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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 --> |
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|
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<sections> |
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<section> |
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<title>Timezone</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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You now need to select your timezone so that your system knows where it is |
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located. Look for your timezone in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>, then make a |
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symlink to <path>/etc/localtime</path> using <c>ln</c>: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Setting the timezone information"> |
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# <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i> |
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<comment>(Suppose you want to use GTM:)</comment> |
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# <i>ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/GMT /etc/localtime</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Filesystem Information</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>What is fstab?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in |
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<path>/etc/fstab</path>. This file contains the mountpoints of those partitions |
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(where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted |
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(special options) and when (automatically or not, can users mount those or not, |
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etc.). |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Creating /etc/fstab</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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<path>/etc/fstab</path> uses a special syntaxis. Every line consists of six |
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fields, seperated by whitespace (space(s), tabs or a mixture). Each field has |
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its own meaning: |
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</p> |
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|
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<ul> |
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<li> |
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The first field shows the <b>partition</b> described (the path to the device |
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file) |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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The second field shows the <b>mountpoint</b> at which the partition should be |
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mounted |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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The third field shows the <b>filesystem</b> used by the partition |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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The fourth field shows the <b>mountoptions</b> used by <c>mount</c> when it |
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wants to mount the partition. As every filesystem has its own mountoptions, |
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you are encouraged to read the mount manpage (<c>man mount</c>) for a full |
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listing. Multiple mountoptions are comma-seperated. |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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The fifth field is used by <c>dump</c> to determine if the partition needs to |
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be <b>dump</b>ed or not. You can generally leave this as <c>0</c> (zero). |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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The sixth field is used by <c>fsck</c> the order in which filesystems should |
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be <b>check</b>ed if the system wasn't shut down properly. The root filesystem |
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should have <c>1</c> while the rest should have <c>2</c> (or <c>0</c> in case |
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a filesystem check isn't necessary). |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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<p> |
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So start <c>nano</c> (or your favorite editor) to create your |
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<path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Opening /etc/fstab"> |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Lets take a look at how we write down the options for the <path>/boot</path> |
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partition. This is just an example, so if your architecture doesn't require a |
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<path>/boot</path> partition, don't copy it verbatim. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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In our default x86 partitioning example <path>/boot</path> is the |
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<path>/dev/hda1</path> partition, with <c>ext2</c> as filesystem. It shouldn't |
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be mounted automatically (<c>noauto</c>) but does need to be checked. So we |
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would write down: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="An example /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
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/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto 1 2 |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now, to improve performance, most users would want to add the <c>noatime</c> |
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option as mountoption, which results in a faster system since access times |
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aren't registered (you don't need those generally anyway): |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="An improved /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
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/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If we continue with this, we would end up with the following three lines (for |
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<path>/boot</path>, <path>/</path> and the swap partition): |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Three /etc/fstab lines"> |
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/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
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/dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
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/dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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To finish up, you should add a rule for <path>/proc</path>, <c>tmpfs</c> |
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(required) and for your CD-ROM drive (and ofcourse, if you have other |
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partitions or drives, for those too): |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example"> |
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/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
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/dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
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/dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
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|
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none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 |
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|
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/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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<c>auto</c> makes <c>mount</c> guess for the filesystem (recommended for |
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removable media as they can be created with one of many filesystems) and |
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<c>user</c> makes it possible for non-root users to mount the CD. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now use the above example to create your <path>/etc/fstab</path>. If you are a |
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SPARC-user, you should add the following line to your <path>/etc/fstab</path> |
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too: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Adding openprom filesystem to /etc/fstab"> |
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none /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you need <c>usbfs</c>, add the following line to <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Adding usbfs filesystem to /etc/fstab"> |
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none /proc/bus/usb usbfs defaults 0 0 |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Reread your <path>/etc/fstab</path>, save and quit to continue. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Networking Information</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Hostname, Domainname etc.</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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One of the choices the user has to make is name his PC. This seems to be quite |
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easy, but <e>lots</e> of users are having difficulties finding the appropriate |
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name for their Linux-pc. To speed things up, know that any name you choose can |
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be changed afterwards. For all we care, you can just call your system |
