	1.12	</p>
198
199	swift	1.18	<pre caption="setting the German locale">
200	dertobi123	1.12	export LANG="de_DE@euro"
201	drobbins	1.1	</pre>
202	dertobi123	1.12
203			<note>
204	swift	1.18	Append <c>@euro</c> to your locale if you want to use the Euro
205	dertobi123	1.12	currency symbol (€)
206			</note>
207
208	swift	1.18	<p>
209			For message based localization to work in programs that support it, you will
210			probably need to have programs compiled with the <c>nls</c> (Native language
211			support) USE flag set. Most of the programs using nls also need the gettext
212			library to extract and use localized messages. Of course, Gentoo's Portage will
213			automatically install it when needed.
214			</p>
215
216	dertobi123	1.12	</body>
217	drobbins	1.1	</section>
218	swift	1.14	<section>
219			<title>Generating Specific Locales</title>
220			<body>
221
222			<p>
223			If you use a locale that isn't available by default, you should use
224			<c>localedef</c> to generate your locale. For instance:
225			</p>
226
227			<pre caption="Generating a locale using localedef">
228			# <i>localedef -c -i en_US -f ISO-8859-15 en_US.ISO-8859-15</i>
229			</pre>
230
231			<p>
232			After having generated the locale, you can export the LANG variable as you see
233			fit.
234			</p>
235
236			<pre caption="Exporting the LANG variable">
237			# <i>export LANG="en_US.ISO-8859-15"</i>
238			</pre>
239
240			</body>
241			</section>
242	dertobi123	1.15	<section>
243			<title>The userlocales USE flag</title>
244			<body>
245
246			<p>
247			You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. Up until now
248			after compiling <c>glibc</c> a full set of all available locales has been
249	swift	1.23	created. As of now you can activate the <c>userlocales</c> USE flag and specify
250	dertobi123	1.15	only the locales you will need in <path>/etc/locales.build</path>.
251			</p>
252
253			<pre caption="Activate the userlocales USE flag especially for glibc">
254			echo "sys-libs/glibc userlocales" >> /etc/portage/package.use
255			</pre>
256
257			<p>
258			Now specify the locales you want to be able to use:
259			</p>
260
261	swift	1.18	<pre caption="Adding locales to /etc/locales.build">
262	dertobi123	1.15	en_US/ISO-8859-1
263			en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8
264			de_DE/ISO-8859-1
265			de_DE@euro/ISO-8859-15
266			</pre>
267
268			<p>
269			The next step is to re-compile <c>glibc</c>. Of course you can defer this until
270			the next <c>glibc</c> upgrade is available.
271			</p>
272
273			</body>
274			</section>
275	drobbins	1.1	</chapter>
276
277			<chapter>
278	antifa	1.4	<title>Keyboard layout for the console</title>
279	drobbins	1.1	<section>
280	dertobi123	1.12	<body>
281
282			<p>
283			The keyboard layout used by the console is set in
284	fox2mike	1.27	<path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path> by the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable.
285	dertobi123	1.12	Valid values can be found in
286	cam	1.13	<path>/usr/share/keymaps/<c>{arch}</c>/</path>.
287	dertobi123	1.12	<path>i386</path> has further subdivisions into layout
288			(<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.). Some
289			languages have multiple options, so you may wish to experiment
290			to decide which one fits your needs best.
291			</p>
292
293	antifa	1.4	<pre caption="setting the console keymap">
294	dertobi123	1.12	KEYMAP="de"
295			KEYMAP="de-latin1"
296			KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys"
297	drobbins	1.1	</pre>
298	dertobi123	1.12
299			</body>
300	drobbins	1.1	</section>
301			</chapter>
302
303			<chapter>
304	antifa	1.4	<title>Keyboard layout for the X server</title>
305	drobbins	1.1	<section>
306	dertobi123	1.12	<body>
307
308			<p>
309			The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified
310	alin	1.21	in <path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> by the <c>XkbLayout</c>
311	dertobi123	1.12	option.
312			</p>
313
314	antifa	1.4	<pre caption="setting the X keymap">
315	drobbins	1.1	Section "InputDevice"
316			Identifier "Keyboard1"
317			...
318			Option "XkbLayout" "de"
319	aaby	1.10	# Option "XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys"
320	drobbins	1.1	...
