| 1 | <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
1 | <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
| 2 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/guide-localization.xml,v 1.28 2005/06/24 18:04:15 fox2mike Exp $ --> |
2 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/guide-localization.xml,v 1.49 2008/10/10 16:03:49 jkt Exp $ --> |
| 3 | <!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
3 | <!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
| 4 | |
4 | |
| 5 | <guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml"> |
5 | <guide link="/doc/en/guide-localization.xml"> |
| 6 | <title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title> |
6 | <title>Gentoo Linux Localization Guide</title> |
| 7 | <author title="Author"> |
7 | <author title="Author"> |
| … | |
… | |
| 27 | This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux distribution to any |
27 | This guide should help users localize their Gentoo Linux distribution to any |
| 28 | European locale. It uses Germany as a case-study, since it is translated from |
28 | European locale. It uses Germany as a case-study, since it is translated from |
| 29 | the German doc. Includes configuration for use of the euro currency symbol. |
29 | the German doc. Includes configuration for use of the euro currency symbol. |
| 30 | </abstract> |
30 | </abstract> |
| 31 | |
31 | |
| 32 | <version>1.19</version> |
32 | <version>1.37</version> |
| 33 | <date>2005-06-24</date> |
33 | <date>2008-10-10</date> |
| 34 | |
34 | |
| 35 | <chapter> |
35 | <chapter> |
| 36 | <title>Time zone</title> |
36 | <title>Time zone</title> |
| 37 | <section> |
37 | <section> |
| 38 | <body> |
38 | <body> |
| 39 | |
39 | |
| 40 | <p> |
40 | <p> |
| 41 | In order to keep time properly, <path>/etc/localtime</path> must point to |
41 | In order to keep time properly, you need to select your timezone so that your |
| 42 | the correct time zone data file. Look around in |
42 | system knows where it is located. Look for your timezone in |
| 43 | <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</path> and pick your timezone or a near-by big city. |
43 | <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>. You then set your timezone in |
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44 | <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path>. Please avoid the |
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45 | <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT*</path> timezones as their names do not |
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46 | indicate the expected zones. For instance, <path>GMT-8</path> is in fact GMT+8. |
| 44 | </p> |
47 | </p> |
| 45 | |
48 | |
| 46 | <pre caption="setting the timezone"> |
49 | <pre caption="Setting the timezone information"> |
| 47 | # <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime</i> |
50 | # <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i> |
|
|
51 | <comment>(Suppose you want to use Brussels)</comment> |
|
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52 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock</i> |
|
|
53 | TIMEZONE="Europe/Brussels" |
|
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54 | |
| 48 | # <i>date</i> |
55 | # <i>date</i> |
| 49 | Sun Feb 16 08:26:44 CET 2003 |
56 | Wed Mar 8 00:46:05 CET 2006 |
| 50 | </pre> |
57 | </pre> |
| 51 | |
58 | |
| 52 | <note> |
59 | <note> |
| 53 | Make sure that the three-letter timezone indicator (in this case "CET") |
60 | Make sure that the timezone indicator (in this case "CET") |
| 54 | is correct for your area. |
61 | is correct for your area. |
| 55 | </note> |
62 | </note> |
| 56 | |
63 | |
| 57 | <note> |
64 | <note> |
| 58 | You can set the value of <c>TZ</c> to be everything after the |
65 | You can set the value of <c>TZ</c> to be everything after the |
| … | |
… | |
| 95 | <section> |
102 | <section> |
| 96 | <title>What are locales?</title> |
103 | <title>What are locales?</title> |
| 97 | <body> |
104 | <body> |
| 98 | |
105 | |
| 99 | <p> |
106 | <p> |
| 100 | A Locale is a set of information that most programs use for determining |
107 | A Locale is a set of information that most programs use for determining country |
| 101 | country and language specific settings. The locales and their data |
108 | and language specific settings. The locales and their data are part of the |
| 102 | are part of the system library and can be found |
109 | system library and can be found at <path>/usr/share/locale</path> on most |
| 103 | at <path>/usr/share/locale</path> on most systems. A locale name is generally |
