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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 -->
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swift |
1.17 |
<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-alpha-kernel.xml,v 1.16 2005/01/04 18:11:20 swift Exp $ -->
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swift |
1.1 |
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<sections>
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swift |
1.11 |
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swift |
1.17 |
<version>1.13</version>
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<date>2005-01-18</date>
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swift |
1.11 |
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swift |
1.1 |
<section>
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<title>Timezone</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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You first need to select your timezone so that your system knows where it is
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located. Look for your timezone in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>, then make a
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symlink to <path>/etc/localtime</path> using <c>ln</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Setting the timezone information">
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# <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i>
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<comment>(Suppose you want to use GMT)</comment>
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# <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/GMT /etc/localtime</i>
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</pre>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Installing the Sources</title>
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<subsection>
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<title>Choosing a Kernel</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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The core around which all distributions are built is the Linux kernel. It is the
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layer between the user programs and your system hardware. Gentoo provides its
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users several possible kernel sources. A full listing with description is
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available at the <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-kernel.xml">Gentoo Kernel
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Guide</uri>.
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</p>
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<p>
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For alpha-based systems we have <c>vanilla-sources</c> (the default kernel
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source as developed by the linux-kernel developers), <c>alpha-sources</c>
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(kernel source optimized for alpha users) and <c>compaq-sources</c> (kernel
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source as used by RedHat for Alpha, maintained by Compaq).
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</p>
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<p>
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Choose your kernel source and install it using <c>emerge</c>.
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</p>
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<p>
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In the next example we install the <c>vanilla-sources</c>.
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Of course substitute with your choice of sources, this is merely an example:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Installing a kernel source">
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# <i>emerge vanilla-sources</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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When you take a look in <path>/usr/src</path> you should see a symlink called
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<path>linux</path> pointing to your kernel source:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Viewing the kernel source symlink">
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# <i>ls -l /usr/src/linux</i>
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Oct 13 11:04 /usr/src/linux -> linux-2.4.24
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</pre>
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<p>
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If this isn't the case (i.e. the symlink points to a different kernel source)
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change the symlink before you continue:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Changing the kernel source symlink">
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swift |
1.3 |
# <i>rm /usr/src/linux</i>
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# <i>cd /usr/src</i>
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# <i>ln -s linux-2.4.24 linux</i>
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swift |
1.1 |
</pre>
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<p>
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Now it is time to configure and compile your kernel source. You
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can use <c>genkernel</c> for this, which will build a generic kernel as used
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by the LiveCD. We explain the "manual" configuration first though, as it is
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the best way to optimize your environment.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you want to manually configure your kernel, continue now with <uri
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link="#manual">Default: Manual Configuration</uri>. If you want to use
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<c>genkernel</c> you should read <uri link="#genkernel">Alternative: Using
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genkernel</uri> instead.
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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</section>
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<section id="manual">
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<title>Default: Manual Configuration</title>
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<subsection>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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neysx |
1.7 |
Manually configuring a kernel is often seen as the most difficult procedure a
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neysx |
1.8 |
Linux user ever has to perform. Nothing is less true -- after configuring a
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swift |
1.1 |
couple of kernels you don't even remember that it was difficult ;)
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</p>
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<p>
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However, one thing <e>is</e> true: you must know your system when you start
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configuring a kernel manually. Most information can be gathered by viewing the
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contents of <path>/proc/pci</path> (or by using <c>lspci</c> if available). You
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can also run <c>lsmod</c> to see what kernel modules the LiveCD uses (it might
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provide you with a nice hint on what to enable).
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</p>
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<p>
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Now go to your kernel source directory and execute <c>make menuconfig</c>. This
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will fire up an ncurses-based configuration menu.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Invoking menuconfig">
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# <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i>
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# <i>make menuconfig</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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You will be greeted with several configuration sections. We'll first list some
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options you must activate (otherwise Gentoo will not function, or not function
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properly without additional tweaks).
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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<subsection>
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<title>Activating Required Options</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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First of all, activate the use of development and experimental code/drivers.
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You need this, otherwise some very important code/drivers won't show up:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Selecting experimental code/drivers">
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Code maturity level options --->
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[*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now go to <c>File Systems</c> and select support for the filesystems you use.
