| 1 | <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
1 | <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
| 2 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/guide-localization.xml,v 1.15 2004/11/01 20:15:44 dertobi123 Exp $ --> |
2 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/guide-localization.xml,v 1.59 2009/11/15 21:01:20 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
| 3 | <!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
3 | <!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
| 4 | |
4 | |
| 5 | <guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml"> |
5 | <guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml"> |
| 6 | <title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title> |
6 | <title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title> |
| 7 | <author title="Author"> |
7 | <author title="Author"> |
| 8 | <mail link="holler@gentoo.de">Alexander Holler</mail> |
8 | Alexander Holler |
| 9 | </author> |
9 | </author> |
| 10 | <author title="Translator/Editor"> |
10 | <author title="Translator/Editor"> |
| 11 | <mail link="slucy@uchicago.edu">Steven Lucy</mail> |
11 | <mail link="slucy@uchicago.edu">Steven Lucy</mail> |
| 12 | </author> |
12 | </author> |
| 13 | <author title="Editor"> |
13 | <author title="Editor"> |
| … | |
… | |
| 16 | <author title="Editor"> |
16 | <author title="Editor"> |
| 17 | <mail link="pylon@gentoo.org">Lars Weiler</mail> |
17 | <mail link="pylon@gentoo.org">Lars Weiler</mail> |
| 18 | </author> |
18 | </author> |
| 19 | <author title="Editor"> |
19 | <author title="Editor"> |
| 20 | <mail link="dertobi123@gentoo.org">Tobias Scherbaum</mail> |
20 | <mail link="dertobi123@gentoo.org">Tobias Scherbaum</mail> |
|
|
21 | </author> |
|
|
22 | <author title="Editor"> |
|
|
23 | <mail link="flammie@gentoo.org">Flammie Pirinen</mail> |
|
|
24 | </author> |
|
|
25 | <author title="Editor"> |
|
|
26 | <mail link="nightmorph"/> |
| 21 | </author> |
27 | </author> |
| 22 | |
28 | |
| 23 | <abstract> |
29 | <abstract> |
| 24 | This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux distribution to any |
30 | This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux distribution to any |
| 25 | European locale. It uses Germany as a case-study, since it is translated from |
31 | European locale. It uses Germany as a case-study, since it is translated from |
| 26 | the German doc. Includes configuration for use of the Euro currency symbol. |
32 | the German doc. Includes configuration for use of the euro currency symbol. |
| 27 | </abstract> |
33 | </abstract> |
| 28 | |
34 | |
| 29 | <version>1.11</version> |
35 | <version>1.45</version> |
| 30 | <date>November 1, 2004</date> |
36 | <date>2009-11-15</date> |
| 31 | |
37 | |
| 32 | <chapter> |
38 | <chapter> |
| 33 | <title>Timezone</title> |
39 | <title>Time zone</title> |
| 34 | <section> |
40 | <section> |
| 35 | <body> |
41 | <body> |
| 36 | |
42 | |
| 37 | <p> |
|
|
| 38 | In order to keep time properly, <path>/etc/localtime</path> must point to |
|
|
| 39 | the correct time zone data file. Look around in |
|
|
| 40 | <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</path> and pick your timezone or a near-by big city. |
|
|
| 41 | </p> |
43 | <p> |
|
|
44 | In order to keep time properly, you need to select your timezone so that your |
|
|
45 | system knows where it is located. Look for your timezone in |
|
|
46 | <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>. You then set your timezone in |
|
|
47 | <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path>. Please avoid the |
|
|
48 | <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT*</path> timezones as their names do not |
|
|
49 | indicate the expected zones. For instance, <path>GMT-8</path> is in fact GMT+8. |
|
|
50 | </p> |
| 42 | |
51 | |
| 43 | <pre caption="setting the timezone"> |
52 | <pre caption="Setting the timezone information"> |
|
|
53 | # <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i> |
|
|
54 | <comment>(Suppose you want to use Brussels)</comment> |
|
|
55 | <comment>(First copy the proper zone to localtime)</comment> |