110 | systems. A locale name is generally named <c>ab_CD</c> where <c>ab</c> is your |
| 104 | named <c>ab_CD</c> where <c>ab</c> is your two (or three) letter |
111 | two (or three) letter language code (as specified in ISO-639) and <c>CD</c> is |
| 105 | language code (as specified in ISO-639) and <c>CD</c> is your two letter country |
112 | your two letter country code (as specified in ISO-3166). Variants are often |
| 106 | code (as specified in ISO-3199). |
113 | appended to locale names, e.g. <c>en_GB.utf8</c> or <c>de_DE@euro</c>. Please |
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114 | explore <uri link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locale">Wikipedia</uri> to read |
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115 | more about locales and related articles. |
| 107 | </p> |
116 | </p> |
| 108 | |
117 | |
| 109 | </body> |
118 | </body> |
| 110 | </section> |
|
|
| 111 | <section> |
119 | </section> |
|
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120 | <section id="variables"> |
| 112 | <title>Environment variables for locales</title> |
121 | <title>Environment variables for locales</title> |
| 113 | <body> |
122 | <body> |
| 114 | |
123 | |
| 115 | <p> |
124 | <p> |
| 116 | Locale settings are stored in environment variables. These are typically |
125 | Locale settings are stored in environment variables. These are typically |
| 117 | set in the <path>/etc/env.d/02locale</path> (for system-wide |
126 | set in the <path>/etc/env.d/02locale</path> (for system-wide |
| 118 | settings) and <path>~/.bashrc</path> (for user-specific settings) file. |
127 | settings) and <path>~/.bashrc</path> (for user-specific settings) file. |
| 119 | The variables controlling different aspects of locale settings |
128 | The variables controlling different aspects of locale settings |
| 120 | are given in the table below, those with highest precedence (ie. those |
129 | are given in the table below, those with highest precedence (i.e. those |
| 121 | that override settings below them) are at the top of the table. All variables |
130 | that override settings below them) are at the top of the table. All variables |
| 122 | take one name of a locale in <c>ab_CD</c> format given above. |
131 | take one name of a locale in <c>ab_CD</c> format given above. |
| 123 | </p> |
132 | </p> |
| 124 | |
133 | |
| 125 | <table> |
134 | <table> |
| 126 | <tr> |
135 | <tr> |
| 127 | <th>Variable name</th> |
136 | <th>Variable name</th> |
| 128 | <th>Explanation</th> |
137 | <th>Explanation</th> |
| 129 | </tr> |
138 | </tr> |
| 130 | <tr> |
139 | <tr> |
| 131 | <ti>LC_ALL</ti> |
140 | <ti>LANG</ti> |
| 132 | <ti> |
141 | <ti> |
| 133 | Define all locale settings at once. This is the top level setting for |
142 | Defines all locale settings at once, while allowing further individual |
| 134 | locales which will override any other setting. |
143 | customization via the LC_* settings below. |
| 135 | </ti> |
144 | </ti> |
| 136 | </tr> |
145 | </tr> |
| 137 | <tr> |
146 | <tr> |
| 138 | <ti>LC_COLLATE</ti> |
147 | <ti>LC_COLLATE</ti> |
| 139 | <ti> |
148 | <ti> |
| 140 | Define alphabetical ordering of strings. This affects eg. output of sorted |
149 | Define alphabetical ordering of strings. This affects e.g. output of sorted |
| 141 | directory listing. |
150 | directory listing. |
| 142 | </ti> |
151 | </ti> |
| 143 | </tr> |
152 | </tr> |
| 144 | <tr> |
153 | <tr> |
| 145 | <ti>LC_CTYPE</ti> |
154 | <ti>LC_CTYPE</ti> |
| … | |
… | |
| 175 | <tr> |
184 | <tr> |
| 176 | <ti>LC_PAPER</ti> |
185 | <ti>LC_PAPER</ti> |
| 177 | <ti>Defines default paper size.</ti> |
186 | <ti>Defines default paper size.</ti> |
| 178 | </tr> |
187 | </tr> |
| 179 | <tr> |
188 | <tr> |
| 180 | <ti>LANG</ti> |
189 | <ti>LC_ALL</ti> |
| 181 | <ti> |
190 | <ti> |
| 182 | Defines all locale settings at once. This setting can be overridden by |
191 | A special variable for overriding all other settings. |
| 183 | individual LC_* settings above or even by LC_ALL. |
|
|
| 184 | </ti> |
192 | </ti> |
| 185 | </tr> |
193 | </tr> |
| 186 | </table> |
194 | </table> |
| 187 | |
195 | |
| 188 | <note> |
196 | <note> |
| 189 | Even though most programs work with LC_ALL only, some of them misbehave if |
197 | Some programs are written in such a way that they expect traditional English |
| 190 | LC_ALL is set but LANG isn't. If you want to play safe, set them <e>both</e>. |
198 | ordering of the alphabet, while some locales, most notably the Estonian one, use |
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199 | a different ordering. Therefore it's recommended to explicitly set LC_COLLATE to C |
|
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200 | when dealing with system-wide settings. |
