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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
| 3 | |
3 | |
| 4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 --> |
| 6 | |
6 | |
| 7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.36 2004/07/09 11:24:20 neysx Exp $ --> |
7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.51 2004/11/15 12:47:47 swift Exp $ --> |
| 8 | |
8 | |
| 9 | <sections> |
9 | <sections> |
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10 | |
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11 | <version>1.49</version> |
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12 | <date>October 23, 2004</date> |
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13 | |
| 10 | <section> |
14 | <section> |
| 11 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
15 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
| 12 | <subsection> |
16 | <subsection> |
| 13 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
17 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
| 14 | <body> |
18 | <body> |
| 15 | |
19 | |
| 16 | <p> |
20 | <p> |
| 17 | Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in |
21 | Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in |
| 18 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>. This file contains the mountpoints of those partitions |
22 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>. This file contains the mountpoints of those partitions |
| 19 | (where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted |
23 | (where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted |
| 20 | (special options) and when (automatically or not, can users mount those or not, |
24 | and with what special options (automatically or not, whether users can mount |
| 21 | etc.). |
25 | them or not, etc.) |
| 22 | </p> |
26 | </p> |
| 23 | |
27 | |
| 24 | </body> |
28 | </body> |
| 25 | </subsection> |
29 | </subsection> |
| 26 | <subsection> |
30 | <subsection> |
| … | |
… | |
| 46 | The third field shows the <b>filesystem</b> used by the partition |
50 | The third field shows the <b>filesystem</b> used by the partition |
| 47 | </li> |
51 | </li> |
| 48 | <li> |
52 | <li> |
| 49 | The fourth field shows the <b>mountoptions</b> used by <c>mount</c> when it |
53 | The fourth field shows the <b>mountoptions</b> used by <c>mount</c> when it |
| 50 | wants to mount the partition. As every filesystem has its own mountoptions, |
54 | wants to mount the partition. As every filesystem has its own mountoptions, |
| 51 | you are encouraged to read the mount manpage (<c>man mount</c>) for a full |
55 | you are encouraged to read the mount man page (<c>man mount</c>) for a full |
| 52 | listing. Multiple mountoptions are comma-separated. |
56 | listing. Multiple mountoptions are comma-separated. |
| 53 | </li> |
57 | </li> |
| 54 | <li> |
58 | <li> |
| 55 | The fifth field is used by <c>dump</c> to determine if the partition needs to |
59 | The fifth field is used by <c>dump</c> to determine if the partition needs to |
| 56 | be <b>dump</b>ed or not. You can generally leave this as <c>0</c> (zero). |
60 | be <b>dump</b>ed or not. You can generally leave this as <c>0</c> (zero). |
| 57 | </li> |
61 | </li> |
| 58 | <li> |
62 | <li> |
| 59 | The sixth field is used by <c>fsck</c> to determine the order in which |
63 | The sixth field is used by <c>fsck</c> to determine the order in which |
| 60 | filesystems should be <b>check</b>ed if the system wasn't shut down properly. |
64 | filesystems should be <b>check</b>ed if the system wasn't shut down properly. |
| 61 | The root filesystem should have <c>1</c> while the rest should have <c>2</c> |
65 | The root filesystem should have <c>1</c> while the rest should have <c>2</c> |
| 62 | (or <c>0</c> in case a filesystem check isn't necessary). |
66 | (or <c>0</c> if a filesystem check isn't necessary). |
| 63 | </li> |
67 | </li> |
| 64 | </ul> |
68 | </ul> |
| 65 | |
69 | |
| 66 | <p> |
70 | <p> |
|
|
71 | The default <path>/etc/fstab</path> file provided by Gentoo <e>is no valid fstab |
| 67 | So start <c>nano</c> (or your favorite editor) to create your |
72 | file</e>, so start <c>nano</c> (or your favorite editor) to create your |
| 68 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
73 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
| 69 | </p> |
74 | </p> |
| 70 | |
75 | |
| 71 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/fstab"> |
76 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/fstab"> |
| 72 | # <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i> |