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<c>tux</c> and domain <c>homenetwork</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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We use these values in the next examples. First we set the hostname: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Setting the hostname"> |
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# <i>echo tux > /etc/hostname</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Second we set the domainname: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Setting the domainname"> |
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# <i>echo homenetwork > /etc/dnsdomainname</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you have a NIS domain (if you don't know what that is, then you don't have |
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one), you need to define that one too: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Setting the NIS domainname"> |
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# <i>echo nis.homenetwork > /etc/nisdomainname</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Configuring your Network</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Before you get that "Hey, we've had that already"-feeling, you should remember |
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that the networking you set up in the beginning of the gentoo installation was |
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just for the installation. Right now you are going to configure networking for |
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your Gentoo system permanently. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses |
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a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to setup |
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networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything :) |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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First open <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> with your favorite editor (<c>nano</c> |
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is used in this example): |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/net for editing"> |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/net</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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The first variable you'll find is <c>iface_eth0</c>. It uses the following |
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syntax: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="iface_eth0 syntaxis"> |
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iface_eth0="<i><your ip address></i> broadcast <i><your broadcast address></i> netmask <i><your netmask></i>" |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you use DHCP (automatic IP retrieval), you should just set <c>iface_eth0</c> |
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to <c>dhcp</c>. However, if you need to setup your network manually and you're |
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not familiar with all the above terms, please read the section on <uri |
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link="?part=1&chap=3#doc_chap4_sect3">Understanding Network |
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Terminology</uri> if you haven't done so already. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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So lets give two examples; the first one uses DHCP, the second one a static IP |
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(192.168.0.2) with netmask 255.255.255.0, broadcast 192.168.0.255 and gateway |
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192.168.0.1: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Examples for /etc/conf.d/net"> |
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<comment>(For DHCP:)</comment> |
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iface_eth0="dhcp" |
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|
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<comment>(For static IP:)</comment> |
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iface_eth0="192.168.0.2 broadcast 192.168.0.255 netmask 255.255.255.0" |
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gateway="eth0/192.168.0.1" |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you have several network interfaces, create extra <c>iface_eth</c> variables, |
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like <c>iface_eth1</c>, <c>iface_eth2</c> etc. The <c>gateway</c> variable |
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shouldn't be reproduced as you can only set one gateway per computer. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now save the configuration and exit to continue. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Automatically Start Networking at Boot</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add those to the |
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default runlevel. If you have PCMCIA interfaces you should skip this action as |
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the PCMCIA interfaces are started by the PCMCIA init script. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
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# <i>rc-update add net.eth0 default</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you have several network interfaces, you need to create the appropriate |
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<path>net.eth1</path>, <path>net.eth2</path> etc. initscripts for those. You can |
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use <c>ln</c> to do this: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Creating extra initscripts"> |
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# <i>cd /etc/init.d</i> |
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# <i>ln -s net.eth0 net.eth1</i> |
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# <i>rc-update add net.eth1 default</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Writing Down Network Information</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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You now need to inform Linux about your network. This is defined in |
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<path>/etc/hosts</path> and helps in resolving hostnames to IP addresses |
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for hosts that aren't resolved by your nameserver. For instance, if your |
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internal network consists of three PCs called <c>jenny</c> (192.168.0.5), |
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<c>benny</c> (192.168.0.6) and <c>tux</c> (this system) you would |
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open <path>/etc/hosts</path> and fill in the values: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Opening /etc/hosts"> |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/hosts</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<pre caption="Filling in the networking information"> |
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127.0.0.1 tux.homenetwork localhost |
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192.168.0.5 jenny |
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192.168.0.56 benny |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If your system is the only system (or the nameservers handle all name |
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resolution) a single line is sufficient: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="/etc/hosts for lonely or fully integrated PCs"> |
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127.0.0.1 localhost tux |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Save and exit the editor to continue. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you don't have PCMCIA, you can now continue with <uri |
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link="#doc_chap4">System Information</uri>. PCMCIA-users should read the |
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following topic on PCMCIA. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Optional: Get PCMCIA Working</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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PCMCIA-users should first install the <c>pcmcia-cs</c> package: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing pcmcia-cs"> |
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# <i>emerge -k pcmcia-cs</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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When <c>pcmcia-cs</c> is installed, add <c>pcmcia</c> to the <e>boot</e> |
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runlevel: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Adding pcmcia to the default runlevel"> |
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# <i>rc-update add pcmcia boot</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>System Information</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Gentoo uses <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> for general, system-wide configuration. |
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Open up <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and enjoy all the comments in that file :) |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Opening /etc/rc.conf"> |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/rc.conf</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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As you can see, this file is well commented to help you set up the necessary |
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configuration variables. When you're finished configuring |
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<path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, save and exit to continue. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</sections> |
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