| 44 | # <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime</i> |
56 | # <i>cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Brussels /etc/localtime</i> |
|
|
57 | <comment>(Now specify your timezone)</comment> |
|
|
58 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock</i> |
|
|
59 | TIMEZONE="Europe/Brussels" |
|
|
60 | |
| 45 | # <i>date</i> |
61 | # <i>date</i> |
| 46 | Sun Feb 16 08:26:44 CET 2003 |
62 | Wed Mar 8 00:46:05 CET 2006 |
| 47 | </pre> |
63 | </pre> |
| 48 | |
64 | |
| 49 | <note> |
65 | <note> |
| 50 | Make sure that the three-letter timezone indicator (in this case "CET") |
66 | Make sure that the timezone indicator (in this case "CET") |
| 51 | is correct for your area. |
67 | is correct for your area. |
| 52 | </note> |
68 | </note> |
| 53 | |
69 | |
| 54 | <note> |
70 | <note> |
| 55 | You can set the value of <c>TZ</c> to be everything after the |
71 | You can set the value of <c>TZ</c> to be everything after the |
| … | |
… | |
| 61 | </body> |
77 | </body> |
| 62 | </section> |
78 | </section> |
| 63 | </chapter> |
79 | </chapter> |
| 64 | |
80 | |
| 65 | <chapter> |
81 | <chapter> |
| 66 | <title>System Clock</title> |
82 | <title>Hardware Clock</title> |
| 67 | <section> |
83 | <section> |
| 68 | <body> |
84 | <body> |
| 69 | |
85 | |
| 70 | <p> |
86 | <p> |
| 71 | In most Gentoo Linux installations, your system clock is set to |
87 | In most Gentoo Linux installations, your hardware clock is set to |
| 72 | UTC (or GMT, Greenwhich Mean Time) and then your timezone is |
88 | UTC (or GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and then your timezone is |
| 73 | taken into account to determine the actual, local time. If, |
89 | taken into account to determine the actual, local time. If, |
| 74 | for some reason, you need your system clock not to be in UTC, |
90 | for some reason, you need your hardware clock not to be in UTC, |
| 75 | you will need to edit <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and change the |
91 | you will need to edit <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path> and change the |
| 76 | value of <c>CLOCK</c>. |
92 | value of <c>CLOCK</c> from <c>UTC</c> to <c>local</c>. |
| 77 | </p> |
93 | </p> |
| 78 | |
94 | |
| 79 | <pre caption="local vs. GMT clock"> |
95 | <pre caption="local vs. GMT clock"> |
| 80 | <codenote>recommended:</codenote> |
96 | <comment>(recommended:)</comment> |
| 81 | CLOCK="UTC" |
97 | CLOCK="UTC" |
| 82 | <codenote>or:</codenote> |
98 | <comment>(or:)</comment> |
| 83 | CLOCK="local" |
99 | CLOCK="local" |
| 84 | </pre> |
100 | </pre> |
| 85 | |
101 | |
| 86 | </body> |
102 | </body> |
| 87 | </section> |
103 | </section> |
| 88 | </chapter> |
104 | </chapter> |
| 89 | |
105 | |
| 90 | <chapter> |
106 | <chapter> |
| 91 | <title>POSIX Locale</title> |
107 | <title>Locale system</title> |
|
|
108 | <section> |
|
|
109 | <title>What are locales?</title> |
|
|
110 | <body> |
|
|
111 | |
|
|
112 | <p> |
|
|
113 | A Locale is a set of information that most programs use for determining country |
|
|
114 | and language specific settings. The locales and their data are part of the |
|
|
115 | system library and can be found at <path>/usr/share/locale</path> on most |
|
|
116 | systems. A locale name is generally named <c>ab_CD</c> where <c>ab</c> is your |
|
|
117 | two (or three) letter language code (as specified in ISO-639) and <c>CD</c> is |
|
|
118 | your two letter country code (as specified in ISO-3166). Variants are often |
|
|
119 | appended to locale names, e.g. <c>en_GB.UTF-8</c> or <c>de_DE@euro</c>. Please |
|
|
120 | explore <uri link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale">Wikipedia</uri> to read |
|
|
121 | more about locales and related articles. |
|
|
122 | </p> |
|
|
123 | |
|
|
124 | </body> |
| 92 | <section> |
125 | </section> |
| 93 | <title>Using Existing Locales</title> |
126 | <section id="variables"> |
|
|
127 | <title>Environment variables for locales</title> |
| 94 | <body> |
128 | <body> |
| 95 | |
129 | |
| 96 | <p> |
|
|
