| … | |
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
| 3 | |
3 | |
| 4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
| 5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
| 6 | |
6 | |
| 7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.98 2008/04/17 21:11:30 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.109 2012/02/22 21:27:45 swift Exp $ --> |
| 8 | |
8 | |
| 9 | <sections> |
9 | <sections> |
| 10 | |
10 | |
| 11 | <abstract> |
11 | <abstract> |
| 12 | You need to edit some important configuration files. In this chapter |
12 | You need to edit some important configuration files. In this chapter |
| 13 | you receive an overview of these files and an explanation on how to |
13 | you receive an overview of these files and an explanation on how to |
| 14 | proceed. |
14 | proceed. |
| 15 | </abstract> |
15 | </abstract> |
| 16 | |
16 | |
| 17 | <version>9.1</version> |
17 | <version>16</version> |
| 18 | <date>2008-04-17</date> |
18 | <date>2012-02-22</date> |
| 19 | |
19 | |
| 20 | <section> |
20 | <section> |
| 21 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
21 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
| 22 | <subsection> |
22 | <subsection> |
| 23 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
23 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
| … | |
… | |
| 89 | Let us take a look at how we write down the options for the <path>/boot</path> |
89 | Let us take a look at how we write down the options for the <path>/boot</path> |
| 90 | partition. This is just an example, if you didn't or couldn't create a |
90 | partition. This is just an example, if you didn't or couldn't create a |
| 91 | <path>/boot</path>, don't copy it. |
91 | <path>/boot</path>, don't copy it. |
| 92 | </p> |
92 | </p> |
| 93 | |
93 | |
| 94 | <p test="contains(func:keyval('/boot'), '/dev/hd')"> |
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| 95 | In our default <keyval id="arch"/> partitioning example, <path>/boot</path> is |
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| 96 | usually the <path><keyval id="/boot"/></path> partition (or |
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| 97 | <path>/dev/sda*</path> if you use SCSI or SATA drives), with <c>ext2</c> as |
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| 98 | filesystem. It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: |
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| 99 | </p> |
94 | <p> |
| 100 | |
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| 101 | <p test="contains(func:keyval('/boot'), '/dev/sd')"> |
|
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| 102 | In our default <keyval id="arch"/> partitioning example, <path>/boot</path> is |
95 | In our default <keyval id="arch"/> partitioning example, <path>/boot</path> is |
| 103 | usually the <path><keyval id="/boot"/></path> partition, with <c>ext2</c> as |
96 | usually the <path><keyval id="/boot"/></path> partition, with <c>ext2</c> as |
| 104 | filesystem. It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: |
97 | filesystem. It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: |
| 105 | </p> |
98 | </p> |
| 106 | |
99 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 116 | </p> |
109 | </p> |
| 117 | |
110 | |
| 118 | </body> |
111 | </body> |
| 119 | <body> |
112 | <body> |
| 120 | |
113 | |
| 121 | <p test="not(func:keyval('arch')='SPARC')"> |
114 | <p> |
| 122 | Add the rules that match your partitioning scheme and append rules for |
115 | Add the rules that match your partitioning scheme and append rules for |
| 123 | your CD-ROM drive(s), and of course, if you have other partitions or drives, |
116 | your CD-ROM drive(s), and of course, if you have other partitions or drives, |
| 124 | for those too. |
117 | for those too. |
| 125 | </p> |
118 | </p> |
| 126 | |
119 | |
| 127 | <p test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
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| 128 | Add the rules that match your partitioning schema and append rules for |
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| 129 | <path>/proc/openprom</path>, for your CD-ROM drive(s), and of course, if |
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| 130 | you have other partitions or drives, for those too. |
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| 131 | </p> |
|
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| 132 | |
|
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| 133 | <p> |
120 | <p> |
| 134 | Now use the <e>example</e> below to create your <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
121 | Now use the <e>example</e> below to create your <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
| 135 | </p> |
122 | </p> |
| 136 | |
|
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| 137 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64' or func:keyval('arch')='x86'"> |
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| 138 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
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| 139 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
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| 140 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
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| 141 | |
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| 142 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
|
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| 143 | </pre> |
|
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| 144 | |
123 | |
| 145 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='HPPA'"> |
