| … | |
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
| 3 | |
3 | |
| 4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
| 5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 --> |
5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 --> |
| 6 | |
6 | |
| 7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.30 2004/03/21 10:21:35 swift Exp $ --> |
7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.48 2004/10/23 11:02:06 swift Exp $ --> |
| 8 | |
8 | |
| 9 | <sections> |
9 | <sections> |
| 10 | <section> |
10 | <section> |
| 11 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
11 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
| 12 | <subsection> |
12 | <subsection> |
| … | |
… | |
| 15 | |
15 | |
| 16 | <p> |
16 | <p> |
| 17 | Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in |
17 | Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in |
| 18 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>. This file contains the mountpoints of those partitions |
18 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>. This file contains the mountpoints of those partitions |
| 19 | (where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted |
19 | (where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted |
| 20 | (special options) and when (automatically or not, can users mount those or not, |
20 | and with what special options (automatically or not, whether users can mount |
| 21 | etc.). |
21 | them or not, etc.) |
| 22 | </p> |
22 | </p> |
| 23 | |
23 | |
| 24 | </body> |
24 | </body> |
| 25 | </subsection> |
25 | </subsection> |
| 26 | <subsection> |
26 | <subsection> |
| … | |
… | |
| 57 | </li> |
57 | </li> |
| 58 | <li> |
58 | <li> |
| 59 | The sixth field is used by <c>fsck</c> to determine the order in which |
59 | The sixth field is used by <c>fsck</c> to determine the order in which |
| 60 | filesystems should be <b>check</b>ed if the system wasn't shut down properly. |
60 | filesystems should be <b>check</b>ed if the system wasn't shut down properly. |
| 61 | The root filesystem should have <c>1</c> while the rest should have <c>2</c> |
61 | The root filesystem should have <c>1</c> while the rest should have <c>2</c> |
| 62 | (or <c>0</c> in case a filesystem check isn't necessary). |
62 | (or <c>0</c> if a filesystem check isn't necessary). |
| 63 | </li> |
63 | </li> |
| 64 | </ul> |
64 | </ul> |
| 65 | |
65 | |
| 66 | <p> |
66 | <p> |
|
|
67 | The default <path>/etc/fstab</path> file provided by Gentoo <e>is no valid fstab |
| 67 | So start <c>nano</c> (or your favorite editor) to create your |
68 | file</e>, so start <c>nano</c> (or your favorite editor) to create your |
| 68 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
69 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
| 69 | </p> |
70 | </p> |
| 70 | |
71 | |
| 71 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/fstab"> |
72 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/fstab"> |
| 72 | # <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i> |
73 | # <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i> |
| 73 | </pre> |
74 | </pre> |
| 74 | |
75 | |
| 75 | <p> |
76 | <p> |
| 76 | Let us take a look at how we write down the options for the <path>/boot</path> |
77 | Let us take a look at how we write down the options for the <path>/boot</path> |
| 77 | partition. This is just an example, so if your architecture doesn't require a |
78 | partition. This is just an example, so if your architecture doesn't require a |
| 78 | <path>/boot</path> partition (such as PPC), don't copy it verbatim. |
79 | <path>/boot</path> partition (such as <b>PPC</b>), don't copy it verbatim. |
| 79 | </p> |
80 | </p> |
| 80 | |
81 | |
| 81 | <p> |
82 | <p> |
| 82 | In our default x86 partitioning example <path>/boot</path> is the |
83 | In our default x86 partitioning example <path>/boot</path> is the |
| 83 | <path>/dev/hda1</path> partition, with <c>ext2</c> as filesystem. It shouldn't |
84 | <path>/dev/hda1</path> partition, with <c>ext2</c> as filesystem. |
| 84 | be mounted automatically (<c>noauto</c>) but does need to be checked. So we |