77 | # <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i> |
| … | |
… | |
| 88 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 |
93 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 |
| 89 | </pre> |
94 | </pre> |
| 90 | |
95 | |
| 91 | <p> |
96 | <p> |
| 92 | Some users don't want their <path>/boot</path> partition to be mounted |
97 | Some users don't want their <path>/boot</path> partition to be mounted |
| 93 | automatically. Those people should substitute <c>defaults</c> with |
98 | automatically to improve their system's security. Those people should |
| 94 | <c>noauto</c>. This does mean that you need to manually mount this partition |
99 | substitute <c>defaults</c> with <c>noauto</c>. This does mean that you need to |
| 95 | every time you want to use it. |
100 | manually mount this partition every time you want to use it. |
| 96 | </p> |
101 | </p> |
| 97 | |
102 | |
| 98 | <p> |
103 | <p> |
| 99 | Now, to improve performance, most users would want to add the <c>noatime</c> |
104 | Now, to improve performance, most users would want to add the <c>noatime</c> |
| 100 | option as mountoption, which results in a faster system since access times |
105 | option as mountoption, which results in a faster system since access times |
| 101 | aren't registered (you don't need those generally anyway): |
106 | aren't registered (you don't need those generally anyway): |
| 102 | </p> |
107 | </p> |
| 103 | |
108 | |
| 104 | <pre caption="An improved /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
109 | <pre caption="An improved /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
| 105 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
110 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 106 | </pre> |
111 | </pre> |
| 107 | |
112 | |
| 108 | <p> |
113 | <p> |
| 109 | If we continue with this, we would end up with the following three lines (for |
114 | If we continue with this, we would end up with the following three lines (for |
| 110 | <path>/boot</path>, <path>/</path> and the swap partition): |
115 | <path>/boot</path>, <path>/</path> and the swap partition): |
| 111 | </p> |
116 | </p> |
| 112 | |
117 | |
| 113 | <pre caption="Three /etc/fstab lines"> |
118 | <pre caption="Three /etc/fstab lines"> |
| 114 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
119 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 115 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
120 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 116 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
121 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 117 | </pre> |
122 | </pre> |
| 118 | |
123 | |
| 119 | <p> |
124 | <p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 121 | (required) and for your CD-ROM drive (and of course, if you have other |
126 | (required) and for your CD-ROM drive (and of course, if you have other |
| 122 | partitions or drives, for those too): |
127 | partitions or drives, for those too): |
| 123 | </p> |
128 | </p> |
| 124 | |
129 | |
| 125 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example"> |
130 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example"> |
| 126 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
131 | /dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2 |
| 127 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
132 | /dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 128 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
133 | /dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 129 | |
134 | |
| 130 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
135 | none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
| 131 | none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 |
136 | none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 132 | |
137 | |
| 133 | /dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
138 | /dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 134 | </pre> |
139 | </pre> |
| 135 | |
140 | |
| 136 | <p> |
141 | <p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 225 | your Gentoo system permanently. |
230 | your Gentoo system permanently. |
| 226 | </p> |
231 | </p> |
| 227 | |
232 | |
| 228 | <p> |
233 | <p> |
| 229 | All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses |
234 | All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses |
| 230 | a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to setup |
235 | a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to set up |
| 231 | networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything :) |