124 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='HPPA'"> |
| 146 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
125 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 147 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
126 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 148 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
127 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 149 | |
128 | |
| 150 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
129 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 151 | </pre> |
|
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| 152 | |
130 | |
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131 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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132 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
|
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133 | </pre> |
|
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134 | |
| 153 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='Alpha' or func:keyval('arch')='MIPS'"> |
135 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='Alpha' or func:keyval('arch')='MIPS' or func:keyval('arch')='x86' or func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> |
| 154 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
136 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 155 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
137 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 156 | /dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
138 | /dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 157 | |
139 | |
| 158 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
140 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
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141 | |
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142 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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143 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 159 | </pre> |
144 | </pre> |
| 160 | |
145 | |
| 161 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
146 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
| 162 | /dev/sda1 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
147 | /dev/sda1 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 163 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
148 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 164 | /dev/sda4 /usr ext3 noatime 0 2 |
149 | /dev/sda4 /usr ext3 noatime 0 2 |
| 165 | /dev/sda5 /var ext3 noatime 0 2 |
150 | /dev/sda5 /var ext3 noatime 0 2 |
| 166 | /dev/sda6 /home ext3 noatime 0 2 |
151 | /dev/sda6 /home ext3 noatime 0 2 |
| 167 | |
152 | |
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153 | <comment># You must add the rules for openprom</comment> |
| 168 | openprom /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
154 | openprom /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
| 169 | |
155 | |
| 170 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
156 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 171 | </pre> |
|
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| 172 | |
157 | |
| 173 | <note test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC'"> |
158 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
| 174 | There are important variations between PPC machine types. Please make sure you |
159 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 175 | adapt the following example to your system. |
160 | </pre> |
| 176 | </note> |
|
|
| 177 | |
161 | |
| 178 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC'"> |
162 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC' or |
| 179 | /dev/hda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
163 | func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
| 180 | /dev/hda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
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| 181 | |
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| 182 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
|
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| 183 | </pre> |
|
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| 184 | |
|
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| 185 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
|
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| 186 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
164 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 187 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
165 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 188 | |
166 | |
| 189 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
167 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
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168 | |
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169 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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170 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 190 | </pre> |
171 | </pre> |
| 191 | |
172 | |
| 192 | <p> |
173 | <p> |
| 193 | <c>auto</c> makes <c>mount</c> guess for the filesystem (recommended for |
174 | <c>auto</c> makes <c>mount</c> guess for the filesystem (recommended for |
| 194 | removable media as they can be created with one of many filesystems) and |
175 | removable media as they can be created with one of many filesystems) and |
| … | |
… | |
| 223 | </p> |
204 | </p> |
| 224 | |
205 | |
| 225 | <pre caption="Setting the host name"> |
206 | <pre caption="Setting the host name"> |