| 191 | </note> |
201 | </note> |
| 192 | |
202 | |
| 193 | <p> |
203 | <warn> |
| 194 | Most typically users only set the LANG variable and perhaps LC_CTYPE variable |
204 | For the same reason, using LC_ALL is strongly discouraged. Please use it only |
| 195 | on user level by adding definitions to shells startup files defining |
205 | when testing and never set it in a startup file. |
| 196 | the environment variable manually from command line: |
206 | </warn> |
|
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207 | |
| 197 | </p> |
208 | <p> |
|
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209 | Most typically users only set the LANG variable on the global basis: |
|
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210 | </p> |
| 198 | |
211 | |
| 199 | <pre caption="setting the German locale"> |
212 | <pre caption="Setting the default system locale in /etc/env.d/02locale"> |
| 200 | export LANG="de_DE@euro" |
213 | LANG="de_DE.utf8@euro" |
|
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214 | LC_COLLATE="C" |
| 201 | </pre> |
215 | </pre> |
| 202 | |
216 | |
| 203 | <note> |
217 | <note> |
| 204 | Append <c>@euro</c> to your locale if you want to use the Euro |
218 | Append <c>@euro</c> to your locale if you want to use the Euro |
| 205 | currency symbol (€) |
219 | currency symbol (€) |
| 206 | </note> |
220 | </note> |
|
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221 | |
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222 | <p> |
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223 | It's also possible, and pretty common especially in a more traditional UNIX |
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224 | environment, to leave the global settings unchanged, i.e. in the "<c>C</c>" |
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225 | locale. Users can still specify their preferred locale in their own shell RC |
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226 | file: |
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227 | </p> |
|
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228 | |
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229 | <pre caption="Setting the user locale in ~/.bashrc"> |
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230 | export LANG="de_DE.utf8@euro" |
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231 | export LC_COLLATE="C" |
|
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232 | </pre> |
|
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233 | |
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234 | <p> |
|
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235 | Another way of configuring system is to leave it in the default C locale, but |
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236 | enable UTF-8 character representation at the same time. This option is achieved |
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237 | using the following settings in <path>/etc/env.d/02locale</path>: |
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238 | </p> |
|
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239 | |
|
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240 | <pre caption="Using traditional C locale while specifying UTF-8"> |
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241 | LC_CTYPE=de_DE.utf8 |
|
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242 | </pre> |
|
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243 | |
|
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244 | <p> |
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245 | Using the above snippet, users will be able to see localized file names |
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246 | properly, while not being forced to your preferred language. |
|
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247 | </p> |
| 207 | |
248 | |
| 208 | <p> |
249 | <p> |
| 209 | For message based localization to work in programs that support it, you will |
250 | For message based localization to work in programs that support it, you will |
| 210 | probably need to have programs compiled with the <c>nls</c> (Native language |
251 | probably need to have programs compiled with the <c>nls</c> (Native language |
| 211 | support) USE flag set. Most of the programs using nls also need the gettext |
252 | support) USE flag set. Most of the programs using nls also need the gettext |
| 212 | library to extract and use localized messages. Of course, Gentoo's Portage will |
253 | library to extract and use localized messages. Of course, Portage will |
| 213 | automatically install it when needed. |