236 | networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything :) |
| 232 | </p> |
237 | </p> |
| 233 | |
238 | |
| 234 | <p> |
239 | <p> |
| 235 | First open <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> with your favorite editor (<c>nano</c> |
240 | First open <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> with your favorite editor (<c>nano</c> |
| … | |
… | |
| 250 | </pre> |
255 | </pre> |
| 251 | |
256 | |
| 252 | <p> |
257 | <p> |
| 253 | If you use DHCP (automatic IP retrieval), you should just set <c>iface_eth0</c> |
258 | If you use DHCP (automatic IP retrieval), you should just set <c>iface_eth0</c> |
| 254 | to <c>dhcp</c>. If you use rp-pppoe (e.g. for ADSL), set it to <c>up</c>. |
259 | to <c>dhcp</c>. If you use rp-pppoe (e.g. for ADSL), set it to <c>up</c>. |
| 255 | If you need to setup your network manually and you're |
260 | If you need to set up your network manually and you're |
| 256 | not familiar with all the above terms, please read the section on <uri |
261 | not familiar with all the above terms, please read the section on <uri |
| 257 | link="?part=1&chap=3#doc_chap4_sect3">Understanding Network |
262 | link="?part=1&chap=3#network_term">Understanding Network |
| 258 | Terminology</uri> if you haven't done so already. |
263 | Terminology</uri> if you haven't done so already. |
| 259 | </p> |
264 | </p> |
| 260 | |
265 | |
| 261 | <p> |
266 | <p> |
| 262 | So let us give three examples; the first one uses DHCP, the second one a static |
267 | So let us give three examples; the first one uses DHCP, the second one a static |
| … | |
… | |
| 266 | </p> |
271 | </p> |
| 267 | |
272 | |
| 268 | <pre caption="Examples for /etc/conf.d/net"> |
273 | <pre caption="Examples for /etc/conf.d/net"> |
| 269 | <comment>(For DHCP)</comment> |
274 | <comment>(For DHCP)</comment> |
| 270 | iface_eth0="dhcp" |
275 | iface_eth0="dhcp" |
| 271 | <comment>Some network admins require that you use the</comment> |
276 | <comment># Some network admins require that you use the</comment> |
| 272 | <comment>hostname and domainname provided by the DHCP server.</comment> |
277 | <comment># hostname and domainname provided by the DHCP server.</comment> |
| 273 | <comment>In that case, add the following to let dhcpcd use them.</comment> |
278 | <comment># In that case, add the following to let dhcpcd use them.</comment> |
| 274 | <comment>That will override your own hostname and domainname definitions.</comment> |
279 | <comment># That will override your own hostname and domainname definitions.</comment> |
| 275 | dhcpcd_eth0="-HD" |
280 | dhcpcd_eth0="-HD" |
| 276 | <comment>If you intend on using NTP to keep your machine clock synchronized, use</comment> |
281 | <comment># If you intend on using NTP to keep your machine clock synchronized, use</comment> |
| 277 | <comment>the -N option to prevent dhcpcd from overwriting your /etc/ntp.conf file</comment> |
282 | <comment># the -N option to prevent dhcpcd from overwriting your /etc/ntp.conf file</comment> |
| 278 | dhcpcd_eth0="-N" |
283 | dhcpcd_eth0="-N" |
| 279 | |
284 | |
| 280 | <comment>(For static IP)</comment> |
285 | <comment>(For static IP)</comment> |
| 281 | iface_eth0="192.168.0.2 broadcast 192.168.0.255 netmask 255.255.255.0" |
286 | iface_eth0="192.168.0.2 broadcast 192.168.0.255 netmask 255.255.255.0" |
| 282 | gateway="eth0/192.168.0.1" |
287 | gateway="eth0/192.168.0.1" |
| … | |
… | |
| 300 | <subsection> |
305 | <subsection> |
| 301 | <title>Automatically Start Networking at Boot</title> |
306 | <title>Automatically Start Networking at Boot</title> |
| 302 | <body> |
307 | <body> |
| 303 | |
308 | |
| 304 | <p> |
309 | <p> |
| 305 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add those to the |
310 | To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the |
| 306 | default runlevel. If you have PCMCIA interfaces you should skip this action as |
311 | default runlevel. If you have PCMCIA interfaces you should skip this action as |
| 307 | the PCMCIA interfaces are started by the PCMCIA init script. |
312 | the PCMCIA interfaces are started by the PCMCIA init script. |
| 308 | </p> |
313 | </p> |
| 309 | |
314 | |
| 310 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
315 | <pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel"> |
| … | |
… | |
| 349 | 192.168.0.7 tux.homenetwork tux |
354 | 192.168.0.7 tux.homenetwork tux |
| 350 | </pre> |
355 | </pre> |
| 351 | |
356 | |
| 352 | <p> |
357 | <p> |
| 353 | If your system is the only system (or the nameservers handle all name |
358 | If your system is the only system (or the nameservers handle all name |