| 226 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname</i> |
207 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname</i> |
| 227 | |
208 | |
| 228 | <comment>(Set the HOSTNAME variable to your host name)</comment> |
209 | <comment>(Set the hostname variable to your host name)</comment> |
| 229 | HOSTNAME="<i>tux</i>" |
210 | hostname="<i>tux</i>" |
| 230 | </pre> |
211 | </pre> |
| 231 | |
212 | |
| 232 | <p> |
213 | <p> |
| 233 | Second, <e>if</e> you need a domainname, set it in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. |
214 | Second, <e>if</e> you need a domainname, set it in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. |
| 234 | You only need a domain if your ISP or network administrator says so, or if you |
215 | You only need a domain if your ISP or network administrator says so, or if you |
| … | |
… | |
| 261 | nis_domain_lo="<i>my-nisdomain</i>" |
242 | nis_domain_lo="<i>my-nisdomain</i>" |
| 262 | </pre> |
243 | </pre> |
| 263 | |
244 | |
| 264 | <note> |
245 | <note> |
| 265 | For more information on configuring DNS and NIS, please read the examples |
246 | For more information on configuring DNS and NIS, please read the examples |
| 266 | provided in <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path>. Also, you may want to emerge |
247 | provided in <path>/usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2</path> which |
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|
248 | can be read using <c>bzless</c>. Also, you may want to emerge <c>openresolv</c> |
| 267 | <c>openresolv</c> to help manage your DNS/NIS setup. |
249 | to help manage your DNS/NIS setup. |
| 268 | </note> |
250 | </note> |
| 269 | |
251 | |
| 270 | </body> |
252 | </body> |
| 271 | </subsection> |
253 | </subsection> |
| 272 | <subsection> |
254 | <subsection> |
| … | |
… | |
| 289 | <p> |
271 | <p> |
| 290 | All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses |
272 | All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses |
| 291 | a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to set up |
273 | a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to set up |
| 292 | networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything. A fully |
274 | networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything. A fully |
| 293 | commented example that covers many different configurations is available in |
275 | commented example that covers many different configurations is available in |
| 294 | <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path>. |
276 | <path>/usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2</path>. |
| 295 | </p> |
277 | </p> |
| 296 | |
278 | |
| 297 | <p> |
279 | <p> |
| 298 | DHCP is used by default. For DHCP to work, you will need to install a DHCP |
280 | DHCP is used by default. For DHCP to work, you will need to install a DHCP |
| 299 | client. This is described later in <uri |
281 | client. This is described later in <uri |
| … | |
… | |
| 317 | </p> |
299 | </p> |
| 318 | |
300 | |
| 319 | <pre caption="Default /etc/conf.d/net"> |
301 | <pre caption="Default /etc/conf.d/net"> |
| 320 | # This blank configuration will automatically use DHCP for any net.* |
302 | # This blank configuration will automatically use DHCP for any net.* |
| 321 | # scripts in /etc/init.d. To create a more complete configuration, |
303 | # scripts in /etc/init.d. To create a more complete configuration, |
| 322 | # please review /etc/conf.d/net.example and save your configuration |
304 | # please review /usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2 and save |
| 323 | # in /etc/conf.d/net (this file :]!). |
305 | # your configuration in /etc/conf.d/net (this file :]!). |
| 324 | </pre> |
306 | </pre> |
| 325 | |
307 | |
| 326 | <p> |
308 | <p> |
| 327 | To enter your own IP address, netmask and gateway, you need |
309 | To enter your own IP address, netmask and gateway, you need |
| 328 | to set both <c>config_eth0</c> and <c>routes_eth0</c>: |
310 | to set both <c>config_eth0</c> and <c>routes_eth0</c>: |
| 329 | </p> |
311 | </p> |
| 330 | |
312 | |
| 331 | <pre caption="Manually setting IP information for eth0"> |
313 | <pre caption="Manually setting IP information for eth0"> |
| 332 | config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.0.255" ) |
314 | config_eth0="192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.0.255" |
| 333 | routes_eth0=( "default via 192.168.0.1" ) |
315 | routes_eth0="default via 192.168.0.1" |
| 334 | </pre> |
316 | </pre> |
| 335 | |
317 | |
| 336 | <p> |
318 | <p> |
| 337 | To use DHCP and add specific DHCP options, define <c>config_eth0</c> and |
319 | To use DHCP, define <c>config_eth0</c>: |
| 338 | <c>dhcp_eth0</c>: |
|
|
| 339 | </p> |
320 | </p> |
| 340 | |
321 | |
| 341 | <pre caption="Automatically obtaining an IP address for eth0"> |
322 | <pre caption="Automatically obtaining an IP address for eth0"> |
| 342 | config_eth0=( "dhcp" ) |
323 | config_eth0="dhcp" |
| 343 | dhcp_eth0="nodns nontp nonis" |
|
|
| 344 | </pre> |
324 | </pre> |
| 345 | |
325 | |
| 346 | <p> |
326 | <p> |
| 347 | Please read <path>/etc/conf.d/net.example</path> for a list of all available |
327 | Please read <path>/usr/share/doc/openrc-*/net.example.bz2</path> for a |
| 348 | options. |
328 | list of all available options. Be sure to also read your DHCP client manpage if |
|
|
329 | you need to set specific DHCP options. |
| 349 | </p> |
330 | </p> |
| 350 | |
331 | |
| 351 | <p> |
332 | <p> |
| 352 | If you have several network interfaces repeat the above steps for |
333 | If you have several network interfaces repeat the above steps for |
| 353 | <c>config_eth1</c>, <c>config_eth2</c>, etc. |