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<e>Don't</e> compile them as modules, otherwise your Gentoo system will not be
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able to mount your partitions. Also select <c>Virtual memory</c>, <c>/proc
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file system</c>, <c>/dev file system</c> + <c>Automatically mount at boot</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Selecting necessary file systems">
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neysx |
1.4 |
<comment>(With a 2.4.x kernel)</comment>
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swift |
1.1 |
File systems --->
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[*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
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[*] /proc file system support
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[*] /dev file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
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[*] Automatically mount at boot
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neysx |
1.4 |
[ ] /dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs
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swift |
1.1 |
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neysx |
1.4 |
<comment>(With a 2.6.x kernel)</comment>
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File systems --->
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Pseudo Filesystems --->
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[*] /proc file system support
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[*] /dev file system support (OBSOLETE)
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[*] Automatically mount at boot
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[*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
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swift |
1.1 |
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<comment>(Select one or more of the following options as needed by your system)</comment>
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<*> Reiserfs support
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<*> Ext3 journalling file system support
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<*> JFS filesystem support
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<*> Second extended fs support
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<*> XFS filesystem support
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</pre>
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<p>
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If you are using PPPoE to connect to the Internet or you are using a dial-up
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modem, you will need the following options in the kernel:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Selecting PPPoE necessary drivers">
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neysx |
1.4 |
<comment>(With a 2.4.x kernel)</comment>
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swift |
1.1 |
Network device support --->
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<*> PPP (point-to-point protocol) support
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<*> PPP support for async serial ports
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<*> PPP support for sync tty ports
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neysx |
1.4 |
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<comment>(With a 2.6.x kernel)</comment>
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Device Drivers --->
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Networking support --->
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<*> PPP (point-to-point protocol) support
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<*> PPP support for async serial ports
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<*> PPP support for sync tty ports
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swift |
1.1 |
</pre>
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<p>
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The two compression options won't harm but are not definitely needed, neither
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does the <c>PPP over Ethernet</c> option, that might only be used by
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<c>rp-pppoe</c> when configured to do kernel mode PPPoE.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you require it, don't forget to include support in the kernel for your
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ethernet card.
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</p>
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<p>
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vapier |
1.9 |
The following options are recommended as well:
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swift |
1.1 |
</p>
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vapier |
1.9 |
<pre caption="Recommended Alpha options">
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swift |
1.1 |
General setup --->
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<*> SRM environment through procfs
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<*> Configure uac policy via sysctl
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Plug and Play configuration --->
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<*> Plug and Play support
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<M> ISA Plug and Play support
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SCSI support --->
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SCSI low-level drivers --->
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<*> SYM53C8XX Version 2 SCSI support (NEW)
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<*> Qlogic ISP SCSI support
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Network device support --->
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Ethernet (10 or 100 Mbit) --->
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<M> DECchip Tulip (dc21x4x) PCI support
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<M> Generic DECchip & DIGITAL EtherWORKS PCI/EISA
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<M> EtherExpressPro/100 support (eepro100)
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<M> EtherExpressPro/100 support (e100)
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Ethernet (1000 Mbit) --->
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<M> Alteon AceNIC
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[*] Omit support for old Tigon I
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<M> Broadcom Tigon3
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[*] FDDI driver support
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<M> Digital DEFEA and DEFPA
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<*> PPP support
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<*> PPP Deflate compression
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Character devices --->
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[*] Support for console on serial port
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[*] Direct Rendering Manager
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File systems --->
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<*> Kernel automounter version 4 support
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Network File Systems --->
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<*> NFS
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[*] NFSv3 client
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<*> NFS server
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[*] NFSv3 server
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Partition Types --->
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[*] Advanced partition selection
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[*] Alpha OSF partition support
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Native Language Support
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<*> NLS ISO 8859-1
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Sound --->
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<M> Sound card support
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<M> OSS sound modules
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[*] Verbose initialisation
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[*] Persistent DMA buffers
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<M> 100% Sound Blaster compatibles
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</pre>
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<p>
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When you've finished configuring the kernel, continue with <uri
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link="#compiling">Compiling and Installing</uri>.