254 | automatically install it when needed. |
| 214 | </p> |
255 | </p> |
|
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256 | |
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257 | <p> |
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258 | Once you have set the right locale, be sure to update your environment |
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259 | variables to make your system aware of the change: |
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260 | </p> |
|
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261 | |
|
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262 | <pre caption="Update the environment"> |
|
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263 | <comment>(For system-wide default locale:)</comment> |
|
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264 | # <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i> |
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265 | |
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266 | <comment>(For user-specific locale:)</comment> |
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267 | $ <i>source ~/.bashrc</i> |
|
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268 | </pre> |
|
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269 | |
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270 | <p> |
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271 | After this, you will need to kill your X server by pressing |
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272 | <c>Ctrl-Alt-Backspace</c>, log out, then log in as user. |
|
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273 | </p> |
|
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274 | |
|
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275 | <p> |
|
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276 | Now, verify that the changes have taken effect: |
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277 | </p> |
|
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278 | |
|
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279 | <pre caption="Verify env changes"> |
|
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280 | $ <i>locale</i> |
|
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281 | </pre> |
|
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282 | |
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283 | <p> |
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284 | There is also additional localisation variable called LINGUAS, which affects |
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285 | to localisation files that get installed in gettext-based programs, and decides |
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286 | used localisation for some specific software packages, such as |
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287 | <c>kde-base/kde-i18n</c> and <c>app-office/openoffice</c>. The variable |
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288 | takes in <e>space</e>-separated list of language codes, and suggested |
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289 | place to set it is <path>/etc/make.conf</path>: |
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290 | </p> |
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291 | |
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292 | <pre caption="Setting LINGUAS in make.conf"> |
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293 | # <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i> |
|
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294 | <comment>(Add in the LINGUAS variable. For instance, |
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295 | for German, Finnish and English:)</comment> |
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296 | LINGUAS="de fi en" |
|
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297 | </pre> |
|
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298 | |
| 215 | |
299 | |
| 216 | </body> |
300 | </body> |
| 217 | </section> |
301 | </section> |
| 218 | <section> |
302 | <section> |
| 219 | <title>Generating Specific Locales</title> |
303 | <title>Generating Specific Locales</title> |
| … | |
… | |
| 235 | |
319 | |
| 236 | <pre caption="Exporting the LANG variable"> |
320 | <pre caption="Exporting the LANG variable"> |
| 237 | # <i>export LANG="en_US.ISO-8859-15"</i> |
321 | # <i>export LANG="en_US.ISO-8859-15"</i> |
| 238 | </pre> |
322 | </pre> |
| 239 | |
323 | |
|
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324 | <p> |
|
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325 | Be sure to update the environment after the change: |
|