85 | It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: |
| 85 | would write down: |
|
|
| 86 | </p> |
86 | </p> |
| 87 | |
87 | |
| 88 | <pre caption="An example /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
88 | <pre caption="An example /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
| 89 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto 1 2 |
89 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 |
|
|
90 | </pre> |
|
|
91 | |
|
|
92 | <p> |
|
|
93 | Some users don't want their <path>/boot</path> partition to be mounted |
|
|
94 | automatically to improve their system's security. Those people should |
|
|
95 | substitute <c>defaults</c> with <c>noauto</c>. This does mean that you need to |
|
|
96 | manually mount this partition every time you want to use it. |
| 90 | </pre> |
97 | </p> |
| 91 | |
98 | |
| 92 | <p> |
99 | <p> |
| 93 | Now, to improve performance, most users would want to add the <c>noatime</c> |
100 | Now, to improve performance, most users would want to add the <c>noatime</c> |
| 94 | option as mountoption, which results in a faster system since access times |
101 | option as mountoption, which results in a faster system since access times |
| 95 | aren't registered (you don't need those generally anyway): |
102 | aren't registered (you don't need those generally anyway): |
| 96 | </p> |
103 | </p> |
| 97 | |
104 | |
| 98 | <pre caption="An improved /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
105 | <pre caption="An improved /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
| 99 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
106 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 100 | </pre> |
107 | </pre> |
| 101 | |
108 | |
| 102 | <p> |
109 | <p> |
| 103 | If we continue with this, we would end up with the following three lines (for |
110 | If we continue with this, we would end up with the following three lines (for |
| 104 | <path>/boot</path>, <path>/</path> and the swap partition): |
111 | <path>/boot</path>, <path>/</path> and the swap partition): |
| 105 | </p> |
112 | </p> |
| 106 | |
113 | |
| 107 | <pre caption="Three /etc/fstab lines"> |
114 | <pre caption="Three /etc/fstab lines"> |
| 108 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
115 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 109 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
116 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 110 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
117 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 111 | </pre> |
118 | </pre> |
| 112 | |
119 | |
| 113 | <p> |
120 | <p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 115 | (required) and for your CD-ROM drive (and of course, if you have other |
122 | (required) and for your CD-ROM drive (and of course, if you have other |
| 116 | partitions or drives, for those too): |
123 | partitions or drives, for those too): |
| 117 | </p> |
124 | </p> |
| 118 | |
125 | |
| 119 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example"> |
126 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example"> |
| 120 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
127 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
| 121 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
128 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 122 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
129 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 123 | |
130 | |
| 124 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
131 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
| 125 | none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 |
132 | none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 126 | |
133 | |
| 127 | /dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
134 | /dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 128 | </pre> |
135 | </pre> |
| 129 | |
136 | |
| 130 | <p> |
137 | <p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 133 | <c>user</c> makes it possible for non-root users to mount the CD. |
