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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
| 3 | |
3 | |
| 4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
| 5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
| 6 | |
6 | |
| 7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.81 2006/08/30 22:52:28 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.100 2009/02/11 08:40:54 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
| 8 | |
8 | |
| 9 | <sections> |
9 | <sections> |
| 10 | |
10 | |
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11 | <abstract> |
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12 | You need to edit some important configuration files. In this chapter |
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13 | you receive an overview of these files and an explanation on how to |
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14 | proceed. |
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15 | </abstract> |
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16 | |
| 11 | <version>7.0</version> |
17 | <version>9.3</version> |
| 12 | <date>2006-08-30</date> |
18 | <date>2009-02-11</date> |
| 13 | |
19 | |
| 14 | <section> |
20 | <section> |
| 15 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
21 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
| 16 | <subsection> |
22 | <subsection> |
| 17 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
23 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
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| 67 | </li> |
73 | </li> |
| 68 | </ul> |
74 | </ul> |
| 69 | |
75 | |
| 70 | <impo> |
76 | <impo> |
| 71 | The default <path>/etc/fstab</path> file provided by Gentoo <e>is not a valid |
77 | The default <path>/etc/fstab</path> file provided by Gentoo <e>is not a valid |
| 72 | fstab file</e>, You <b>have to create</b> your own <path>/etc/fstab</path>. |
78 | fstab file</e>. You <b>have to create</b> your own <path>/etc/fstab</path>. |
| 73 | </impo> |
79 | </impo> |
| 74 | |
80 | |
| 75 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/fstab"> |
81 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/fstab"> |
| 76 | # <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i> |
82 | # <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i> |
| 77 | </pre> |
83 | </pre> |
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| 83 | Let us take a look at how we write down the options for the <path>/boot</path> |
89 | Let us take a look at how we write down the options for the <path>/boot</path> |
| 84 | partition. This is just an example, if you didn't or couldn't create a |
90 | partition. This is just an example, if you didn't or couldn't create a |
| 85 | <path>/boot</path>, don't copy it. |
91 | <path>/boot</path>, don't copy it. |
| 86 | </p> |
92 | </p> |
| 87 | |
93 | |
| 88 | <p test="contains(func:keyval('/boot'), '/dev/hd')"> |
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| 89 | In our default <keyval id="arch"/> partitioning example, <path>/boot</path> is |
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| 90 | usually the <path><keyval id="/boot"/></path> partition (or |
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| 91 | <path>/dev/sda*</path> if you use SCSI or SATA drives), with <c>ext2</c> as |
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| 92 | filesystem. It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: |
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| 93 | </p> |
94 | <p> |
| 94 | |
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| 95 | <p test="contains(func:keyval('/boot'), '/dev/sd')"> |
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| 96 | In our default <keyval id="arch"/> partitioning example, <path>/boot</path> is |
95 | In our default <keyval id="arch"/> partitioning example, <path>/boot</path> is |
| 97 | usually the <path><keyval id="/boot"/></path> partition, with <c>ext2</c> as |
96 | usually the <path><keyval id="/boot"/></path> partition, with <c>ext2</c> as |
| 98 | filesystem. It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: |
97 | filesystem. It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: |
| 99 | </p> |
98 | </p> |
| 100 | |
99 | |
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| 110 | </p> |
109 | </p> |
| 111 | |
110 | |
| 112 | </body> |
111 | </body> |
| 113 | <body> |
112 | <body> |
| 114 | |
113 | |
| 115 | <p test="not(func:keyval('arch')='SPARC')"> |
114 | <p> |
| 116 | Add the rules that match your partitioning scheme and append rules for |
115 | Add the rules that match your partitioning scheme and append rules for |
| 117 | <path>/proc</path>, <c>tmpfs</c>, for your CD-ROM drive(s), and of course, if |
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| 118 | you have other partitions or drives, for those too. |
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| 119 | </p> |
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| 120 | |
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| 121 | <p test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
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| 122 | Add the rules that match your partitioning schema and append rules for |
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| 123 | <path>/proc/openprom</path>, <path>/proc</path>, <c>tmpfs</c> , for your CD-ROM |
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| 124 | drive(s), and of course, if you have other partitions or drives, for those too. |
116 | your CD-ROM drive(s), and of course, if you have other partitions or drives, |
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117 | for those too. |
| 125 | </p> |
118 | </p> |
| 126 | |
119 | |
| 127 | <p> |
120 | <p> |