| 354 | resolution) a single line is sufficient: |
359 | resolution) a single line is sufficient. For instance, if you want to call your |
|
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360 | system <c>tux.homenetwork</c>: |
| 355 | </p> |
361 | </p> |
| 356 | |
362 | |
| 357 | <pre caption="/etc/hosts for lonely or fully integrated PCs"> |
363 | <pre caption="/etc/hosts for lonely or fully integrated PCs"> |
| 358 | 127.0.0.1 localhost |
364 | 127.0.0.1 tux.homenetwork tux localhost |
| 359 | </pre> |
365 | </pre> |
| 360 | |
366 | |
| 361 | <p> |
367 | <p> |
| 362 | Save and exit the editor to continue. |
368 | Save and exit the editor to continue. |
| 363 | </p> |
369 | </p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 377 | <note> |
383 | <note> |
| 378 | pcmcia-cs is only available for x86, amd64 and ppc platforms. |
384 | pcmcia-cs is only available for x86, amd64 and ppc platforms. |
| 379 | </note> |
385 | </note> |
| 380 | |
386 | |
| 381 | <p> |
387 | <p> |
| 382 | PCMCIA-users should first install the <c>pcmcia-cs</c> package. The |
388 | PCMCIA-users should first install the <c>pcmcia-cs</c> package. This also |
| 383 | <c>USE="-X"</c> is necessary to avoid installing XFree86 at this moment: |
389 | includes users who will be working with a 2.6 kernel (even though they won't be |
|
|
390 | using the PCMCIA drivers from this package). The <c>USE="-X"</c> is necessary |
|
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391 | to avoid installing xorg-x11 at this moment: |
| 384 | </p> |
392 | </p> |
| 385 | |
393 | |
| 386 | <pre caption="Installing pcmcia-cs"> |
394 | <pre caption="Installing pcmcia-cs"> |
| 387 | # <i>USE="-X" emerge pcmcia-cs</i> |
395 | # <i>USE="-X" emerge pcmcia-cs</i> |
| 388 | </pre> |
396 | </pre> |
| … | |
… | |
| 398 | |
406 | |
| 399 | </body> |
407 | </body> |
| 400 | </subsection> |
408 | </subsection> |
| 401 | </section> |
409 | </section> |
| 402 | <section> |
410 | <section> |
|
|
411 | <title>System Information</title> |
|
|
412 | <subsection> |
|
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413 | <title>Root Password</title> |
|
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414 | <body> |
|
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415 | |
|
|
416 | <p> |
|
|
417 | First we set the root password by typing: |
|
|
418 | </p> |
|
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419 | |
|
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420 | <pre caption="Setting the root password"> |
|
|
421 | # <i>passwd</i> |
|
|
422 | </pre> |
|
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423 | |
|
|
424 | <p> |
|
|
425 | If you want root to be able to log on through the serial console, add |
|
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426 | <c>tts/0</c> to <path>/etc/securetty</path>: |
|
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427 | </p> |
|
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428 | |
|
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429 | <pre caption="Adding tts/0 to /etc/securetty"> |
|
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430 | # <i>echo "tts/0" >> /etc/securetty</i> |
|
|
431 | </pre> |
|
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432 | |
|
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433 | </body> |
|
|
434 | </subsection> |
|
|
435 | <subsection> |
| 403 | <title>System Information</title> |
436 | <title>System Information</title> |
| 404 | <body> |
437 | <body> |
| 405 | |
438 | |
| 406 | <p> |
439 | <p> |
| 407 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> for general, system-wide configuration. |
440 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> for general, system-wide configuration. |
| … | |
… | |
| 430 | to set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>rc.conf</path>. |
463 | to set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>rc.conf</path>. |
| 431 | </p> |
464 | </p> |
| 432 | |
465 | |
| 433 | <p> |
466 | <p> |
| 434 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, save and exit, then |
467 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, save and exit, then |
| 435 | continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Configuring the Bootloader</uri>. |
468 | continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System |
|
|
469 | Tools</uri>. |
| 436 | </p> |
470 | </p> |
| 437 | |
471 | |
| 438 | </body> |
472 | </body> |
|
|
473 | </subsection> |
| 439 | </section> |
474 | </section> |
| 440 | </sections> |
475 | </sections> |
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