| 97 | The next step is to set the <c>LANG</c> shell variable, which |
|
|
| 98 | is used by your shell and window manager (and some other |
|
|
| 99 | applications). Valid values can be found in |
|
|
| 100 | <path>/usr/share/locale</path> and generally take the form |
|
|
| 101 | <c>ab_CD</c>, where <c>ab</c> is your two letter language code |
|
|
| 102 | and <c>CD</c> is your two letter country code. The <c>_CD</c> |
|
|
| 103 | is left off if your language is only (or primarily) spoken in |
|
|
| 104 | one country. <c>LANG</c> can be set in |
|
|
| 105 | <path>/etc/profile</path> if you want it to take effect |
|
|
| 106 | system-wide, or in <path>~/.bashrc</path> as a user-specific |
|
|
| 107 | setting. |
|
|
| 108 | </p> |
130 | <p> |
| 109 | |
131 | Locale settings are stored in environment variables. These are typically |
| 110 | <pre caption="setting the POSIX locale"> |
132 | set in the <path>/etc/env.d/02locale</path> (for system-wide |
| 111 | export LANG="de_DE@euro" |
133 | settings) and <path>~/.bashrc</path> (for user-specific settings) file. |
|
|
134 | The variables controlling different aspects of locale settings |
|
|
135 | are given in the table below. All of them |
|
|
136 | take one name of a locale in <c>ab_CD</c> format given above. |
| 112 | </pre> |
137 | </p> |
|
|
138 | |
|
|
139 | <table> |
|
|
140 | <tr> |
|
|
141 | <th>Variable name</th> |
|
|
142 | <th>Explanation</th> |
|
|
143 | </tr> |
|
|
144 | <tr> |
|
|
145 | <ti>LANG</ti> |
|
|
146 | <ti> |
|
|
147 | Defines all locale settings at once, while allowing further individual |
|
|
148 | customization via the LC_* settings below. |
|
|
149 | </ti> |
|
|
150 | </tr> |
|
|
151 | <tr> |
|
|
152 | <ti>LC_COLLATE</ti> |
|
|
153 | <ti> |
|
|
154 | Define alphabetical ordering of strings. This affects e.g. output of sorted |
|
|
155 | directory listing. |
|
|
156 | </ti> |
|
|
157 | </tr> |
|
|
158 | <tr> |
|
|
159 | <ti>LC_CTYPE</ti> |
|
|
160 | <ti> |
|
|
161 | Define the character handling properties for the system. This determines |
|
|
162 | which characters are seen as part of alphabet, numeric and so on. This also |
|
|
163 | determines the character set used, if applicable. |
|
|
164 | </ti> |
|
|
165 | </tr> |
|
|
166 | <tr> |
|
|
167 | <ti>LC_MESSAGES</ti> |
|
|
168 | <ti> |
|
|
169 | Programs' localizations for applications that use message based localization |
|
|
170 | scheme (majority of Gnu programs, see next chapters for closer information |
|
|
171 | which do, and how to get the programs, that don't, to work). |
|
|
172 | </ti> |
|
|
173 | </tr> |
|
|
174 | <tr> |
|
|
175 | <ti>LC_MONETARY</ti> |
|
|
176 | <ti>Defines currency units and formatting of currency type numeric values.</ti> |
|
|
177 | </tr> |
|
|
178 | <tr> |
|
|
179 | <ti>LC_NUMERIC</ti> |
|
|
180 | <ti> |
|
|
181 | Defines formatting of numeric values which aren't monetary. Affects things |
|
|
182 | such as thousand separator and decimal separator. |
|
|
183 | </ti> |
|
|
184 | </tr> |
|
|
185 | <tr> |
|
|
186 | <ti>LC_TIME</ti> |
|
|
187 | <ti>Defines formatting of dates and times.</ti> |
|
|
188 | </tr> |
|
|
189 | <tr> |
|
|
190 | <ti>LC_PAPER</ti> |
|
|
191 | <ti>Defines default paper size.</ti> |
|
|
192 | </tr> |
|
|
193 | <tr> |
|
|
194 | <ti>LC_ALL</ti> |
|
|
195 | <ti> |
|
|
196 | A special variable for overriding all other settings. |
|
|
197 | </ti> |
|
|
198 | </tr> |
|
|
199 | </table> |
| 113 | |
200 | |
| 114 | <note> |
201 | <note> |
| 115 | Appended <c>@euro</c> to your locale if you want to use the new Euro |
202 | Some programs are written in such a way that they expect traditional English |
| 116 | currency symbol (€) |
203 | ordering of the alphabet, while some locales, most notably the Estonian one, use |
|
|
204 | a different ordering. Therefore it's recommended to explicitly set LC_COLLATE to C |
|
|
205 | when dealing with system-wide settings. |
| 117 | </note> |
206 | </note> |
|
|
207 | |
|
|
208 | <warn> |
|
|
209 | Using LC_ALL is strongly discouraged as it can't be overridden later on. Please |
|
|
210 | use it only when testing and <e>never</e> set it in a startup file. |
|