| 128 | Now use the <e>example</e> below to create your <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
121 | Now use the <e>example</e> below to create your <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
| 129 | </p> |
122 | </p> |
| 130 | |
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| 131 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64' or func:keyval('arch')='x86'"> |
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| 132 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
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| 133 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
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| 134 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
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| 135 | |
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| 136 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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| 137 | none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
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| 138 | |
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| 139 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
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| 140 | </pre> |
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| 141 | |
123 | |
| 142 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='HPPA'"> |
124 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='HPPA'"> |
| 143 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
125 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 144 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
126 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 145 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
127 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 146 | |
128 | |
| 147 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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| 148 | none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
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| 149 | |
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| 150 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
129 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 151 | </pre> |
130 | </pre> |
| 152 | |
131 | |
| 153 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='Alpha' or func:keyval('arch')='MIPS'"> |
132 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='Alpha' or func:keyval('arch')='MIPS' or func:keyval('arch')='x86' or func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> |
| 154 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
133 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 155 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
134 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 156 | /dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
135 | /dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 157 | |
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| 158 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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| 159 | none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
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| 160 | |
136 | |
| 161 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
137 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 162 | </pre> |
138 | </pre> |
| 163 | |
139 | |
| 164 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
140 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
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| 166 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
142 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 167 | /dev/sda4 /usr ext3 noatime 0 2 |
143 | /dev/sda4 /usr ext3 noatime 0 2 |
| 168 | /dev/sda5 /var ext3 noatime 0 2 |
144 | /dev/sda5 /var ext3 noatime 0 2 |
| 169 | /dev/sda6 /home ext3 noatime 0 2 |
145 | /dev/sda6 /home ext3 noatime 0 2 |
| 170 | |
146 | |
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147 | <comment># You must add the rules for openprom</comment> |
| 171 | none /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
148 | openprom /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
| 172 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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| 173 | none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
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| 174 | |
149 | |
| 175 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
150 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 176 | </pre> |
151 | </pre> |
| 177 | |
152 | |
| 178 | <note test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC'"> |
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| 179 | There are important variations between PPC machine types. Please make sure you |
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| 180 | adapt the following example to your system. |
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| 181 | </note> |
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| 182 | |
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| 183 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC'"> |
153 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC' or |
| 184 | /dev/hda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
154 | func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
| 185 | /dev/hda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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| 188 | none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
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| 191 | </pre> |
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| 192 | |
