| … | |
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
| 3 | |
3 | |
| 4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
| 5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
| 6 | |
6 | |
| 7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.100 2009/02/11 08:40:54 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.111 2012/04/06 12:09:19 swift Exp $ --> |
| 8 | |
8 | |
| 9 | <sections> |
9 | <sections> |
| 10 | |
10 | |
| 11 | <abstract> |
11 | <abstract> |
| 12 | You need to edit some important configuration files. In this chapter |
12 | You need to edit some important configuration files. In this chapter |
| 13 | you receive an overview of these files and an explanation on how to |
13 | you receive an overview of these files and an explanation on how to |
| 14 | proceed. |
14 | proceed. |
| 15 | </abstract> |
15 | </abstract> |
| 16 | |
16 | |
| 17 | <version>9.3</version> |
17 | <version>18</version> |
| 18 | <date>2009-02-11</date> |
18 | <date>2012-04-06</date> |
| 19 | |
19 | |
| 20 | <section> |
20 | <section> |
| 21 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
21 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
| 22 | <subsection> |
22 | <subsection> |
| 23 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
23 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
| … | |
… | |
| 125 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
125 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 126 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
126 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 127 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
127 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 128 | |
128 | |
| 129 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
129 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
|
|
130 | |
|
|
131 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
|
|
132 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 130 | </pre> |
133 | </pre> |
| 131 | |
134 | |
| 132 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='Alpha' or func:keyval('arch')='MIPS' or func:keyval('arch')='x86' or func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> |
135 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='Alpha' or func:keyval('arch')='MIPS' or func:keyval('arch')='x86' or func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> |
| 133 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
136 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 134 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
137 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 135 | /dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
138 | /dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 136 | |
139 | |
| 137 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
140 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
|
|
141 | |
|
|
142 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
|
|
143 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 138 | </pre> |
144 | </pre> |
| 139 | |
145 | |
| 140 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
146 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
| 141 | /dev/sda1 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
147 | /dev/sda1 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 142 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
148 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| … | |
… | |
| 146 | |
152 | |
| 147 | <comment># You must add the rules for openprom</comment> |
153 | <comment># You must add the rules for openprom</comment> |
| 148 | openprom /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
154 | openprom /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
| 149 | |
155 | |
| 150 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
156 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
|
|
157 | |
|
|
158 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
|
|
159 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 151 | </pre> |
160 | </pre> |
| 152 | |
161 | |
| 153 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC' or |
162 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC' or |
| 154 | func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
163 | func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
| 155 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
164 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 156 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
165 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 157 | |
166 | |
| 158 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