|
211 | </warn> |
|
|
212 | |
|
|
213 | <p> |
|
|
214 | Most typically users only set the LANG variable on the global basis. This |
|
|
215 | example is for a unicode German locale: |
|
|
216 | </p> |
|
|
217 | |
|
|
218 | <pre caption="Setting the default system locale in /etc/env.d/02locale"> |
|
|
219 | LANG="de_DE.UTF-8" |
|
|
220 | LC_COLLATE="C" |
|
|
221 | </pre> |
|
|
222 | |
|
|
223 | <note> |
|
|
224 | Use <c>de_DE@euro</c> as your LANG if you want to use the Euro currency symbol |
|
|
225 | (€). |
|
|
226 | </note> |
|
|
227 | |
|
|
228 | <p> |
|
|
229 | It's also possible, and pretty common especially in a more traditional UNIX |
|
|
230 | environment, to leave the global settings unchanged, i.e. in the "<c>C</c>" |
|
|
231 | locale. Users can still specify their preferred locale in their own shell RC |
|
|
232 | file: |
|
|
233 | </p> |
|
|
234 | |
|
|
235 | <pre caption="Setting the user locale in ~/.bashrc"> |
|
|
236 | export LANG="de_DE.UTF-8" |
|
|
237 | export LC_COLLATE="C" |
|
|
238 | </pre> |
|
|
239 | |
|
|
240 | <p> |
|
|
241 | Another way of configuring system is to leave it in the default C locale, but |
|
|
242 | enable UTF-8 character representation at the same time. This option is achieved |
|
|
243 | using the following settings in <path>/etc/env.d/02locale</path>: |
|
|
244 | </p> |
|
|
245 | |
|
|
246 | <pre caption="Using traditional C locale while specifying UTF-8"> |
|
|
247 | LC_CTYPE=de_DE.UTF-8 |
|
|
248 | </pre> |
|
|
249 | |
|
|
250 | <p> |
|
|
251 | Using the above snippet, users will be able to see localized file names |
|
|
252 | properly, while not being forced to your preferred language. |
|
|
253 | </p> |
|
|
254 | |
|
|
255 | <p> |
|
|
256 | For message based localization to work in programs that support it, you will |
|
|
257 | probably need to have programs compiled with the <c>nls</c> (Native language |
|
|
258 | support) USE flag set. Most of the programs using nls also need the gettext |
|
|
259 | library to extract and use localized messages. Of course, Portage will |
|
|
260 | automatically install it when needed. |
|
|
261 | </p> |
|
|
262 | |
|
|
263 | <p> |
|
|
264 | Once you have set the right locale, be sure to update your environment |
|
|
265 | variables to make your system aware of the change: |
|
|
266 | </p> |
|
|
267 | |
|
|
268 | <pre caption="Update the environment"> |
|
|
269 | <comment>(For system-wide default locale:)</comment> |
|
|
270 | # <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i> |
|
|
271 | |
|
|
272 | <comment>(For user-specific locale:)</comment> |
|
|
273 | $ <i>source ~/.bashrc</i> |
|
|
274 | </pre> |
|
|
275 | |
|
|
276 | <p> |
|
|
277 | After this, you will need to kill your X server by pressing |
|
|
278 | <c>Ctrl-Alt-Backspace</c>, log out, then log in as user. |
|
|
279 | </p> |
|
|
280 | |
|
|
281 | <p> |
|
|
282 | Now, verify that the changes have taken effect: |
|
|
283 | </p> |
|
|
284 | |
|
|
285 | <pre caption="Verify env changes"> |
|
|
286 | $ <i>locale</i> |
|
|
287 | </pre> |
|
|
288 | |
|
|
289 | <p> |
|
|
290 | There is also additional localisation variable called LINGUAS, which affects |
|
|
291 | to localisation files that get installed in gettext-based programs, and decides |
|
|
292 | used localisation for some specific software packages, such as |
|
|
293 | <c>kde-base/kde-l10</c> and <c>app-office/openoffice</c>. The variable |
|
|
294 | takes in <e>space</e>-separated list of language codes, and suggested |
|
|
295 | place to set it is <path>/etc/make.conf</path>: |
|
|
296 | </p> |
|
|
297 | |
|
|
298 | <pre caption="Setting LINGUAS in make.conf"> |
|
|
299 | # <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i> |
|
|
300 | <comment>(Add in the LINGUAS variable. For instance, |
|
|
301 | for German, Finnish and English:)</comment> |
|
|
302 | LINGUAS="de fi en" |
|
|
303 | </pre> |
|
|
304 | |
| 118 | |
305 | |
| 119 | </body> |
306 | </body> |
| 120 | </section> |
307 | </section> |
| 121 | <section> |
308 | <section> |
| 122 | <title>Generating Specific Locales</title> |
309 | <title>Generating Specific Locales</title> |