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| 193 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
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| 194 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
155 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 195 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
156 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 196 | |
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| 197 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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| 198 | none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
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| 199 | |
157 | |
| 200 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
158 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 201 | </pre> |
159 | </pre> |
| 202 | |
160 | |
| 203 | <p> |
161 | <p> |
| … | |
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| 220 | </subsection> |
178 | </subsection> |
| 221 | </section> |
179 | </section> |
| 222 | <section> |
180 | <section> |
| 223 | <title>Networking Information</title> |
181 | <title>Networking Information</title> |
| 224 | <subsection> |
182 | <subsection> |
| 225 | <title>Host name</title> |
183 | <title>Host name, Domainname, etc</title> |
| 226 | <body> |
184 | <body> |
| 227 | |
185 | |
| 228 | <p> |
186 | <p> |
| 229 | One of the choices the user has to make is name his/her PC. This seems to be |
187 | One of the choices the user has to make is name his/her PC. This seems to be |
| 230 | quite easy, but <e>lots</e> of users are having difficulties finding the |
188 | quite easy, but <e>lots</e> of users are having difficulties finding the |
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| 238 | |
196 | |
| 239 | <comment>(Set the HOSTNAME variable to your host name)</comment> |
197 | <comment>(Set the HOSTNAME variable to your host name)</comment> |
| 240 | HOSTNAME="<i>tux</i>" |
198 | HOSTNAME="<i>tux</i>" |
| 241 | </pre> |
199 | </pre> |
| 242 | |
200 | |
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201 | <p> |
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202 | Second, <e>if</e> you need a domainname, set it in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. |
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203 | You only need a domain if your ISP or network administrator says so, or if you |
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204 | have a DNS server but not a DHCP server. You don't need to worry about DNS or |
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205 | domainnames if your networking is setup for DHCP. |
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206 | </p> |
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207 | |
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208 | <pre caption="Setting the domainname"> |
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209 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/net</i> |
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210 | |
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211 | <comment>(Set the dns_domain variable to your domain name)</comment> |
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212 | dns_domain_lo="<i>homenetwork</i>" |
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213 | </pre> |
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214 | |
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215 | <note> |
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216 | If you choose not to set a domainname, you can get rid of the "This is |
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217 | hostname.(none)" messages at your login screen by editing |
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218 | <path>/etc/issue</path>. Just delete the string <c>.\O</c> from that file. |
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219 | </note> |
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220 | |
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221 | <p> |
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222 | If you have a NIS domain (if you don't know what that is, then you don't have |
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223 | one), you need to define that one too: |
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224 | </p> |
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225 | |
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226 | <pre caption="Setting the NIS domainname"> |
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227 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/net</i> |
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228 | |
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229 | <comment>(Set the nis_domain variable to your NIS domain name)</comment> |
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230 | nis_domain_lo="<i>my-nisdomain</i>" |
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231 | </pre> |
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232 | |
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233 | <note> |
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234 | For more information on configuring DNS and NIS, please read the examples |
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235 | provided in <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path>. Also, you may want to emerge |
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236 | <c>openresolv</c> to help manage your DNS/NIS setup. |
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237 | </note> |
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238 | |
| 243 | </body> |
239 | </body> |
| 244 | </subsection> |
240 | </subsection> |
| 245 | <subsection> |