167 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
|
|
168 | |
|
|
169 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
|
|
170 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 159 | </pre> |
171 | </pre> |
| 160 | |
172 | |
| 161 | <p> |
173 | <p> |
| 162 | <c>auto</c> makes <c>mount</c> guess for the filesystem (recommended for |
174 | <c>auto</c> makes <c>mount</c> guess for the filesystem (recommended for |
| 163 | removable media as they can be created with one of many filesystems) and |
175 | removable media as they can be created with one of many filesystems) and |
| … | |
… | |
| 192 | </p> |
204 | </p> |
| 193 | |
205 | |
| 194 | <pre caption="Setting the host name"> |
206 | <pre caption="Setting the host name"> |
| 195 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname</i> |
207 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname</i> |
| 196 | |
208 | |
| 197 | <comment>(Set the HOSTNAME variable to your host name)</comment> |
209 | <comment>(Set the hostname variable to your host name)</comment> |
| 198 | HOSTNAME="<i>tux</i>" |
210 | hostname="<i>tux</i>" |
| 199 | </pre> |
211 | </pre> |
| 200 | |
212 | |
| 201 | <p> |
213 | <p> |
| 202 | Second, <e>if</e> you need a domainname, set it in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. |
214 | Second, <e>if</e> you need a domainname, set it in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. |
| 203 | You only need a domain if your ISP or network administrator says so, or if you |
215 | You only need a domain if your ISP or network administrator says so, or if you |
| … | |
… | |
| 230 | nis_domain_lo="<i>my-nisdomain</i>" |
242 | nis_domain_lo="<i>my-nisdomain</i>" |
| 231 | </pre> |
243 | </pre> |
| 232 | |
244 | |
| 233 | <note> |
245 | <note> |
| 234 | For more information on configuring DNS and NIS, please read the examples |
246 | For more information on configuring DNS and NIS, please read the examples |
| 235 | provided in <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path>. Also, you may want to emerge |
247 | provided in <path>/usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2</path> which |
|
|
248 | can be read using <c>bzless</c>. Also, you may want to emerge <c>openresolv</c> |
| 236 | <c>openresolv</c> to help manage your DNS/NIS setup. |
249 | to help manage your DNS/NIS setup. |
| 237 | </note> |
250 | </note> |
| 238 | |
251 | |
| 239 | </body> |
252 | </body> |
| 240 | </subsection> |
253 | </subsection> |
| 241 | <subsection> |
254 | <subsection> |
| … | |
… | |
| 258 | <p> |
271 | <p> |
| 259 | All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses |
272 | All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses |
| 260 | a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to set up |
273 | a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to set up |
| 261 | networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything. A fully |
274 | networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything. A fully |
| 262 | commented example that covers many different configurations is available in |
275 | commented example that covers many different configurations is available in |
| 263 | <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path>. |
276 | <path>/usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2</path>. |
| 264 | </p> |
277 | </p> |
| 265 | |
278 | |
| 266 | <p> |
279 | <p> |
| 267 | DHCP is used by default. For DHCP to work, you will need to install a DHCP |
280 | DHCP is used by default. For DHCP to work, you will need to install a DHCP |
| 268 | client. This is described later in <uri |
281 | client. This is described later in <uri |
| … | |
… | |
| 286 | </p> |
299 | </p> |
| 287 | |
300 | |
| 288 | <pre caption="Default /etc/conf.d/net"> |
301 | <pre caption="Default /etc/conf.d/net"> |
| 289 | # This blank configuration will automatically use DHCP for any net.* |
302 | # This blank configuration will automatically use DHCP for any net.* |
| 290 | # scripts in /etc/init.d. To create a more complete configuration, |
303 | # scripts in /etc/init.d. To create a more complete configuration, |
| 291 | # please review /etc/conf.d/net.example and save your configuration |
304 | # please review /usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2 and save |
| 292 | # in /etc/conf.d/net (this file :]!). |
305 | # your configuration in /etc/conf.d/net (this file :]!). |
| 293 | </pre> |
306 | </pre> |
| 294 | |
307 | |
| 295 | <p> |
308 | <p> |
| 296 | To enter your own IP address, netmask and gateway, you need |
309 | To enter your own IP address, netmask and gateway, you need |