| … | |
… | |
| 138 | |
325 | |
| 139 | <pre caption="Exporting the LANG variable"> |
326 | <pre caption="Exporting the LANG variable"> |
| 140 | # <i>export LANG="en_US.ISO-8859-15"</i> |
327 | # <i>export LANG="en_US.ISO-8859-15"</i> |
| 141 | </pre> |
328 | </pre> |
| 142 | |
329 | |
|
|
330 | <p> |
|
|
331 | Be sure to update the environment after the change: |
|
|
332 | </p> |
|
|
333 | |
|
|
334 | <pre caption="Update the environment"> |
|
|
335 | # <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i> |
|
|
336 | </pre> |
|
|
337 | |
|
|
338 | <p> |
|
|
339 | After this, you will need to kill your X server by pressing |
|
|
340 | <c>Ctrl-Alt-Backspace</c>, log out, then log in as user. |
|
|
341 | </p> |
|
|
342 | |
| 143 | </body> |
343 | </body> |
| 144 | </section> |
|
|
| 145 | <section> |
344 | </section> |
| 146 | <title>The userlocales USE flag</title> |
345 | <section> |
|
|
346 | <title>Generating locales for glibc</title> |
| 147 | <body> |
347 | <body> |
| 148 | |
348 | |
| 149 | <p> |
349 | <p> |
| 150 | You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. Up until now |
350 | You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. You can |
| 151 | after compiling <c>glibc</c> a full set of all available locales has been |
|
|
| 152 | created. As of now you can activate the <c>userlocales</c> USE flag und specify |
|
|
| 153 | only the locales you will need in <path>/etc/locales.build</path>. |
351 | specify locales you will need in <path>/etc/locale.gen</path>. |
| 154 | </p> |
|
|
| 155 | |
|
|
| 156 | <pre caption="Activate the userlocales USE flag especially for glibc"> |
|
|
| 157 | echo "sys-libs/glibc userlocales" >> /etc/portage/package.use |
|
|
| 158 | </pre> |
|
|
| 159 | |
|
|
| 160 | <p> |
352 | </p> |
| 161 | Now specify the locales you want to be able to use: |
|
|
| 162 | </p> |
|
|
| 163 | |
353 | |
| 164 | <pre caption="nano -w /etc/locales.build"> |
354 | <pre caption="Adding locales to /etc/locale.gen"> |
| 165 | en_US/ISO-8859-1 |
355 | en_GB ISO-8859-1 |
| 166 | en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8 |
356 | en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8 |
| 167 | de_DE/ISO-8859-1 |
357 | de_DE ISO-8859-1 |
| 168 | de_DE@euro/ISO-8859-15 |
358 | de_DE@euro ISO-8859-15 |
| 169 | </pre> |
359 | </pre> |
| 170 | |
360 | |
|
|
361 | <p> |
|
|
362 | The next step is to run <c>locale-gen</c>. It will generate all the locales you |
|
|
363 | have specified in the <path>/etc/locale.gen</path> file. |
| 171 | <p> |
364 | </p> |
| 172 | The next step is to re-compile <c>glibc</c>. Of course you can defer this until |
365 | |
| 173 | the next <c>glibc</c> upgrade is available. |
366 | <note> |
|
|
367 | <c>locale-gen</c> is available in <c>glibc-2.3.6-r4</c> and newer. If you have |
|
|
368 | an older version of glibc, you should update it now. |
|
|
369 | </note> |
|
|
370 | |
|
|
371 | <p> |
|
|
372 | You can verify that your selected locales are available by running <c>locale |
|
|
373 | -a</c>. |
| 174 | </p> |
374 | </p> |
| 175 | |
375 | |
| 176 | </body> |
376 | </body> |
| 177 | </section> |
377 | </section> |
| 178 | </chapter> |
378 | </chapter> |
| … | |
… | |
| 182 | <section> |
382 | <section> |
| 183 | <body> |
383 | <body> |
| 184 | |
384 | |
| 185 | <p> |
385 | <p> |
| 186 | The keyboard layout used by the console is set in |
386 | The keyboard layout used by the console is set in |
| 187 | <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> by the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable. |
387 | <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path> by the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable. |
| 188 | Valid values can be found in |
388 | Valid values can be found in |
| 189 | <path>/usr/share/keymaps/<c>{arch}</c>/</path>. |
389 | <path>/usr/share/keymaps/<c>{arch}</c>/</path>. |
| 190 | <path>i386</path> has further subdivisions into layout |
390 | <path>i386</path> has further subdivisions into layout |
| 191 | (<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.). Some |