241 | <subsection> |
| 246 | <title>Configuring your Network</title> |
242 | <title>Configuring your Network</title> |
| 247 | <body> |
243 | <body> |
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| 266 | commented example that covers many different configurations is available in |
262 | commented example that covers many different configurations is available in |
| 267 | <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path>. |
263 | <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path>. |
| 268 | </p> |
264 | </p> |
| 269 | |
265 | |
| 270 | <p> |
266 | <p> |
| 271 | DHCP is used by default and does not require any further configuration. |
267 | DHCP is used by default. For DHCP to work, you will need to install a DHCP |
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268 | client. This is described later in <uri |
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269 | link="?part=1&chap=9#networking-tools">Installing Necessary System |
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270 | Tools</uri>. Do not forget to install a DHCP client. |
| 272 | </p> |
271 | </p> |
| 273 | |
272 | |
| 274 | <p> |
273 | <p> |
| 275 | If you need to configure your network connection either because you need |
274 | If you need to configure your network connection either because you need |
| 276 | specific DHCP options or because you do not use DHCP at all, open |
275 | specific DHCP options or because you do not use DHCP at all, open |
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| 298 | to set both <c>config_eth0</c> and <c>routes_eth0</c>: |
297 | to set both <c>config_eth0</c> and <c>routes_eth0</c>: |
| 299 | </p> |
298 | </p> |
| 300 | |
299 | |
| 301 | <pre caption="Manually setting IP information for eth0"> |
300 | <pre caption="Manually setting IP information for eth0"> |
| 302 | config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.0.255" ) |
301 | config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.0.255" ) |
| 303 | routes_eth0=( "default gw 192.168.0.1" ) |
302 | routes_eth0=( "default via 192.168.0.1" ) |
| 304 | </pre> |
303 | </pre> |
| 305 | |
304 | |
| 306 | <p> |
305 | <p> |
| 307 | To use DHCP and add specific DHCP options, define <c>config_eth0</c> and |
306 | To use DHCP, define <c>config_eth0</c>: |
| 308 | <c>dhcp_eth0</c>: |
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| 309 | </p> |
307 | </p> |
| 310 | |
308 | |
| 311 | <pre caption="Automatically obtaining an IP address for eth0"> |
309 | <pre caption="Automatically obtaining an IP address for eth0"> |
| 312 | config_eth0=( "dhcp" ) |
310 | config_eth0=( "dhcp" ) |
| 313 | dhcp_eth0="nodns nontp nonis" |
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| 314 | </pre> |
311 | </pre> |
| 315 | |
312 | |
| 316 | <p> |
313 | <p> |
| 317 | Please read <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path> for a list of all available |
314 | Please read <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path> for a list of all available |
| 318 | options. |
315 | options. Be sure to also read your DHCP client manpage if you need to set |
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316 | specific DHCP options. |
| 319 | </p> |
317 | </p> |
| 320 | |
318 | |
| 321 | <p> |
319 | <p> |
| 322 | If you have several network interfaces repeat the above steps for |
320 | If you have several network interfaces repeat the above steps for |
| 323 | <c>config_eth1</c>, <c>config_eth2</c>, etc. |
321 | <c>config_eth1</c>, <c>config_eth2</c>, etc. |
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| 333 | <title>Automatically Start Networking at Boot</title> |
331 | <title>Automatically Start Networking at Boot</title> |
| 334 | <body> |
332 | <body> |
| 335 | |
333 | |
| 336 | <p> |
334 | <p> |
| 337 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the |
335 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the |
| 338 | default runlevel. If you have PCMCIA interfaces you should skip this action as |
336 | default runlevel. |
| 339 | the PCMCIA interfaces are started by the PCMCIA init script. |
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| 340 | </p> |
337 | </p> |
| 341 | |
338 | |
| 342 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
339 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
| 343 | # <i>rc-update add net.eth0 default</i> |
340 | # <i>rc-update add net.eth0 default</i> |
| 344 | </pre> |
341 | </pre> |
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| 398 | <subsection test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64' or func:keyval('arch')='x86' or substring(func:keyval('arch'),1,3)='PPC'"> |
395 | <subsection test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64' or func:keyval('arch')='x86' or substring(func:keyval('arch'),1,3)='PPC'"> |
| 399 | <title>Optional: Get PCMCIA Working</title> |
396 | <title>Optional: Get PCMCIA Working</title> |
| 400 | <body> |
397 | <body> |
| 401 | |
398 | |
| 402 | <p> |
399 | <p> |
| 403 | PCMCIA-users should first install the <c>pcmcia-cs</c> package. This also |
400 | PCMCIA users should first install the <c>pcmciautils</c> package. |
| 404 | includes users who will be working with a 2.6 kernel (even though they won't be |
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| 405 | using the PCMCIA drivers from this package). The <c>USE="-X"</c> is necessary |
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| 406 | to avoid installing xorg-x11 at this moment: |
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| 407 | </p> |
401 | </p> |
| 408 | |
402 | |
| 409 | <pre caption="Installing pcmcia-cs"> |
403 | <pre caption="Installing pcmciautils"> |
| 410 | # <i>USE="-X" emerge pcmcia-cs</i> |
404 | # <i>emerge pcmciautils</i> |
| 411 | </pre> |