| 297 | to set both <c>config_eth0</c> and <c>routes_eth0</c>: |
310 | to set both <c>config_eth0</c> and <c>routes_eth0</c>: |
| 298 | </p> |
311 | </p> |
| 299 | |
312 | |
| 300 | <pre caption="Manually setting IP information for eth0"> |
313 | <pre caption="Manually setting IP information for eth0"> |
| 301 | config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.0.255" ) |
314 | config_eth0="192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.0.255" |
| 302 | routes_eth0=( "default via 192.168.0.1" ) |
315 | routes_eth0="default via 192.168.0.1" |
| 303 | </pre> |
316 | </pre> |
| 304 | |
317 | |
| 305 | <p> |
318 | <p> |
| 306 | To use DHCP, define <c>config_eth0</c>: |
319 | To use DHCP, define <c>config_eth0</c>: |
| 307 | </p> |
320 | </p> |
| 308 | |
321 | |
| 309 | <pre caption="Automatically obtaining an IP address for eth0"> |
322 | <pre caption="Automatically obtaining an IP address for eth0"> |
| 310 | config_eth0=( "dhcp" ) |
323 | config_eth0="dhcp" |
| 311 | </pre> |
324 | </pre> |
| 312 | |
325 | |
| 313 | <p> |
326 | <p> |
| 314 | Please read <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path> for a list of all available |
327 | Please read <path>/usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2</path> for a |
| 315 | options. Be sure to also read your DHCP client manpage if you need to set |
328 | list of all available options. Be sure to also read your DHCP client manpage if |
| 316 | specific DHCP options. |
329 | you need to set specific DHCP options. |
| 317 | </p> |
330 | </p> |
| 318 | |
331 | |
| 319 | <p> |
332 | <p> |
| 320 | If you have several network interfaces repeat the above steps for |
333 | If you have several network interfaces repeat the above steps for |
| 321 | <c>config_eth1</c>, <c>config_eth2</c>, etc. |
334 | <c>config_eth1</c>, <c>config_eth2</c>, etc. |
| … | |
… | |
| 335 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the |
348 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the |
| 336 | default runlevel. |
349 | default runlevel. |
| 337 | </p> |
350 | </p> |
| 338 | |
351 | |
| 339 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
352 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
|
|
353 | # <i>cd /etc/init.d</i> |
|
|
354 | # <i>ln -s net.lo net.eth0</i> |
| 340 | # <i>rc-update add net.eth0 default</i> |
355 | # <i>rc-update add net.eth0 default</i> |
| 341 | </pre> |
356 | </pre> |
| 342 | |
357 | |
| 343 | <p> |
358 | <p> |
| 344 | If you have several network interfaces, you need to create the appropriate |
359 | If you have several network interfaces, you need to create the appropriate |
| 345 | <path>net.eth1</path>, <path>net.eth2</path> etc. initscripts for those. You can |
360 | <path>net.eth1</path>, <path>net.eth2</path> etc. just like you did with |
| 346 | use <c>ln</c> to do this: |
361 | <path>net.eth0</path>. |
| 347 | </p> |
|
|
| 348 | |
|
|
| 349 | <pre caption="Creating extra initscripts"> |
|
|
| 350 | # <i>cd /etc/init.d</i> |
|
|
| 351 | # <i>ln -s net.lo net.eth1</i> |
|
|
| 352 | # <i>rc-update add net.eth1 default</i> |
|
|
| 353 | </pre> |
362 | </p> |
| 354 | |
363 | |
| 355 | </body> |
364 | </body> |
| 356 | </subsection> |
365 | </subsection> |
| 357 | <subsection> |
366 | <subsection> |
| 358 | <title>Writing Down Network Information</title> |
367 | <title>Writing Down Network Information</title> |
| … | |
… | |
| 427 | <subsection> |
436 | <subsection> |
| 428 | <title>System Information</title> |
437 | <title>System Information</title> |
| 429 | <body> |
438 | <body> |
| 430 | |
439 | |
| 431 | <p> |
440 | <p> |
| 432 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> for general, system-wide configuration. |
441 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to configure the services, startup, |
| 433 | Open up <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and enjoy all the comments in that file :) |
442 | and shutdown of your system. Open up <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and enjoy all |
|
|
443 | the comments in the file. |
| 434 | </p> |
444 | </p> |
| 435 | |
445 | |
| 436 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/rc.conf"> |
446 | <pre caption="Configuring services"> |
| 437 | # <i>nano -w /etc/rc.conf</i> |
447 | # <i>nano -w /etc/rc.conf</i> |
| 438 | </pre> |
448 | </pre> |
| 439 | |
449 | |
| 440 | <p> |
450 | <p> |
| 441 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, save and exit. |
451 | When you're finished configuring these two files, save them and exit. |
| 442 | </p> |
|
|
| 443 | |
|
|
| 444 | <p> |
|
|
| 445 | As you can see, this file is well commented to help you set up the necessary |