391 | (<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.). Some |
| 192 | languages have multiple options, so you may wish to experiment |
392 | languages have multiple options, so you may wish to experiment |
| 193 | to decide which one fits your needs best. |
393 | to decide which one fits your needs best. |
| 194 | </p> |
394 | </p> |
| 195 | |
395 | |
| 196 | <pre caption="setting the console keymap"> |
396 | <pre caption="Setting the console keymap"> |
| 197 | KEYMAP="de" |
397 | KEYMAP="de" |
| 198 | KEYMAP="de-latin1" |
398 | KEYMAP="de-latin1" |
| 199 | KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys" |
399 | KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys" |
| 200 | </pre> |
400 | </pre> |
| 201 | |
401 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 208 | <section> |
408 | <section> |
| 209 | <body> |
409 | <body> |
| 210 | |
410 | |
| 211 | <p> |
411 | <p> |
| 212 | The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified |
412 | The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified |
| 213 | in <path>/etc/X11/XF86Config</path> by the <c>XkbLayout</c> |
413 | in <path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> by the <c>XkbLayout</c> |
| 214 | option. |
414 | option. |
| 215 | </p> |
415 | </p> |
| 216 | |
416 | |
| 217 | <pre caption="setting the X keymap"> |
417 | <pre caption="Setting the X keymap"> |
| 218 | Section "InputDevice" |
418 | Section "InputDevice" |
| 219 | Identifier "Keyboard1" |
419 | Identifier "Keyboard1" |
| 220 | ... |
420 | ... |
| 221 | Option "XkbLayout" "de" |
421 | Option "XkbLayout" "de" |
| 222 | # Option "XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys" |
422 | #Option "XkbModel" "pc105" <comment>## this is for international keyboards.</comment> |
|
|
423 | # Option "XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys" <comment>## this would be used for xterm input</comment> |
| 223 | ... |
424 | ... |
| 224 | </pre> |
425 | </pre> |
| 225 | |
426 | |
|
|
427 | <p> |
|
|
428 | If you have an international keyboard layout, you should set the option |
|
|
429 | <c>XkbModel</c> to <c>pc102</c> or <c>pc105</c>, as this will allow mapping of the |
|
|
430 | additional keys specific to your keyboard. |
|
|
431 | </p> |
|
|
432 | |
|
|
433 | <p> |
|
|
434 | Deadkeys allow you to press keys that will not show immediately but will be |
|
|
435 | combined with another letter to produce a single character such as é,è,á,à, |
|
|
436 | etc. Setting <c>XkbVariant</c> to <c>nodeadkeys</c> allows input these special |
|
|
437 | characters into X terminals. |
|
|
438 | </p> |
|
|
439 | |
|
|
440 | <p> |
|
|
441 | If you would like to switch between more than one keyboard layout (for example |
|
|
442 | English and Russian), all you have to do is add a few lines to |
|
|
443 | <path>xorg.conf</path> that specify the desired layouts and the shortcut |
|
|
444 | command. |
|
|
445 | </p> |
|
|
446 | |
|
|
447 | <pre caption="Switching between two keyboard layouts"> |
|
|
448 | Section "InputDevice" |
|
|
449 | Identifier "Keyboard1" |
|
|
450 | ... |
|
|
451 | Option "XkbLayout" "us,ru" |
|
|
452 | Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll" |
|
|
453 | </pre> |
|
|
454 | |
|
|
455 | <p> |
|
|
456 | Here, <c>XkbOptions</c> allows you to toggle between keyboard layouts by simply |
|
|
457 | pressing <c>Alt-Shift</c>. This will also toggle the Scroll Lock light on or |
|
|
458 | off, thanks to the <c>grp_led:scroll</c> option. This is a handy visual |
|
|
459 | indicator of which keyboard layout you are using at the moment. |
|
|
460 | </p> |
|
|
461 | |
| 226 | </body> |
462 | </body> |
| 227 | </section> |
463 | </section> |
| 228 | </chapter> |
464 | </chapter> |
| 229 | |
465 | |
| 230 | <chapter> |
466 | <chapter> |
| 231 | <title>KDE</title> |
467 | <title>KDE</title> |
| 232 | <section> |
468 | <section> |
| 233 | <body> |
469 | <body> |
| 234 | |
470 | |
| 235 | <p> |
471 | <p> |
| 236 | For KDE you have to install the kde-i18n package with the appropriate |
472 | For KDE you have to install the <c>kde-base/kde-l10</c> and |
| 237 | LINGUAS environment variable set:</p> |