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326 | </p> |
|
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327 | |
|
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328 | <pre caption="Update the environment"> |
|
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329 | # <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i> |
|
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330 | </pre> |
|
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331 | |
|
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332 | <p> |
|
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333 | After this, you will need to kill your X server by pressing |
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334 | <c>Ctrl-Alt-Backspace</c>, log out, then log in as user. |
|
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335 | </p> |
|
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336 | |
| 240 | </body> |
337 | </body> |
| 241 | </section> |
|
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| 242 | <section> |
338 | </section> |
| 243 | <title>The userlocales USE flag</title> |
339 | <section> |
|
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340 | <title>Generating locales for glibc</title> |
| 244 | <body> |
341 | <body> |
| 245 | |
342 | |
| 246 | <p> |
343 | <p> |
| 247 | You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. Up until now |
344 | You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. You can |
| 248 | after compiling <c>glibc</c> a full set of all available locales has been |
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| 249 | created. As of now you can activate the <c>userlocales</c> USE flag and specify |
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| 250 | only the locales you will need in <path>/etc/locales.build</path>. |
345 | specify locales you will need in <path>/etc/locale.gen</path>. |
| 251 | </p> |
|
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| 252 | |
|
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| 253 | <pre caption="Activate the userlocales USE flag especially for glibc"> |
|
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| 254 | echo "sys-libs/glibc userlocales" >> /etc/portage/package.use |
|
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| 255 | </pre> |
|
|
| 256 | |
|
|
| 257 | <p> |
346 | </p> |
| 258 | Now specify the locales you want to be able to use: |
|
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| 259 | </p> |
|
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| 260 | |
347 | |
| 261 | <pre caption="Adding locales to /etc/locales.build"> |
348 | <pre caption="Adding locales to /etc/locale.gen"> |
| 262 | en_US/ISO-8859-1 |
349 | en_GB ISO-8859-1 |
| 263 | en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8 |
350 | en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8 |
| 264 | de_DE/ISO-8859-1 |
351 | de_DE ISO-8859-1 |
| 265 | de_DE@euro/ISO-8859-15 |
352 | de_DE@euro ISO-8859-15 |
| 266 | </pre> |
353 | </pre> |
| 267 | |
354 | |
|
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355 | <p> |
|
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356 | The next step is to run <c>locale-gen</c>. It will generate all the locales you |
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357 | have specified in the <path>/etc/locale.gen</path> file. |
| 268 | <p> |
358 | </p> |
| 269 | The next step is to re-compile <c>glibc</c>. Of course you can defer this until |
359 | |
| 270 | the next <c>glibc</c> upgrade is available. |
360 | <note> |
|
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361 | <c>locale-gen</c> is available in <c>glibc-2.3.6-r4</c> and newer. If you have |
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362 | an older version of glibc, you should update it now. |
|
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363 | </note> |
|
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364 | |
|
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365 | <p> |
|
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366 | You can verify that your selected locales are available by running <c>locale |
|
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367 | -a</c>. |
| 271 | </p> |
368 | </p> |
| 272 | |
369 | |
| 273 | </body> |
370 | </body> |
| 274 | </section> |
371 | </section> |
| 275 | </chapter> |
372 | </chapter> |
| … | |
… | |
| 288 | (<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.). Some |
385 | (<path>qwerty/</path>, <path>azerty/</path>, etc.). Some |
| 289 | languages have multiple options, so you may wish to experiment |
386 | languages have multiple options, so you may wish to experiment |