|
|
| 446 | configuration variables. You can configure your system to use unicode and |
|
|
| 447 | define your default editor and your display manager (like gdm or kdm). |
|
|
| 448 | </p> |
452 | </p> |
| 449 | |
453 | |
| 450 | <p> |
454 | <p> |
| 451 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path> to handle keyboard configuration. |
455 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path> to handle keyboard configuration. |
| 452 | Edit it to configure your keyboard. |
456 | Edit it to configure your keyboard. |
| … | |
… | |
| 455 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/keymaps"> |
459 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/keymaps"> |
| 456 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps</i> |
460 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps</i> |
| 457 | </pre> |
461 | </pre> |
| 458 | |
462 | |
| 459 | <p> |
463 | <p> |
| 460 | Take special care with the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable. If you select the wrong |
464 | Take special care with the <c>keymap</c> variable. If you select the wrong |
| 461 | <c>KEYMAP</c>, you will get weird results when typing on your keyboard. |
465 | <c>keymap</c>, you will get weird results when typing on your keyboard. |
| 462 | </p> |
466 | </p> |
| 463 | |
467 | |
| 464 | <note test="substring(func:keyval('arch'),1,3)='PPC'"> |
468 | <note test="substring(func:keyval('arch'),1,3)='PPC'"> |
| 465 | PPC uses x86 keymaps on most systems. Users who want to be able to use ADB |
469 | PPC uses x86 keymaps on most systems. |
| 466 | keymaps on boot have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have to |
|
|
| 467 | set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path>. |
|
|
| 468 | </note> |
470 | </note> |
| 469 | |
471 | |
| 470 | <p> |
472 | <p> |
| 471 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path>, save and |
473 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path>, save and |
| 472 | exit. |
474 | exit. |
| 473 | </p> |
475 | </p> |
| 474 | |
476 | |
| 475 | <p> |
477 | <p> |
| 476 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path> to set clock options. Edit it |
478 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/conf.d/hwclock</path> to set clock options. Edit it |
| 477 | according to your needs. |
479 | according to your needs. |
| 478 | </p> |
480 | </p> |
| 479 | |
481 | |
| 480 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/clock"> |
482 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/hwclock"> |
| 481 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock</i> |
483 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock</i> |
| 482 | </pre> |
484 | </pre> |
| 483 | |
485 | |
| 484 | <p> |
486 | <p> |
| 485 | If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add <c>CLOCK="local"</c> |
487 | If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add <c>clock="local"</c> |
| 486 | to the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew. |
488 | to the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew. |
| 487 | </p> |
489 | </p> |
| 488 | |
490 | |
| 489 | <p> |
491 | <p> |
|
|
492 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/hwclock</path>, save and |
|
|
493 | exit. |
|
|
494 | </p> |
|
|
495 | |
|
|
496 | <p> |
| 490 | You should define the timezone that you previously copied to |
497 | You should define the timezone that you previously copied to |
| 491 | <path>/etc/localtime</path> so that further upgrades of the |
498 | <path>/etc/localtime</path> in the <path>/etc/timezone</path> file so that |
| 492 | <c>sys-libs/timezone-data</c> package can update <path>/etc/localtime</path> |
499 | further upgrades of the <c>sys-libs/timezone-data</c> package can update |
| 493 | automatically. For instance, if you used the GMT timezone, you would add |
500 | <path>/etc/localtime</path> automatically. For instance, if you used the |
| 494 | <c>TIMEZONE="GMT"</c> |
501 | Europe/Brussels timezone, you would write <c>Europe/Brussels</c> in the |
| 495 | </p> |
502 | <path>/etc/timezone</path> file. |
| 496 | |
|
|
| 497 | <p> |
|
|
| 498 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path>, save and |
|
|
| 499 | exit. |
|
|
| 500 | </p> |
503 | </p> |
| 501 | |
504 | |
| 502 | <p test="not(func:keyval('arch')='PPC64')"> |
505 | <p test="not(func:keyval('arch')='PPC64')"> |
| 503 | Please continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System |
506 | Please continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System |
| 504 | Tools</uri>. |
507 | Tools</uri>. |
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