321			</pre>
322	dertobi123	1.12
323			</body>
324	drobbins	1.1	</section>
325			</chapter>
326
327			<chapter>
328	dertobi123	1.11	<title>KDE</title>
329			<section>
330			<body>
331
332			<p>
333			For KDE you have to install the kde-i18n package with the appropriate
334	swift	1.22	LINGUAS variable set:
335			</p>
336	dertobi123	1.11
337			<pre caption="Install localized KDE">
338	swift	1.22	# <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i>
339			<comment>(Add in the LINGUAS variable. For instance, for the German language:)</comment>
340			LINGUAS="de"
341
342			<comment>(Now install kde-i18n)</comment>
343			# <i>emerge kde-i18n</i>
344	dertobi123	1.11	</pre>
345
346			</body>
347			</section>
348			</chapter>
349
350			<chapter>
351	antifa	1.4	<title>The Euro Symbol for the Console</title>
352	drobbins	1.1	<section>
353	dertobi123	1.12	<body>
354
355			<p>
356			In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you
357	cam	1.13	will need to set <c>CONSOLEFONT</c> in
358	dertobi123	1.12	<path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to a file found in
359			<path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the
360			<c>.psfu.gz</c>). <c>lat9w-16</c> has the Euro symbol.
361			</p>
362
363	antifa	1.4	<pre caption="setting the console font">
364	dertobi123	1.12	CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16"
365	drobbins	1.1	</pre>
366	dertobi123	1.12
367			</body>
368	drobbins	1.1	</section>
369			</chapter>
370
371			<chapter>
372	dertobi123	1.12	<title>The Euro Symbol in X</title>
373	drobbins	1.1	<section>
374	dertobi123	1.12	<title>Most Applications</title>
375			<body>
376
377			<p>
378			Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little
379	cam	1.13	bit tougher. The first thing you should do is change the <c>fixed</c>
380			and <c>variable</c> definitions in
381	dertobi123	1.12	<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end
382	cam	1.13	in <c>iso8859-15</c> instead of <c>iso8859-1</c>.
383	dertobi123	1.12	</p>
384
385	antifa	1.4	<pre caption="setting default X fonts">
386	dertobi123	1.12	fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15
387			variable --helvetica-bold-r-normal---120----*-iso8859-15
388	antifa	1.4	</pre>
389	dertobi123	1.12
390			<p>
391			Some applications use their own font, and you will have to
392			tell them separately to use a font with the Euro symbol. You
393			can do this at a user-specific level in
394			<path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file to
395			<path>/etc/skel/</path> for use by new users), or at a global
396			level for any application with a resource file in
397			<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm). In
398			these files you generally have to change an existing line,
399			rather than adding a new one. To change our xterm font, for
400			instance:
401			</p>
402
403	antifa	1.4	<pre caption="setting fonts for xterm">
404	neysx	1.20	<comment>(in your home directory)</comment>
405	dertobi123	1.12	# <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i>
406			# <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i>
407	drobbins	1.1	</pre>
408	dertobi123	1.12
409			</body>
410	drobbins	1.1	</section>
411	dertobi123	1.12	<section>
412			<title>The Euro symbol in (X)Emacs</title>
413			<body>
414
415			<p>
416			To use the Euro symbol in (X)Emacs, add the following to
417			<path>.Xdefaults</path>:
418			</p>
419	drobbins	1.1
420	antifa	1.4	<pre caption="setting the font for emacs">
421	dertobi123	1.12	Emacs.default.attributeFont: --courier-medium-r----120-----iso8859-15
422	drobbins	1.1	</pre>
423	dertobi123	1.12
424			<p>
425			For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little
426			more. In <path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add:
427			</p>
428
429	antifa	1.4	<pre caption="setting the font for xemacs">
430	dertobi123	1.12	(define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[€])
431	drobbins	1.1	</pre>
432	dertobi123	1.12
433			<note>
434			The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol.
435			</note>
436
437			</body>
438			</section>
439			<section>
440	swift	1.23	<title>Language for OpenOffice.org</title>
441	dertobi123	1.12	<body>
442
443			<note>
444			Customized default language is not available for openoffice-bin ebuild. The
445			default language in the openoffice-bin is ENUS.
446			</note>
447
448			<p>
449	swift	1.22	Please note that this package now uses the LINGUAS variable to
450	dertobi123	1.19	provide localization. The old LANGUAGE=ENUS\|PORT system does <e>not</e> work
451	swift	1.23	anymore. The default language for OpenOffice.org is set as "US English". If you
452			wish to change the default language for OpenOffice.org, check the ebuild for the
453	dertobi123	1.19	default language code.
454	dertobi123	1.12	</p>
455
456	dertobi123	1.19	<pre caption="Example: emerge openoffice for german environment">
457	swift	1.22	# <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i>
458			<comment>(Add in the LINGUAS variable. For instance, for the German language:)</comment>
459			LINGUAS="de"
460
461			<comment>(Now install openoffice)</comment>
462			# <i>emerge openoffice</i>
463	bennyc	1.8	</pre>
464	dertobi123	1.12
465			</body>
466	bennyc	1.8	</section>
467	drobbins	1.1	</chapter>
468
469			</guide>