| 290 | to decide which one fits your needs best. |
387 | to decide which one fits your needs best. |
| 291 | </p> |
388 | </p> |
| 292 | |
389 | |
| 293 | <pre caption="setting the console keymap"> |
390 | <pre caption="Setting the console keymap"> |
| 294 | KEYMAP="de" |
391 | KEYMAP="de" |
| 295 | KEYMAP="de-latin1" |
392 | KEYMAP="de-latin1" |
| 296 | KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys" |
393 | KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys" |
| 297 | </pre> |
394 | </pre> |
| 298 | |
395 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 309 | The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified |
406 | The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified |
| 310 | in <path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> by the <c>XkbLayout</c> |
407 | in <path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> by the <c>XkbLayout</c> |
| 311 | option. |
408 | option. |
| 312 | </p> |
409 | </p> |
| 313 | |
410 | |
| 314 | <pre caption="setting the X keymap"> |
411 | <pre caption="Setting the X keymap"> |
| 315 | Section "InputDevice" |
412 | Section "InputDevice" |
| 316 | Identifier "Keyboard1" |
413 | Identifier "Keyboard1" |
| 317 | ... |
414 | ... |
| 318 | Option "XkbLayout" "de" |
415 | Option "XkbLayout" "de" |
| 319 | # Option "XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys" |
416 | #Option "XkbModel" "pc105" <comment>## this is for international keyboards.</comment> |
|
|
417 | # Option "XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys" <comment>## this would be used for xterm input</comment> |
| 320 | ... |
418 | ... |
| 321 | </pre> |
419 | </pre> |
| 322 | |
420 | |
|
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421 | <p> |
|
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422 | If you have an international keyboard layout, you should set the option |
|
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423 | <c>XkbModel</c> to <c>pc102</c> or <c>pc105</c>, as this will allow mapping of the |
|
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424 | additional keys specific to your keyboard. |
|
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425 | </p> |
|
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426 | |
|
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427 | <p> |
|
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428 | Deadkeys allow you to press keys that will not show immediately but will be |
|
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429 | combined with another letter to produce a single character such as é,è,á,à, |
|
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430 | etc. Setting <c>XkbVariant</c> to <c>nodeadkeys</c> allows input these special |
|
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431 | characters into X terminals. |
|
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432 | </p> |
|
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433 | |
|
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434 | <p> |
|
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435 | If you would like to switch between more than one keyboard layout (for example |
|
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436 | English and Russian), all you have to do is add a few lines to |
|
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437 | <path>xorg.conf</path> that specify the desired layouts and the shortcut |
|
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438 | command. |
|
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439 | </p> |
|
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440 | |
|
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441 | <pre caption="Switching between two keyboard layouts"> |
|
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442 | Section "InputDevice" |
|
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443 | Identifier "Keyboard1" |
|
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444 | ... |
|
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445 | Option "XkbLayout" "us,ru" |
|
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446 | Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll" |
|
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447 | </pre> |
|
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448 | |
|
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449 | <p> |
|
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450 | Here, <c>XkbOptions</c> allows you to toggle between keyboard layouts by simply |
|
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451 | pressing <c>Alt-Shift</c>. This will also toggle the Scroll Lock light on or |
