doc/en/guide-localization.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">

<guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml">
<title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title>
<author title="Author"><mail link="holler@ahsoftware.de">
        Alexander Holler</mail>
</author>
<author title="Translator/Editor"><mail link="slucy@uchicago.edu">
        Steven Lucy</mail>
</author>
<author title="Editor">
  <mail link="bennyc@gentoo.org">Benny Chuang</mail>
</author>
<abstract>
This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux distribution to any
European locale.  It uses Germany as a case-study, since it is translated from
the German doc.  Includes configuration for use of the Euro currency symbol.
</abstract>

<chapter>
<title>Timezone</title>
<section>
        <body>
                <p>In order to keep time properly,
                <path>/etc/localtime</path> must point to the correct time zone
                data file.  Look around in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</path>
                and pick your timezone or a near-by big city.
<pre caption="setting the timezone">
# <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime</i>
# <i>date</i>
Sun Feb 16 08:26:44 CET 2003
</pre>
<note>Make sure that the three-letter timezone indicator (in this case "CET")
is correct for your area.</note>
<note>You can set the value of <i>TZ</i> to be everything after the
<path>/usr/share/zoninfo</path> in your shell rc file
(<path>.bash_profile</path> for bash) for a user-level setting.  In this case
<i>TZ="Europe/Berlin"</i>.</note>
                </p>
        </body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>System Clock</title>
<section>
        <body>
                <p>
                In most Gentoo Linux installations, your system clock is set to
                UTC (or GMT, Greenwhich Mean Time) and then your timezone is
                taken into account to determine the actual, local time.  If,
                for some reason, you need your system clock not to be in UTC,
                you will need to edit <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and change the
                value of <i>CLOCK</i>.

<pre caption="local vs. GMT clock">
 <codenote>recommended:</codenote>
 CLOCK="UTC"
 <codenote>or:</codenote>
 CLOCK="local"
</pre>
                </p>
        </body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>POSIX Locale</title>
<section>
        <body>
                <p>
                The next step is to set the <i>LANG</i> shell variable, which
                is used by your shell and window manager (and some other
                applications).  Valid values can be found in
                <path>/usr/share/locale</path> and generally take the form
                <i>ab_CD</i>, where <i>ab</i> is your two letter language code
                and <i>CD</i> is your two letter country code.  the <i>_CD</i>
                is left off if your language is only (or primarily) spoken in
                one country.  <i>LANG</i> can be set in
                <path>/etc/profile</path> if you want it to take effect
                system-wide, or in <path>~/.bashrc</path> as a user-specific
                setting.
<pre caption="setting the POSIX locale">
 export LANG="de_DE@euro"
</pre>
<note>Appended <i>@euro</i> to your locale if you want to use the new Euro
currency symbol (&#8364;)</note>
                </p>
        </body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>Keyboard layout for the console</title>
<section>
        <body>
                <p>
                The keyboard layout used by the console is set in
                <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> by the <i>KEYMAP</i> variable.
                Valid values can be found in
                <path>/usr/share/keymaps/<i>{arch}</i>/</path>.
                <path>i386</path> has further subdivisions into layout
                (<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.).  Some
                languages have multiple options, so you may wish to experiment
                to decide which one fits your needs best.
<pre caption="setting the console keymap">
 KEYMAP="de"
 KEYMAP="de-latin1"
 KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys"
</pre>
                </p>
        </body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>Keyboard layout for the X server</title>
<section>
        <body>
                <p>The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified
                in <path>/etc/X11/XF86Config</path> by the <i>XkbLayout</i>
                option.
<pre caption="setting the X keymap">
 Section "InputDevice"
     Identifier  "Keyboard1"
     ...
     Option "XkbLayout"    "de"
     # Option XkbVariant"  "nodeadkeys"
     ...
</pre>
                </p>
        </body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<title>The Euro Symbol for the Console</title>
<section>
        <body>
                <p>
                In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you
                will need to set <i>CONSOLEFONT</i> in
                <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to a file found in
                <path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the
                <c>.psfu.gz</c>).  <c>lat0-16</c> has the Euro symbol.
<pre caption="setting the console font">
 CONSOLEFONT="lat0-16"
</pre>
                </p>
        </body>
</section>
</chapter>