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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<subsection id="compiling">
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<title>Compiling and Installing</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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Now that your kernel is configured, it is time to compile and install it. Exit
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the configuration and run <c>make dep && make vmlinux modules
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modules_install</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Compiling the kernel">
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<comment>(For 2.4 kernel)</comment>
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# <i>make dep && make vmlinux modules modules_install</i>
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<comment>(For 2.6 kernel)</comment>
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# <i>make && make modules_install</i>
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vapier |
1.6 |
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<comment>(For all kernels)</comment>
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# <i>make boot</i>
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swift |
1.1 |
</pre>
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<p>
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neysx |
1.7 |
When the kernel has finished compiling, copy the kernel image to
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swift |
1.1 |
<path>/boot</path>. In the next example we assume you have configured and
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swift |
1.10 |
compiled <c>vanilla-sources-2.4.24</c>; recent kernels might create
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<path>vmlinux</path> instead of <path>vmlinux.gz</path>.
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swift |
1.1 |
</p>
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| 311 |
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<pre caption="Installing the kernel">
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| 313 |
vapier |
1.6 |
# <i>cp arch/alpha/boot/vmlinux.gz /boot/</i>
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swift |
1.1 |
# <i>cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.4.24</i>
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</pre>
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| 316 |
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<p>
|
| 318 |
|
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It is also wise to copy over your kernel configuration file to
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<path>/boot</path>, just in case :)
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| 320 |
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</p>
|
| 321 |
|
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|
| 322 |
|
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<pre caption="Backing up your kernel configuration">
|
| 323 |
|
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# <i>cp .config /boot/config-2.4.24</i>
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| 324 |
|
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</pre>
|
| 325 |
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|
| 326 |
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<p>
|
| 327 |
|
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Now continue with <uri link="#kernel_modules">Installing Separate Kernel
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Modules</uri>.
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| 329 |
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</p>
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| 330 |
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|
| 331 |
|
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</body>
|
| 332 |
|
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</subsection>
|
| 333 |
|
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</section>
|
| 334 |
|
|
<section id="genkernel">
|
| 335 |
|
|
<title>Alternative: Using genkernel</title>
|
| 336 |
|
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<body>
|
| 337 |
|
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|
| 338 |
|
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<p>
|
| 339 |
|
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If you are reading this section, you have chosen to use our <c>genkernel</c>
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| 340 |
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script to configure your kernel for you.
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| 341 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 342 |
|
|
|
| 343 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 344 |
|
|
Now that your kernel source tree is installed, it's now time to compile your
|
| 345 |
|
|
kernel by using our <c>genkernel</c> script to automatically build a kernel for
|
| 346 |
|
|
you. <c>genkernel</c> works by configuring a kernel nearly identically to the
|
| 347 |
|
|
way our LiveCD kernel is configured. This means that when you use
|
| 348 |
|
|
<c>genkernel</c> to build your kernel, your system will generally detect all
|
| 349 |
|
|
your hardware at boot-time, just like our Live CD does. Because genkernel
|
| 350 |
|
|
doesn't require any manual kernel configuration, it is an ideal solution for
|
| 351 |
|
|
those users who may not be comfortable compiling their own kernels.
|
| 352 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 353 |
|
|
|
| 354 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 355 |
|
|
Now, let's see how to use genkernel. First, emerge the genkernel ebuild:
|
| 356 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 357 |
|
|
|
| 358 |
|
|
<pre caption="Emerging genkernel">
|
| 359 |
|
|
# <i>emerge genkernel</i>
|
| 360 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 361 |
|
|
|
| 362 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 363 |
|
|
Now, compile your kernel sources by running <c>genkernel all</c>.
|
| 364 |
|
|
Be aware though, as <c>genkernel</c> compiles a kernel that supports almost all
|
| 365 |
|
|
hardware, this compilation will take quite a while to finish!
|
| 366 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 367 |
|
|
|
| 368 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 369 |
|
|
Note that, if your boot partition doesn't use ext2 or ext3 as filesystem you
|
| 370 |
|
|
need to manually configure your kernel using <c>genkernel --menuconfig all</c>
|
| 371 |
|
|
and add support for your filesystem <e>in</e> the kernel (i.e. <e>not</e> as a
|
| 372 |
|
|
module).
|
| 373 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 374 |
|
|
|
| 375 |
|
|
<pre caption="Running genkernel">
|
| 376 |
|
|
# <i>genkernel all</i>
|
| 377 |
|
|
GenKernel v3.0.1_beta10
|
| 378 |
|
|
* ARCH: Alpha
|
| 379 |
|
|
* KERNEL VER: 2.4.24
|
| 380 |
|
|
* kernel: configuring source
|
| 381 |
|
|
* kernel: running mrproper
|
| 382 |
|
|
<comment>(Output removed to increase readability)</comment>
|
| 383 |
|
|
* Kernel compiled successfully!