334 | <c>config_eth1</c>, <c>config_eth2</c>, etc. |
| … | |
… | |
| 367 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the |
348 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the |
| 368 | default runlevel. |
349 | default runlevel. |
| 369 | </p> |
350 | </p> |
| 370 | |
351 | |
| 371 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
352 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
|
|
353 | # <i>cd /etc/init.d</i> |
|
|
354 | # <i>ln -s net.lo net.eth0</i> |
| 372 | # <i>rc-update add net.eth0 default</i> |
355 | # <i>rc-update add net.eth0 default</i> |
| 373 | </pre> |
356 | </pre> |
| 374 | |
357 | |
| 375 | <p> |
358 | <p> |
| 376 | If you have several network interfaces, you need to create the appropriate |
359 | If you have several network interfaces, you need to create the appropriate |
| 377 | <path>net.eth1</path>, <path>net.eth2</path> etc. initscripts for those. You can |
360 | <path>net.eth1</path>, <path>net.eth2</path> etc. just like you did with |
| 378 | use <c>ln</c> to do this: |
361 | <path>net.eth0</path>. |
| 379 | </p> |
|
|
| 380 | |
|
|
| 381 | <pre caption="Creating extra initscripts"> |
|
|
| 382 | # <i>cd /etc/init.d</i> |
|
|
| 383 | # <i>ln -s net.lo net.eth1</i> |
|
|
| 384 | # <i>rc-update add net.eth1 default</i> |
|
|
| 385 | </pre> |
362 | </p> |
| 386 | |
363 | |
| 387 | </body> |
364 | </body> |
| 388 | </subsection> |
365 | </subsection> |
| 389 | <subsection> |
366 | <subsection> |
| 390 | <title>Writing Down Network Information</title> |
367 | <title>Writing Down Network Information</title> |
| … | |
… | |
| 487 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/keymaps"> |
464 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/keymaps"> |
| 488 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps</i> |
465 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps</i> |
| 489 | </pre> |
466 | </pre> |
| 490 | |
467 | |
| 491 | <p> |
468 | <p> |
| 492 | Take special care with the <c>KEYMAP</c> variable. If you select the wrong |
469 | Take special care with the <c>keymap</c> variable. If you select the wrong |
| 493 | <c>KEYMAP</c>, you will get weird results when typing on your keyboard. |
470 | <c>keymap</c>, you will get weird results when typing on your keyboard. |
| 494 | </p> |
471 | </p> |
| 495 | |
472 | |
| 496 | <note test="substring(func:keyval('arch'),1,3)='PPC'"> |
473 | <note test="substring(func:keyval('arch'),1,3)='PPC'"> |
| 497 | PPC uses x86 keymaps on most systems. Users who want to be able to use ADB |
474 | PPC uses x86 keymaps on most systems. |
| 498 | keymaps on boot have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have to |
|
|
| 499 | set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path>. |
|
|
| 500 | </note> |
475 | </note> |
| 501 | |
476 | |
| 502 | <p> |
477 | <p> |
| 503 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path>, save and |
478 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path>, save and |
| 504 | exit. |
479 | exit. |
| 505 | </p> |
480 | </p> |
| 506 | |
481 | |
| 507 | <p> |
482 | <p> |
| 508 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path> to set clock options. Edit it |
483 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/conf.d/hwclock</path> to set clock options. Edit it |
| 509 | according to your needs. |
484 | according to your needs. |
| 510 | </p> |
485 | </p> |
| 511 | |
486 | |
| 512 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/clock"> |
487 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/hwclock"> |
| 513 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock</i> |
488 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock</i> |
| 514 | </pre> |
489 | </pre> |
| 515 | |
490 | |
| 516 | <p> |
491 | <p> |
| 517 | If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add <c>CLOCK="local"</c> |
492 | If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add <c>clock="local"</c> |
| 518 | to the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew. |
493 | to the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew. |
| 519 | </p> |
494 | </p> |
| 520 | |
495 | |
| 521 | <p> |
496 | <p> |
|
|
497 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/hwclock</path>, save and |
|
|
498 | exit. |
|
|
499 | </p> |
|
|
500 | |
|
|
501 | <p> |
| 522 | You should define the timezone that you previously copied to |
502 | You should define the timezone that you previously copied to |
| 523 | <path>/etc/localtime</path> so that further upgrades of the |
503 | <path>/etc/localtime</path> in the <path>/etc/timezone</path> file so that |
| 524 | <c>sys-libs/timezone-data</c> package can update <path>/etc/localtime</path> |
504 | further upgrades of the <c>sys-libs/timezone-data</c> package can update |
| 525 | automatically. For instance, if you used the GMT timezone, you would add |
505 | <path>/etc/localtime</path> automatically. For instance, if you used the |
| 526 | <c>TIMEZONE="GMT"</c> |
506 | Europe/Brussels timezone, you would write <c>Europe/Brussels</c> in the |
| 527 | </p> |
507 | <path>/etc/timezone</path> file. |
| 528 | |
|
|
| 529 | <p> |
|
|
| 530 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path>, save and |
|
|
| 531 | exit. |
|
|
| 532 | </p> |
508 | </p> |
| 533 | |
509 | |
| 534 | <p test="not(func:keyval('arch')='PPC64')"> |
510 | <p test="not(func:keyval('arch')='PPC64')"> |
| 535 | Please continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System |
511 | Please continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System |
| 536 | Tools</uri>. |
512 | Tools</uri>. |
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