<chapter>
        <title>The Euro Symbol in X</title>
<section>
        <title>Most Applications</title>
        <body>
                <p>Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little
                bit tougher.  The first thing you should do is change the <i>
                fixed</i> and <i>variable</i> definitions in
                <path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end
                in <i>iso8859-15</i> instead of <i>iso8859-1</i>.
<pre caption="setting default X fonts">
 fixed        -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15
 variable     -*-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15
</pre>
                </p>
                <p>Some applications use their own font, and you will have to
                tell them separately to use a font with the Euro symbol.  You
                can do this at a user-specific level in
                <path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file to
                <path>/etc/skel/</path> for use by new users), or at a global
                level for any application with a resource file in
                <path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm).  In
                these files you generally have to change an existing line,
                rather than adding a new one.  To change our xterm font, for
                instance:
<pre caption="setting fonts for xterm">
 <codenote>(in your home directory)</codenote>
 $ <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i>
 $ <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i>
</pre>
                </p>
        </body>
</section>

<section>
        <title>The Euro symbol in (X)Emacs</title>
        <body>
                <p>To use the Euro symbol in (X)Emacs, add the following to
                <path>.Xdefaults</path>:
<pre caption="setting the font for emacs">
 Emacs.default.attributeFont: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15
</pre>
                </p><p>For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little
                more.  In <path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add:
<pre caption="setting the font for xemacs">
 (define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[&#8364;])
</pre>
                <note>The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol.</note>
                </p>
        </body>
</section>
<section>
  <title>Language for OpenOffice</title>
  <body>
    <note>
      Customized default language is not available for openoffice-bin ebuild. The
      default language in the openoffice-bin is ENUS.
    </note>
    <p>
      The default language for OpenOffice is set as "ENUS"(01). If you wish to
      change the default language for OpenOffice, check the ebuild for the
      default language code. 
    </p>
<pre caption="emerge openoffice with desired default language">
# <i>LANGUAGE="01" emerge openoffice</i>
<comment>01 is the ENUS language code for openoffice</comment>
</pre>
  </body>
</section>
</chapter>