140 | <c>user</c> makes it possible for non-root users to mount the CD. |
| 134 | </p> |
141 | </p> |
| 135 | |
142 | |
| 136 | <p> |
143 | <p> |
| 137 | Now use the above example to create your <path>/etc/fstab</path>. If you are a |
144 | Now use the above example to create your <path>/etc/fstab</path>. If you are a |
| 138 | SPARC-user, you should add the following line to your <path>/etc/fstab</path> |
145 | <b>SPARC</b>-user, you should add the following line to your |
|
|
146 | <path>/etc/fstab</path> |
| 139 | too: |
147 | too: |
| 140 | </p> |
148 | </p> |
| 141 | |
149 | |
| 142 | <pre caption="Adding openprom filesystem to /etc/fstab"> |
150 | <pre caption="Adding openprom filesystem to /etc/fstab"> |
| 143 | none /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
151 | none /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
| … | |
… | |
| 150 | <pre caption="Adding usbfs filesystem to /etc/fstab"> |
158 | <pre caption="Adding usbfs filesystem to /etc/fstab"> |
| 151 | none /proc/bus/usb usbfs defaults 0 0 |
159 | none /proc/bus/usb usbfs defaults 0 0 |
| 152 | </pre> |
160 | </pre> |
| 153 | |
161 | |
| 154 | <p> |
162 | <p> |
| 155 | Reread your <path>/etc/fstab</path>, save and quit to continue. |
163 | Double-check your <path>/etc/fstab</path>, save and quit to continue. |
| 156 | </p> |
164 | </p> |
| 157 | |
165 | |
| 158 | </body> |
166 | </body> |
| 159 | </subsection> |
167 | </subsection> |
| 160 | </section> |
168 | </section> |
| … | |
… | |
| 163 | <subsection> |
171 | <subsection> |
| 164 | <title>Hostname, Domainname etc.</title> |
172 | <title>Hostname, Domainname etc.</title> |
| 165 | <body> |
173 | <body> |
| 166 | |
174 | |
| 167 | <p> |
175 | <p> |
| 168 | One of the choices the user has to make is name his PC. This seems to be quite |
176 | One of the choices the user has to make is name his/her PC. This seems to be |
| 169 | easy, but <e>lots</e> of users are having difficulties finding the appropriate |
177 | quite easy, but <e>lots</e> of users are having difficulties finding the |
| 170 | name for their Linux-pc. To speed things up, know that any name you choose can |
178 | appropriate name for their Linux-pc. To speed things up, know that any name you |
| 171 | be changed afterwards. For all we care, you can just call your system |
179 | choose can be changed afterwards. For all we care, you can just call your system |
| 172 | <c>tux</c> and domain <c>homenetwork</c>. |
180 | <c>tux</c> and domain <c>homenetwork</c>. |
| 173 | </p> |
181 | </p> |
| 174 | |
182 | |
| 175 | <p> |
183 | <p> |
| 176 | We use these values in the next examples. First we set the hostname: |
184 | We use these values in the next examples. First we set the hostname: |
| … | |
… | |
| 218 | your Gentoo system permanently. |
226 | your Gentoo system permanently. |
| 219 | </p> |
227 | </p> |
| 220 | |
228 | |
| 221 | <p> |
229 | <p> |
| 222 | All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses |
230 | All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses |
| 223 | a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to setup |
231 | a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to set up |
| 224 | networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything :) |
232 | networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything :) |
| 225 | </p> |
233 | </p> |
| 226 | |
234 | |
| 227 | <p> |
235 | <p> |
| 228 | First open <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> with your favorite editor (<c>nano</c> |
236 | First open <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> with your favorite editor (<c>nano</c> |
| … | |
… | |
| 243 | </pre> |
251 | </pre> |
| 244 | |
252 | |
| 245 | <p> |
253 | <p> |
| 246 | If you use DHCP (automatic IP retrieval), you should just set <c>iface_eth0</c> |
254 | If you use DHCP (automatic IP retrieval), you should just set <c>iface_eth0</c> |
| 247 | to <c>dhcp</c>. If you use rp-pppoe (e.g. for ADSL), set it to <c>up</c>. |
255 | to <c>dhcp</c>. If you use rp-pppoe (e.g. for ADSL), set it to <c>up</c>. |
| 248 | If you need to setup your network manually and you're |