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452 | off, thanks to the <c>grp_led:scroll</c> option. This is a handy visual |
|
|
453 | indicator of which keyboard layout you are using at the moment. |
|
|
454 | </p> |
|
|
455 | |
| 323 | </body> |
456 | </body> |
| 324 | </section> |
457 | </section> |
| 325 | </chapter> |
458 | </chapter> |
| 326 | |
459 | |
| 327 | <chapter> |
460 | <chapter> |
| 328 | <title>KDE</title> |
461 | <title>KDE</title> |
| 329 | <section> |
462 | <section> |
| 330 | <body> |
463 | <body> |
| 331 | |
464 | |
| 332 | <p> |
465 | <p> |
| 333 | For KDE you have to install the kde-i18n package with the appropriate |
466 | For KDE you have to install the <c>kde-base/kde-i18n</c> package. Kde-i18n |
| 334 | LINGUAS variable set: |
467 | respects <uri link="#variables">LINGUAS variable</uri> described earlier. |
| 335 | </p> |
|
|
| 336 | |
|
|
| 337 | <pre caption="Install localized KDE"> |
|
|
| 338 | # <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i> |
|
|
| 339 | <comment>(Add in the LINGUAS variable. For instance, for the German language:)</comment> |
|
|
| 340 | LINGUAS="de" |
|
|
| 341 | |
|
|
| 342 | <comment>(Now install kde-i18n)</comment> |
|
|
| 343 | # <i>emerge kde-i18n</i> |
|
|
| 344 | </pre> |
468 | </p> |
| 345 | |
469 | |
| 346 | </body> |
470 | </body> |
| 347 | </section> |
471 | </section> |
| 348 | </chapter> |
472 | </chapter> |
| 349 | |
473 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 353 | <body> |
477 | <body> |
| 354 | |
478 | |
| 355 | <p> |
479 | <p> |
| 356 | In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you |
480 | In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you |
| 357 | will need to set <c>CONSOLEFONT</c> in |
481 | will need to set <c>CONSOLEFONT</c> in |
| 358 | <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to a file found in |
482 | <path>/etc/conf.d/consolefont</path> to a file found in |
| 359 | <path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the |
483 | <path>/usr/share/consolefonts/</path> (without the |
| 360 | <c>.psfu.gz</c>). <c>lat9w-16</c> has the Euro symbol. |
484 | <c>.psfu.gz</c>). <c>lat9w-16</c> has the Euro symbol. |
| 361 | </p> |
485 | </p> |
| 362 | |
486 | |
| 363 | <pre caption="setting the console font"> |
487 | <pre caption="Setting the console font"> |
| 364 | CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16" |
488 | CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16" |
| 365 | </pre> |
489 | </pre> |
| 366 | |
490 | |
|
|
491 | <p> |
|
|
492 | You should verify that <c>CONSOLEFONT</c> is in the boot runlevel: |
|
|
493 | </p> |
|
|
494 | |
|
|
495 | <pre caption="Verify the proper runlevel"> |
|
|
496 | # <i>rc-update -v show | grep -i consolefont</i> |
|
|
497 | </pre> |
|
|
498 | |
|
|
499 | <p> |
|
|
500 | If no runlevel is displayed for <c>CONSOLEFONT</c>, then add it to the proper level: |
|
|
501 | </p> |
|
|
502 | |
|
|
503 | <pre caption="Add consolefont to boot"> |
|
|
504 | # <i>rc-update add consolefont boot</i> |
|
|
505 | </pre> |
|
|
506 | |
| 367 | </body> |
507 | </body> |
| 368 | </section> |
508 | </section> |
| 369 | </chapter> |
509 | </chapter> |
| 370 | |
510 | |
| 371 | <chapter> |
511 | <chapter> |
| … | |
… | |
| 373 | <section> |
513 | <section> |
| 374 | <title>Most Applications</title> |
514 | <title>Most Applications</title> |
| 375 | <body> |
515 | <body> |
| 376 | |
516 | |
| 377 | <p> |
517 | <p> |
| 378 | Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little |
518 | Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little bit tougher. The |
| 379 | bit tougher. The first thing you should do is change the <c>fixed</c> |
519 | first thing you should do is change the <c>fixed</c> and <c>variable</c> |
| 380 | and <c>variable</c> definitions in |
520 | definitions in <path>/usr/share/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end in |
| 381 | <path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/fonts.alias</path> to end |
|
|
| 382 | in <c>iso8859-15</c> instead of <c>iso8859-1</c>. |
521 | <c>iso8859-15</c> instead of <c>iso8859-1</c>. |
| 383 | </p> |
522 | </p> |
| 384 | |
523 | |
| 385 | <pre caption="setting default X fonts"> |
524 | <pre caption="Setting default X fonts"> |
| 386 | fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15 |
525 | fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15 |
| 387 | variable -*-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15 |
526 | variable -*-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15 |
| 388 | </pre> |
527 | </pre> |
| 389 | |
528 | |
| 390 | <p> |
529 | <p> |
| 391 | Some applications use their own font, and you will have to |