<version>1.8</version>
<date>October 25, 2003</date>
</guide>
1	<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
2	<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
3
4	<guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml">
5	<title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title>
6	<author title="Author"><mail link="holler@ahsoftware.de">
7	Alexander Holler</mail>
8	</author>
9	<author title="Translator/Editor"><mail link="slucy@uchicago.edu">
10	Steven Lucy</mail>
11	</author>
12	<author title="Editor">
13	<mail link="bennyc@gentoo.org">Benny Chuang</mail>
14	</author>
15	<abstract>
16	This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux distribution to any
17	European locale. It uses Germany as a case-study, since it is translated from
18	the German doc. Includes configuration for use of the Euro currency symbol.
19	</abstract>
20
21	<chapter>
22	<title>Timezone</title>
23	<section>
24	<body>
25	<p>In order to keep time properly,
26	<path>/etc/localtime</path> must point to the correct time zone
27	data file. Look around in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</path>
28	and pick your timezone or a near-by big city.
29	<pre caption="setting the timezone">
30	# <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime</i>
31	# <i>date</i>
32	Sun Feb 16 08:26:44 CET 2003
33	</pre>
34	<note>Make sure that the three-letter timezone indicator (in this case "CET")
35	is correct for your area.</note>
36	<note>You can set the value of <i>TZ</i> to be everything after the
37	<path>/usr/share/zoninfo</path> in your shell rc file
38	(<path>.bash_profile</path> for bash) for a user-level setting. In this case
39	<i>TZ="Europe/Berlin"</i>.</note>
40	</p>
41	</body>
42	</section>
43	</chapter>
44
45	<chapter>
46	<title>System Clock</title>
47	<section>
48	<body>
49	<p>
50	In most Gentoo Linux installations, your system clock is set to
51	UTC (or GMT, Greenwhich Mean Time) and then your timezone is
52	taken into account to determine the actual, local time. If,
53	for some reason, you need your system clock not to be in UTC,
54	you will need to edit <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and change the
55	value of <i>CLOCK</i>.
56
57	<pre caption="local vs. GMT clock">
58	<codenote>recommended:</codenote>
59	CLOCK="UTC"
60	<codenote>or:</codenote>
61	CLOCK="local"
62	</pre>
63	</p>
64	</body>
65	</section>
66	</chapter>
67
68	<chapter>
69	<title>POSIX Locale</title>
70	<section>
71	<body>
72	<p>
73	The next step is to set the <i>LANG</i> shell variable, which
74	is used by your shell and window manager (and some other
75	applications). Valid values can be found in
76	<path>/usr/share/locale</path> and generally take the form
77	<i>ab_CD</i>, where <i>ab</i> is your two letter language code
78	and <i>CD</i> is your two letter country code. the <i>_CD</i>
79	is left off if your language is only (or primarily) spoken in
80	one country. <i>LANG</i> can be set in
81	<path>/etc/profile</path> if you want it to take effect
82	system-wide, or in <path>~/.bashrc</path> as a user-specific
83	setting.
84	<pre caption="setting the POSIX locale">
85	export LANG="de_DE@euro"
86	</pre>
87	<note>Appended <i>@euro</i> to your locale if you want to use the new Euro
88	currency symbol (€)</note>
89	</p>
90	</body>
91	</section>
92	</chapter>
93
94	<chapter>
95	<title>Keyboard layout for the console</title>
96	<section>
97	<body>
98	<p>
99	The keyboard layout used by the console is set in
100	<path>/etc/rc.conf</path> by the <i>KEYMAP</i> variable.
101	Valid values can be found in
102	<path>/usr/share/keymaps/<i>{arch}</i>/</path>.
103	<path>i386</path> has further subdivisions into layout
104	(<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.). Some
105	languages have multiple options, so you may wish to experiment
106	to decide which one fits your needs best.
107	<pre caption="setting the console keymap">
108	KEYMAP="de"
109	KEYMAP="de-latin1"
110	KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys"
111	</pre>
112	</p>
113	</body>
114	</section>
115	</chapter>
116
117	<chapter>
118	<title>Keyboard layout for the X server</title>
119	<section>
120	<body>
121	<p>The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified
122	in <path>/etc/X11/XF86Config</path> by the <i>XkbLayout</i>
123	option.
124	<pre caption="setting the X keymap">
125	Section "InputDevice"
126	Identifier "Keyboard1"
127	...
128	Option "XkbLayout" "de"
129	# Option XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys"
130	...
131	</pre>
132	</p>
133	</body>
134	</section>
135	</chapter>
136
137	<chapter>
138	<title>The Euro Symbol for the Console</title>
139	<section>
140	<body>
141	<p>
142	In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you
143	will need to set <i>CONSOLEFONT</i> in
144	<path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to a file found in
145	<path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the
146	<c>.psfu.gz</c>). <c>lat0-16</c> has the Euro symbol.
147	<pre caption="setting the console font">
148	CONSOLEFONT="lat0-16"
149	</pre>
150	</p>
151	</body>
152	</section>
153	</chapter>
154
155	<chapter>
156	<title>The Euro Symbol in X</title>
157	<section>
158	<title>Most Applications</title>
159	<body>
160	<p>Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little
161	bit tougher. The first thing you should do is change the <i>
162	fixed</i> and <i>variable</i> definitions in
163	<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end
164	in <i>iso8859-15</i> instead of <i>iso8859-1</i>.
165	<pre caption="setting default X fonts">
166	fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15
167	variable --helvetica-bold-r-normal---120----*-iso8859-15
168	</pre>
169	</p>
170	<p>Some applications use their own font, and you will have to
171	tell them separately to use a font with the Euro symbol. You
172	can do this at a user-specific level in
173	<path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file to
174	<path>/etc/skel/</path> for use by new users), or at a global
175	level for any application with a resource file in
176	<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm). In
177	these files you generally have to change an existing line,
178	rather than adding a new one. To change our xterm font, for
179	instance:
180	<pre caption="setting fonts for xterm">
181	<codenote>(in your home directory)</codenote>
182	$ <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i>
183	$ <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i>
184	</pre>
185	</p>
186	</body>
187	</section>
188
189	<section>
190	<title>The Euro symbol in (X)Emacs</title>
191	<body>
192	<p>To use the Euro symbol in (X)Emacs, add the following to
193	<path>.Xdefaults</path>:
194	<pre caption="setting the font for emacs">
195	Emacs.default.attributeFont: --courier-medium-r----120-----iso8859-15
196	</pre>
197	</p><p>For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little
198	more. In <path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add:
199	<pre caption="setting the font for xemacs">
200	(define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[€])
201	</pre>
202	<note>The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol.</note>
203	</p>
204	</body>
205	</section>
206	<section>
207	<title>Language for OpenOffice</title>
208	<body>
209	<note>
210	Customized default language is not available for openoffice-bin ebuild. The
211	default language in the openoffice-bin is ENUS.
212	</note>
213	<p>
214	The default language for OpenOffice is set as "ENUS"(01). If you wish to
215	change the default language for OpenOffice, check the ebuild for the
216	default language code.
217	</p>
218	<pre caption="emerge openoffice with desired default language">
219	# <i>LANGUAGE="01" emerge openoffice</i>
220	<comment>01 is the ENUS language code for openoffice</comment>
221	</pre>
222	</body>
223	</section>
224	</chapter>
225
226	<version>1.8</version>
227	<date>October 25, 2003</date>
228	</guide>