256 | If you need to set up your network manually and you're |
| 249 | not familiar with all the above terms, please read the section on <uri |
257 | not familiar with all the above terms, please read the section on <uri |
| 250 | link="?part=1&chap=3#doc_chap4_sect3">Understanding Network |
258 | link="?part=1&chap=3#network_term">Understanding Network |
| 251 | Terminology</uri> if you haven't done so already. |
259 | Terminology</uri> if you haven't done so already. |
| 252 | </p> |
260 | </p> |
| 253 | |
261 | |
| 254 | <p> |
262 | <p> |
| 255 | So let us give three examples; the first one uses DHCP, the second one a static |
263 | So let us give three examples; the first one uses DHCP, the second one a static |
| … | |
… | |
| 259 | </p> |
267 | </p> |
| 260 | |
268 | |
| 261 | <pre caption="Examples for /etc/conf.d/net"> |
269 | <pre caption="Examples for /etc/conf.d/net"> |
| 262 | <comment>(For DHCP)</comment> |
270 | <comment>(For DHCP)</comment> |
| 263 | iface_eth0="dhcp" |
271 | iface_eth0="dhcp" |
|
|
272 | <comment># Some network admins require that you use the</comment> |
|
|
273 | <comment># hostname and domainname provided by the DHCP server.</comment> |
|
|
274 | <comment># In that case, add the following to let dhcpcd use them.</comment> |
|
|
275 | <comment># That will override your own hostname and domainname definitions.</comment> |
|
|
276 | dhcpcd_eth0="-HD" |
|
|
277 | <comment># If you intend on using NTP to keep your machine clock synchronized, use</comment> |
|
|
278 | <comment># the -N option to prevent dhcpcd from overwriting your /etc/ntp.conf file</comment> |
|
|
279 | dhcpcd_eth0="-N" |
| 264 | |
280 | |
| 265 | <comment>(For static IP)</comment> |
281 | <comment>(For static IP)</comment> |
| 266 | iface_eth0="192.168.0.2 broadcast 192.168.0.255 netmask 255.255.255.0" |
282 | iface_eth0="192.168.0.2 broadcast 192.168.0.255 netmask 255.255.255.0" |
| 267 | gateway="eth0/192.168.0.1" |
283 | gateway="eth0/192.168.0.1" |
| 268 | |
284 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 285 | <subsection> |
301 | <subsection> |
| 286 | <title>Automatically Start Networking at Boot</title> |
302 | <title>Automatically Start Networking at Boot</title> |
| 287 | <body> |
303 | <body> |
| 288 | |
304 | |
| 289 | <p> |
305 | <p> |
| 290 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add those to the |
306 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the |
| 291 | default runlevel. If you have PCMCIA interfaces you should skip this action as |
307 | default runlevel. If you have PCMCIA interfaces you should skip this action as |
| 292 | the PCMCIA interfaces are started by the PCMCIA init script. |
308 | the PCMCIA interfaces are started by the PCMCIA init script. |
| 293 | </p> |
309 | </p> |
| 294 | |
310 | |
| 295 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
311 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
| … | |
… | |
| 334 | 192.168.0.7 tux.homenetwork tux |
350 | 192.168.0.7 tux.homenetwork tux |
| 335 | </pre> |
351 | </pre> |
| 336 | |
352 | |
| 337 | <p> |
353 | <p> |
| 338 | If your system is the only system (or the nameservers handle all name |
354 | If your system is the only system (or the nameservers handle all name |
| 339 | resolution) a single line is sufficient: |
355 | resolution) a single line is sufficient. For instance, if you want to call your |
|
|
356 | system <c>tux.homenetwork</c>: |
| 340 | </p> |
357 | </p> |
| 341 | |
358 | |
| 342 | <pre caption="/etc/hosts for lonely or fully integrated PCs"> |
359 | <pre caption="/etc/hosts for lonely or fully integrated PCs"> |
| 343 | 127.0.0.1 localhost |
360 | 127.0.0.1 tux.homenetwork tux localhost |
| 344 | </pre> |
361 | </pre> |
| 345 | |
362 | |
| 346 | <p> |
363 | <p> |
| 347 | Save and exit the editor to continue. |
364 | Save and exit the editor to continue. |
| 348 | </p> |
365 | </p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 357 | </subsection> |
374 | </subsection> |
| 358 | <subsection> |
375 | <subsection> |
| 359 | <title>Optional: Get PCMCIA Working</title> |
376 | <title>Optional: Get PCMCIA Working</title> |