473 | <c>app-office/koffice-l10n</c> packages. These respect the <uri |
| 238 | |
474 | link="#variables">LINGUAS variable</uri> described earlier. |
| 239 | <pre caption="Install localized KDE"> |
|
|
| 240 | # <i>LINGUAS="de" emerge kde-i18n</i> |
|
|
| 241 | </pre> |
475 | </p> |
| 242 | |
476 | |
| 243 | </body> |
477 | </body> |
| 244 | </section> |
478 | </section> |
| 245 | </chapter> |
479 | </chapter> |
| 246 | |
480 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 248 | <title>The Euro Symbol for the Console</title> |
482 | <title>The Euro Symbol for the Console</title> |
| 249 | <section> |
483 | <section> |
| 250 | <body> |
484 | <body> |
| 251 | |
485 | |
| 252 | <p> |
486 | <p> |
| 253 | In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you |
487 | In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you will need to set |
| 254 | will need to set <c>CONSOLEFONT</c> in |
488 | <c>CONSOLEFONT</c> in <path>/etc/conf.d/consolefont</path> to a file found in |
| 255 | <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to a file found in |
|
|
| 256 | <path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the |
489 | <path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the <c>.psfu.gz</c>). |
| 257 | <c>.psfu.gz</c>). <c>lat9w-16</c> has the Euro symbol. |
490 | <c>lat9w-16</c> has the Euro symbol. |
| 258 | </p> |
491 | </p> |
| 259 | |
492 | |
| 260 | <pre caption="setting the console font"> |
493 | <pre caption="Setting the console font"> |
| 261 | CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16" |
494 | CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16" |
| 262 | </pre> |
495 | </pre> |
| 263 | |
496 | |
|
|
497 | <p> |
|
|
498 | You should verify that <c>CONSOLEFONT</c> is in the boot runlevel: |
|
|
499 | </p> |
|
|
500 | |
|
|
501 | <pre caption="Verify the proper runlevel"> |
|
|
502 | # <i>rc-update -v show | grep -i consolefont</i> |
|
|
503 | </pre> |
|
|
504 | |
|
|
505 | <p> |
|
|
506 | If no runlevel is displayed for <c>CONSOLEFONT</c>, then add it to the proper level: |
|
|
507 | </p> |
|
|
508 | |
|
|
509 | <pre caption="Add consolefont to boot"> |
|
|
510 | # <i>rc-update add consolefont boot</i> |
|
|
511 | </pre> |
|
|
512 | |
| 264 | </body> |
513 | </body> |
| 265 | </section> |
514 | </section> |
| 266 | </chapter> |
515 | </chapter> |
| 267 | |
516 | |
| 268 | <chapter> |
517 | <chapter> |
| … | |
… | |
| 270 | <section> |
519 | <section> |
| 271 | <title>Most Applications</title> |
520 | <title>Most Applications</title> |
| 272 | <body> |
521 | <body> |
| 273 | |
522 | |
| 274 | <p> |
523 | <p> |
| 275 | Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little |
524 | Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little bit tougher. The |
| 276 | bit tougher. The first thing you should do is change the <c>fixed</c> |
525 | first thing you should do is change the <c>fixed</c> and <c>variable</c> |
| 277 | and <c>variable</c> definitions in |
526 | definitions in <path>/usr/share/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end in |
| 278 | <path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end |
|
|
| 279 | in <c>iso8859-15</c> instead of <c>iso8859-1</c>. |
527 | <c>iso8859-15</c> instead of <c>iso8859-1</c>. |
| 280 | </p> |
528 | </p> |
| 281 | |
529 | |
| 282 | <pre caption="setting default X fonts"> |
530 | <pre caption="Setting default X fonts"> |
| 283 | fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15 |
531 | fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15 |
| 284 | variable -*-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15 |
532 | variable -*-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15 |
| 285 | </pre> |
533 | </pre> |
| 286 | |
534 | |
| 287 | <p> |
535 | <p> |
| 288 | Some applications use their own font, and you will have to |
536 | Some applications use their own font, and you will have to tell them separately |
| 289 | tell them separately to use a font with the Euro symbol. You |
537 | to use a font with the Euro symbol. You can do this at a user-specific level in |