|
| 384 |
|
|
* Required Kernel Params:
|
| 385 |
|
|
* : root=/dev/ram0 init=/linuxrc real_root=/dev/$ROOT
|
| 386 |
|
|
* where $ROOT is the devicenode for your root partition as
|
| 387 |
|
|
* you should have specified in /etc/fstab
|
| 388 |
|
|
*
|
| 389 |
|
|
* You MUST tell your bootloader to use the generated initrd
|
| 390 |
|
|
*
|
| 391 |
|
|
* Recommended Kernel Params:
|
| 392 |
|
|
* : vga=0x317 splash=verbose
|
| 393 |
|
|
*
|
| 394 |
|
|
* Do NOT report kernel bugs (configs included) as genkernel bugs.
|
| 395 |
|
|
* Make sure you have the latest genkernel before reporting bugs
|
| 396 |
|
|
*
|
| 397 |
|
|
* For more info see /usr/share/genkernel/README
|
| 398 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 399 |
|
|
|
| 400 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 401 |
|
|
Once <c>genkernel</c> completes, a kernel, full set of modules and
|
| 402 |
|
|
<e>initial root disk</e> (initrd) will be created. We will use the kernel
|
| 403 |
|
|
and initrd when configuring a boot loader later in this document. Write
|
| 404 |
|
|
down the names of the kernel and initrd as you will need it when writing
|
| 405 |
|
|
the bootloader configuration file. The initrd will be started immediately after
|
| 406 |
|
|
booting to perform hardware autodetection (just like on the Live CD) before
|
| 407 |
|
|
your "real" system starts up.
|
| 408 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 409 |
|
|
|
| 410 |
|
|
<pre caption="Checking the created kernel image name and initrd">
|
| 411 |
|
|
# <i>ls /boot/kernel* /boot/initrd*</i>
|
| 412 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 413 |
|
|
|
| 414 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 415 |
|
|
Now, let's perform one more step to get our system to be more like the Live
|
| 416 |
swift |
1.14 |
CD -- let's emerge <c>coldplug</c>. While the initrd autodetects hardware that
|
| 417 |
|
|
is needed to boot your system, <c>coldplug</c> autodetects everything else.
|
| 418 |
|
|
To emerge and enable <c>coldplug</c>, type the following:
|
| 419 |
swift |
1.1 |
</p>
|
| 420 |
|
|
|
| 421 |
swift |
1.14 |
<pre caption="Emerging and enabling coldplug">
|
| 422 |
|
|
# <i>emerge coldplug</i>
|
| 423 |
swift |
1.17 |
# <i>rc-update add coldplug boot</i>
|
| 424 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 425 |
|
|
|
| 426 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 427 |
|
|
If you want your system to react to hotplugging events, you would need to
|
| 428 |
|
|
install and setup hotplug as well:
|
| 429 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 430 |
|
|
|
| 431 |
|
|
<pre caption="Emerging and enabling hotplug">
|
| 432 |
|
|
# <i>emerge hotplug</i>
|
| 433 |
|
|
# <i>rc-update add hotplug default</i>
|
| 434 |
swift |
1.1 |
</pre>
|
| 435 |
|
|
|
| 436 |
|
|
</body>
|
| 437 |
|
|
</section>
|
| 438 |
|
|
<section id="kernel_modules">
|
| 439 |
|
|
<title>Installing Separate Kernel Modules</title>
|
| 440 |
|
|
<subsection>
|
| 441 |
|
|
<title>Installing Extra Modules</title>
|
| 442 |
|
|
<body>
|
| 443 |
|
|
|
| 444 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 445 |
|
|
If appropriate, you should emerge ebuilds for any additional hardware that is
|
| 446 |
|
|
on your system. Here is a list of kernel-related ebuilds that you could emerge:
|
| 447 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 448 |
|
|
|
| 449 |
|
|
<table>
|
| 450 |
|
|
<tcolumn width="1in"/>
|
| 451 |
|
|
<tcolumn width="4in"/>
|
| 452 |
|
|
<tcolumn width="2in"/>
|
| 453 |
|
|
<tr>
|
| 454 |
|
|
<th>Ebuild</th>
|
| 455 |
|
|
<th>Purpose</th>
|
| 456 |
|
|
<th>Command</th>
|
| 457 |
|
|
</tr>
|
| 458 |
|
|
<tr>
|
| 459 |
swift |
1.15 |
<ti>xfree-drm (or x11-drm)</ti>
|
| 460 |
swift |
1.1 |
<ti>
|
| 461 |
|
|
Accelerated graphics for ATI Radeon up to 9200, Rage128, Matrox, Voodoo and
|
| 462 |
|
|
other cards for XFree86. Please check the <c>IUSE_VIDEO_CARDS</c> variable
|
| 463 |
|
|
in the <path>/usr/portage/x11-base/xfree-drm</path> ebuilds to see what you
|
| 464 |
swift |
1.15 |
need to fill in as <c>yourcard</c>. The xfree-drm ebuild has been renamed to
|
| 465 |
|
|
x11-drm after the 2004.3 release.