| 360 | <body> |
377 | <body> |
| 361 | |
378 | |
|
|
379 | <note> |
|
|
380 | pcmcia-cs is only available for x86, amd64 and ppc platforms. |
|
|
381 | </note> |
|
|
382 | |
| 362 | <p> |
383 | <p> |
| 363 | PCMCIA-users should first install the <c>pcmcia-cs</c> package. The |
384 | PCMCIA-users should first install the <c>pcmcia-cs</c> package. This also |
| 364 | <c>USE="-X"</c> is necessary to avoid installing XFree86 at this moment: |
385 | includes users who will be working with a 2.6 kernel (even though they won't be |
|
|
386 | using the PCMCIA drivers from this package). The <c>USE="-X"</c> is necessary |
|
|
387 | to avoid installing xorg-x11 at this moment: |
| 365 | </p> |
388 | </p> |
| 366 | |
389 | |
| 367 | <pre caption="Installing pcmcia-cs"> |
390 | <pre caption="Installing pcmcia-cs"> |
| 368 | # <i>USE="-X" emerge pcmcia-cs</i> |
391 | # <i>USE="-X" emerge pcmcia-cs</i> |
| 369 | </pre> |
392 | </pre> |
| … | |
… | |
| 379 | |
402 | |
| 380 | </body> |
403 | </body> |
| 381 | </subsection> |
404 | </subsection> |
| 382 | </section> |
405 | </section> |
| 383 | <section> |
406 | <section> |
|
|
407 | <title>System Information</title> |
|
|
408 | <subsection> |
|
|
409 | <title>Root Password</title> |
|
|
410 | <body> |
|
|
411 | |
|
|
412 | <p> |
|
|
413 | First we set the root password by typing: |
|
|
414 | </p> |
|
|
415 | |
|
|
416 | <pre caption="Setting the root password"> |
|
|
417 | # <i>passwd</i> |
|
|
418 | </pre> |
|
|
419 | |
|
|
420 | <p> |
|
|
421 | If you want root to be able to log on through the serial console, add |
|
|
422 | <c>tts/0</c> to <path>/etc/securetty</path>: |
|
|
423 | </p> |
|
|
424 | |
|
|
425 | <pre caption="Adding tts/0 to /etc/securetty"> |
|
|
426 | # <i>echo "tts/0" >> /etc/securetty</i> |
|
|
427 | </pre> |
|
|
428 | |
|
|
429 | </body> |
|
|
430 | </subsection> |
|
|
431 | <subsection> |
| 384 | <title>System Information</title> |
432 | <title>System Information</title> |
| 385 | <body> |
433 | <body> |
| 386 | |
434 | |
| 387 | <p> |
435 | <p> |
| 388 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> for general, system-wide configuration. |
436 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> for general, system-wide configuration. |
| … | |
… | |
| 399 | you select the wrong <c>KEYMAP</c> you will get weird results when typing on |
447 | you select the wrong <c>KEYMAP</c> you will get weird results when typing on |
| 400 | your keyboard. |
448 | your keyboard. |
| 401 | </p> |
449 | </p> |
| 402 | |
450 | |
| 403 | <note> |
451 | <note> |
| 404 | Users of USB-based SPARC systems and SPARC clones might need to select an i386 |
452 | Users of USB-based <b>SPARC</b> systems and <b>SPARC</b> clones might need to |
| 405 | keymap (such as "us") instead of "sunkeymap". |
453 | select an i386 keymap (such as "us") instead of "sunkeymap". |
| 406 | </note> |
454 | </note> |
| 407 | |
455 | |
| 408 | <p> |
456 | <p> |
| 409 | PPC uses x86 keymaps on most systems. Users who want to be able to use ADB |
457 | <b>PPC</b> uses x86 keymaps on most systems. Users who want to be able to use |
| 410 | keymaps on boot have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have to |
458 | ADB keymaps on boot have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have |
| 411 | set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>rc.conf</path>. |
459 | to set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>rc.conf</path>. |
| 412 | </p> |
460 | </p> |
| 413 | |
461 | |
| 414 | <p> |
462 | <p> |
| 415 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, save and exit, then |
463 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, save and exit, then |
| 416 | continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Configuring the Bootloader</uri>. |
464 | continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System |
|
|
465 | Tools</uri>. |
| 417 | </p> |
466 | </p> |
| 418 | |
467 | |
| 419 | </body> |
468 | </body> |
|
|
469 | </subsection> |
| 420 | </section> |
470 | </section> |
| 421 | </sections> |
471 | </sections> |
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