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| 412 | |
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| 413 | <p> |
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| 414 | When <c>pcmcia-cs</c> is installed, add <c>pcmcia</c> to the <e>default</e> |
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| 415 | runlevel: |
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| 416 | </p> |
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| 417 | |
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| 418 | <pre caption="Adding pcmcia to the default runlevel"> |
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| 419 | # <i>rc-update add pcmcia default</i> |
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| 420 | </pre> |
405 | </pre> |
| 421 | |
406 | |
| 422 | </body> |
407 | </body> |
| 423 | </subsection> |
408 | </subsection> |
| 424 | </section> |
409 | </section> |
| … | |
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| 433 | First we set the root password by typing: |
418 | First we set the root password by typing: |
| 434 | </p> |
419 | </p> |
| 435 | |
420 | |
| 436 | <pre caption="Setting the root password"> |
421 | <pre caption="Setting the root password"> |
| 437 | # <i>passwd</i> |
422 | # <i>passwd</i> |
| 438 | </pre> |
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| 439 | |
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| 440 | <p> |
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| 441 | If you want root to be able to log on through the serial console, add |
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| 442 | <c>tts/0</c> to <path>/etc/securetty</path>: |
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| 443 | </p> |
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| 444 | |
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| 445 | <pre caption="Adding tts/0 to /etc/securetty"> |
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| 446 | # <i>echo "tts/0" >> /etc/securetty</i> |
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| 447 | </pre> |
423 | </pre> |
| 448 | |
424 | |
| 449 | </body> |
425 | </body> |
| 450 | </subsection> |
426 | </subsection> |
| 451 | <subsection> |
427 | <subsection> |
| … | |
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| 482 | |
458 | |
| 483 | <p> |
459 | <p> |
| 484 | Take special care with the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable. If you select the wrong |
460 | Take special care with the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable. If you select the wrong |
| 485 | <c>KEYMAP</c>, you will get weird results when typing on your keyboard. |
461 | <c>KEYMAP</c>, you will get weird results when typing on your keyboard. |
| 486 | </p> |
462 | </p> |
| 487 | |
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| 488 | <note test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
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| 489 | Users of USB-based SPARC systems and SPARC clones might need to select an i386 |
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| 490 | keymap (such as "us") instead of "sunkeymap". |
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| 491 | </note> |
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| 492 | |
463 | |
| 493 | <note test="substring(func:keyval('arch'),1,3)='PPC'"> |
464 | <note test="substring(func:keyval('arch'),1,3)='PPC'"> |
| 494 | PPC uses x86 keymaps on most systems. Users who want to be able to use ADB |
465 | PPC uses x86 keymaps on most systems. Users who want to be able to use ADB |
| 495 | keymaps on boot have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have to |
466 | keymaps on boot have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have to |
| 496 | set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path>. |
467 | set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path>. |
| … | |
… | |
| 509 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/clock"> |
480 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/clock"> |
| 510 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock</i> |
481 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock</i> |
| 511 | </pre> |
482 | </pre> |
| 512 | |
483 | |
| 513 | <p> |
484 | <p> |
| 514 | If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add <c>CLOCK="local"</c> to |
485 | If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add <c>CLOCK="local"</c> |
| 515 | the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew. Furthermore, Windows |
486 | to the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew. |
| 516 | assumes that your hardware clock uses local time, so if you want to dualboot, |
487 | </p> |
| 517 | you should set this variable appropriately, otherwise your clock will go crazy. |
488 | |
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489 | <p> |
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490 | You should define the timezone that you previously copied to |
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491 | <path>/etc/localtime</path> so that further upgrades of the |
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492 | <c>sys-libs/timezone-data</c> package can update <path>/etc/localtime</path> |
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493 | automatically. For instance, if you used the GMT timezone, you would add |
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494 | <c>TIMEZONE="GMT"</c> |
| 518 | </p> |
495 | </p> |
| 519 | |
496 | |
| 520 | <p> |
497 | <p> |
| 521 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path>, save and |
498 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path>, save and |
| 522 | exit. |
499 | exit. |
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