| 290 | can do this at a user-specific level in |
|
|
| 291 | <path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file to |
538 | <path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file to <path>/etc/skel/</path> for |
| 292 | <path>/etc/skel/</path> for use by new users), or at a global |
539 | use by new users), or at a global level for any application with a resource file |
| 293 | level for any application with a resource file in |
|
|
| 294 | <path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm). In |
540 | in <path>/usr/share/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm). In these files you |
| 295 | these files you generally have to change an existing line, |
541 | generally have to change an existing line, rather than adding a new one. To |
| 296 | rather than adding a new one. To change our xterm font, for |
542 | change our xterm font, for instance: |
| 297 | instance: |
|
|
| 298 | </p> |
543 | </p> |
| 299 | |
544 | |
| 300 | <pre caption="setting fonts for xterm"> |
545 | <pre caption="Setting fonts for xterm"> |
| 301 | <codenote>(in your home directory)</codenote> |
546 | <comment>(in your home directory)</comment> |
| 302 | # <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i> |
547 | $ <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i> |
| 303 | # <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i> |
548 | $ <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i> |
| 304 | </pre> |
549 | </pre> |
| 305 | |
550 | |
| 306 | </body> |
551 | </body> |
| 307 | </section> |
552 | </section> |
| 308 | <section> |
553 | <section> |
| … | |
… | |
| 322 | For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little |
567 | For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little |
| 323 | more. In <path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add: |
568 | more. In <path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add: |
| 324 | </p> |
569 | </p> |
| 325 | |
570 | |
| 326 | <pre caption="setting the font for xemacs"> |
571 | <pre caption="setting the font for xemacs"> |
| 327 | (define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[€]) |
572 | (define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[€]) |
| 328 | </pre> |
573 | </pre> |
| 329 | |
574 | |
| 330 | <note> |
575 | <note> |
| 331 | The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol. |
576 | The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol. |
| 332 | </note> |
577 | </note> |
| 333 | |
578 | |
| 334 | </body> |
579 | </body> |
| 335 | </section> |
580 | </section> |
| 336 | <section> |
581 | <section> |
| 337 | <title>Language for OpenOffice</title> |
582 | <title>OpenOffice.Org</title> |
| 338 | <body> |
583 | <body> |
| 339 | |
584 | |
| 340 | <note> |
|
|
| 341 | Customized default language is not available for openoffice-bin ebuild. The |
|
|
| 342 | default language in the openoffice-bin is ENUS. |
|
|
| 343 | </note> |
|
|
| 344 | |
|
|
| 345 | <p> |
|
|
| 346 | The default language for OpenOffice is set as "ENUS"(01). If you wish to |
|
|
| 347 | change the default language for OpenOffice, check the ebuild for the |
|
|
| 348 | default language code. |
|
|
| 349 | </p> |
585 | <p> |
| 350 | |
586 | The current stable <c>app-office/openoffice</c> and |
| 351 | <pre caption="emerge openoffice with desired default language"> |
587 | <c>app-office/openoffice-bin</c> ebuilds support the <uri |
| 352 | # <i>LANGUAGE="01" emerge openoffice</i> |
588 | link="#variables">LINGUAS variable</uri> for selecting installed GUI language |
| 353 | <comment>01 is the ENUS language code for openoffice</comment> |
589 | packs. To see the status of GUI translation, hyphenation, spell checking and |
|
|
590 | other localisations on your language, please refer to <uri |
|
|
591 | link="http://l10n.openoffice.org/languages.html">OpenOffice.Org localisation |
|
|
592 | web site</uri>. |
| 354 | </pre> |
593 | </p> |
| 355 | |
594 | |
| 356 | </body> |
595 | </body> |
| 357 | </section> |
596 | </section> |
| 358 | </chapter> |
597 | </chapter> |
| 359 | |
598 | |
Parent Directory
| 
Revision Log
| 
Patch