530 | Some applications use their own font, and you will have to tell them separately |
| 392 | tell them separately to use a font with the Euro symbol. You |
531 | to use a font with the Euro symbol. You can do this at a user-specific level in |
| 393 | can do this at a user-specific level in |
|
|
| 394 | <path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file to |
532 | <path>.Xdefaults</path> (you can copy this file to <path>/etc/skel/</path> for |
| 395 | <path>/etc/skel/</path> for use by new users), or at a global |
533 | use by new users), or at a global level for any application with a resource file |
| 396 | level for any application with a resource file in |
|
|
| 397 | <path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm). In |
534 | in <path>/usr/share/X11/app-defaults/</path> (like xterm). In these files you |
| 398 | these files you generally have to change an existing line, |
535 | generally have to change an existing line, rather than adding a new one. To |
| 399 | rather than adding a new one. To change our xterm font, for |
536 | change our xterm font, for instance: |
| 400 | instance: |
|
|
| 401 | </p> |
537 | </p> |
| 402 | |
538 | |
| 403 | <pre caption="setting fonts for xterm"> |
539 | <pre caption="Setting fonts for xterm"> |
| 404 | <comment>(in your home directory)</comment> |
540 | <comment>(in your home directory)</comment> |
| 405 | # <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i> |
541 | $ <i>echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources </i> |
| 406 | # <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i> |
542 | $ <i>xrdb -merge .Xresources</i> |
| 407 | </pre> |
543 | </pre> |
| 408 | |
544 | |
| 409 | </body> |
545 | </body> |
| 410 | </section> |
546 | </section> |
| 411 | <section> |
547 | <section> |
| … | |
… | |
| 425 | For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little |
561 | For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little |
| 426 | more. In <path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add: |
562 | more. In <path>/home/user/.xemacs/init.el</path>, add: |
| 427 | </p> |
563 | </p> |
| 428 | |
564 | |
| 429 | <pre caption="setting the font for xemacs"> |
565 | <pre caption="setting the font for xemacs"> |
| 430 | (define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[€]) |
566 | (define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[€]) |
| 431 | </pre> |
567 | </pre> |
| 432 | |
568 | |
| 433 | <note> |
569 | <note> |
| 434 | The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol. |
570 | The symbol in the []s is the Euro symbol. |
| 435 | </note> |
571 | </note> |
| 436 | |
572 | |
| 437 | </body> |
573 | </body> |
| 438 | </section> |
574 | </section> |
| 439 | <section> |
575 | <section> |
| 440 | <title>Language for OpenOffice.org</title> |
576 | <title>OpenOffice.Org</title> |
| 441 | <body> |
577 | <body> |
| 442 | |
578 | |
| 443 | <note> |
|
|
| 444 | Customized default language is not available for openoffice-bin ebuild. The |
|
|
| 445 | default language in the openoffice-bin is ENUS. |
|
|
| 446 | </note> |
|
|
| 447 | |
|
|
| 448 | <p> |
|
|
| 449 | Please note that this package now uses the LINGUAS variable to |
|
|
| 450 | provide localization. The old LANGUAGE=ENUS|PORT system does <e>not</e> work |
|
|
| 451 | anymore. The default language for OpenOffice.org is set as "US English". If you |
|
|
| 452 | wish to change the default language for OpenOffice.org, check the ebuild for the |
|
|
| 453 | default language code. |
|
|
| 454 | </p> |
579 | <p> |
| 455 | |
580 | The current stable <c>app-office/openoffice</c> and |
| 456 | <pre caption="Example: emerge openoffice for german environment"> |
581 | <c>app-office/openoffice-bin</c> ebuilds support the <uri |
| 457 | # <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i> |
582 | link="#variables">LINGUAS variable</uri> for selecting installed GUI language |
| 458 | <comment>(Add in the LINGUAS variable. For instance, for the German language:)</comment> |
583 | packs. To see the status of GUI translation, hyphenation, spell checking and |
| 459 | LINGUAS="de" |
584 | other localisations on your language, please refer to <uri |
| 460 | |
585 | link="http://l10n.openoffice.org/languages.html">OpenOffice.Org localisation |
| 461 | <comment>(Now install openoffice)</comment> |
586 | web site</uri>. |
| 462 | # <i>emerge openoffice</i> |
|
|
| 463 | </pre> |
587 | </p> |
| 464 | |
588 | |
| 465 | </body> |
589 | </body> |
| 466 | </section> |
590 | </section> |
| 467 | </chapter> |
591 | </chapter> |
| 468 | |
592 | |
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