|
| 466 |
swift |
1.1 |
</ti>
|
| 467 |
|
|
<ti><c>VIDEO_CARDS="yourcard" emerge xfree-drm</c></ti>
|
| 468 |
|
|
</tr>
|
| 469 |
|
|
</table>
|
| 470 |
|
|
|
| 471 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 472 |
|
|
Beware though, some of these ebuilds might deal with big dependencies. To verify
|
| 473 |
|
|
what packages will be installed by emerging an ebuild, use <c>emerge
|
| 474 |
|
|
--pretend</c>. For instance, for the <c>xfree-drm</c> package:
|
| 475 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 476 |
|
|
|
| 477 |
|
|
<pre caption="View full installation package listing">
|
| 478 |
neysx |
1.2 |
# <i>emerge --pretend xfree-drm</i>
|
| 479 |
swift |
1.1 |
</pre>
|
| 480 |
|
|
|
| 481 |
|
|
</body>
|
| 482 |
|
|
</subsection>
|
| 483 |
|
|
<subsection>
|
| 484 |
|
|
<title>Configuring the Modules</title>
|
| 485 |
|
|
<body>
|
| 486 |
|
|
|
| 487 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 488 |
|
|
You should list the modules you want automatically loaded in
|
| 489 |
|
|
<path>/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.4</path> (or <path>kernel-2.6</path>).
|
| 490 |
|
|
You can add extra options to the modules too if you want.
|
| 491 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 492 |
|
|
|
| 493 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 494 |
|
|
To view all available modules, run the following <c>find</c> command. Don't
|
| 495 |
|
|
forget to substitute "<kernel version>" with the version of the kernel you
|
| 496 |
|
|
just compiled:
|
| 497 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 498 |
|
|
|
| 499 |
|
|
<pre caption="Viewing all available modules">
|
| 500 |
|
|
# <i>find /lib/modules/<kernel version>/ -type f -iname '*.o' -or -iname '*.ko'</i>
|
| 501 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 502 |
|
|
|
| 503 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 504 |
|
|
For instance, to automatically load the <c>3c59x.o</c> module, edit the
|
| 505 |
|
|
<path>kernel-2.4</path> or <path>kernel-2.6</path> file and enter the module
|
| 506 |
|
|
name in it.
|
| 507 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 508 |
|
|
|
| 509 |
|
|
<pre caption="Editing /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.4">
|
| 510 |
|
|
<comment>(Example for 2.4 kernels)</comment>
|
| 511 |
|
|
# <i>nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.4</i>
|
| 512 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 513 |
|
|
|
| 514 |
|
|
<pre caption="/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.4 or kernel-2.6">
|
| 515 |
|
|
3c59x
|
| 516 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 517 |
|
|
|
| 518 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 519 |
|
|
Now run <c>modules-update</c> to commit your changes to the
|
| 520 |
|
|
<path>/etc/modules.conf</path> file:
|
| 521 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 522 |
|
|
|
| 523 |
|
|
<pre caption="Running modules-update">
|
| 524 |
|
|
# <i>modules-update</i>
|
| 525 |
|
|
</pre>
|
| 526 |
|
|
|
| 527 |
|
|
<p>
|
| 528 |
|
|
Continue the installation with <uri link="?part=1&chap=8">Configuring
|
| 529 |
|
|
your System</uri>.
|
| 530 |
|
|
</p>
|
| 531 |
|
|
|
| 532 |
|
|
</body>
|
| 533 |
|
|
</subsection>
|
| 534 |
|
|
</section>
|
| 535 |
|
|
</sections>
|
Parent Directory
| 
Revision Log