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2	<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">	2	<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">
3		3
4	<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->	4	<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
5	<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 -->	5	<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 -->
6		6
7	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.41 2004/08/04 08:46:30 swift Exp $ -->	7	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.62 2005/06/09 07:16:39 swift Exp $ -->
8		8
9	<sections>	9	<sections>
		10
		11	<version>2.4</version>
		12	<date>2005-06-09</date>
		13
10	<section>	14	<section>
11	<title>Filesystem Information</title>	15	<title>Filesystem Information</title>
12	<subsection>	16	<subsection>
13	<title>What is fstab?</title>	17	<title>What is fstab?</title>
14	<body>	18	<body>
15		19
16	<p>	20	<p>
17	Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in	21	Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in
18	<path>/etc/fstab</path>. This file contains the mountpoints of those partitions	22	<path>/etc/fstab</path>. This file contains the mountpoints of those partitions
19	(where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted	23	(where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted
20	(special options) and when (automatically or not, can users mount those or not,	24	and with what special options (automatically or not, whether users can mount
21	etc.).	25	them or not, etc.)
22	</p>	26	</p>
23		27
24	</body>	28	</body>
25	</subsection>	29	</subsection>
26	<subsection>	30	<subsection>
…		…
46	The third field shows the <b>filesystem</b> used by the partition	50	The third field shows the <b>filesystem</b> used by the partition
47	</li>	51	</li>
48	<li>	52	<li>
49	The fourth field shows the <b>mountoptions</b> used by <c>mount</c> when it	53	The fourth field shows the <b>mountoptions</b> used by <c>mount</c> when it
50	wants to mount the partition. As every filesystem has its own mountoptions,	54	wants to mount the partition. As every filesystem has its own mountoptions,
51	you are encouraged to read the mount manpage (<c>man mount</c>) for a full	55	you are encouraged to read the mount man page (<c>man mount</c>) for a full
52	listing. Multiple mountoptions are comma-separated.	56	listing. Multiple mountoptions are comma-separated.
53	</li>	57	</li>
54	<li>	58	<li>
55	The fifth field is used by <c>dump</c> to determine if the partition needs to	59	The fifth field is used by <c>dump</c> to determine if the partition needs to
56	be <b>dump</b>ed or not. You can generally leave this as <c>0</c> (zero).	60	be <b>dump</b>ed or not. You can generally leave this as <c>0</c> (zero).
57	</li>	61	</li>
58	<li>	62	<li>
59	The sixth field is used by <c>fsck</c> to determine the order in which	63	The sixth field is used by <c>fsck</c> to determine the order in which
60	filesystems should be <b>check</b>ed if the system wasn't shut down properly.	64	filesystems should be <b>check</b>ed if the system wasn't shut down properly.
61	The root filesystem should have <c>1</c> while the rest should have <c>2</c>	65	The root filesystem should have <c>1</c> while the rest should have <c>2</c>
62	(or <c>0</c> in case a filesystem check isn't necessary).	66	(or <c>0</c> if a filesystem check isn't necessary).
63	</li>	67	</li>
64	</ul>	68	</ul>
65		69
66	<p>	70	<p>
		71	The default <path>/etc/fstab</path> file provided by Gentoo <e>is no valid fstab
67	So start <c>nano</c> (or your favorite editor) to create your	72	file</e>, so start <c>nano</c> (or your favorite editor) to create your
68	<path>/etc/fstab</path>:	73	<path>/etc/fstab</path>:
69	</p>	74	</p>
70		75
71	<pre caption="Opening /etc/fstab">	76	<pre caption="Opening /etc/fstab">
72	# <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i>	77	# <i>nano -w /etc/fstab</i>
…		…
88	/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2	93	/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2
89	</pre>	94	</pre>
90		95
91	<p>	96	<p>
92	Some users don't want their <path>/boot</path> partition to be mounted	97	Some users don't want their <path>/boot</path> partition to be mounted
93	automatically. Those people should substitute <c>defaults</c> with	98	automatically to improve their system's security. Those people should
94	<c>noauto</c>. This does mean that you need to manually mount this partition	99	substitute <c>defaults</c> with <c>noauto</c>. This does mean that you need to
95	every time you want to use it.	100	manually mount this partition every time you want to use it.
96	</p>	101	</p>
97		102
98	<p>	103	<p>
99	Now, to improve performance, most users would want to add the <c>noatime</c>	104	Now, to improve performance, most users would want to add the <c>noatime</c>
100	option as mountoption, which results in a faster system since access times	105	option as mountoption, which results in a faster system since access times
101	aren't registered (you don't need those generally anyway):	106	aren't registered (you don't need those generally anyway):
102	</p>	107	</p>
103		108
104	<pre caption="An improved /boot line for /etc/fstab">	109	<pre caption="An improved /boot line for /etc/fstab">
105	/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2	110	/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2
106	</pre>	111	</pre>
107		112
108	<p>	113	<p>
109	If we continue with this, we would end up with the following three lines (for	114	If we continue with this, we would end up with the following three lines (for
110	<path>/boot</path>, <path>/</path> and the swap partition):	115	<path>/boot</path>, <path>/</path> and the swap partition):
111	</p>	116	</p>
112		117
113	<pre caption="Three /etc/fstab lines">	118	<pre caption="Three /etc/fstab lines">
114	/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2	119	/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2
115	/dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0	120	/dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0
116	/dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1	121	/dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1
117	</pre>	122	</pre>
118		123
119	<p>	124	<p>
…		…
121	(required) and for your CD-ROM drive (and of course, if you have other	126	(required) and for your CD-ROM drive (and of course, if you have other
122	partitions or drives, for those too):	127	partitions or drives, for those too):
123	</p>	128	</p>
124		129
125	<pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example">	130	<pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example">
126	/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 noauto,noatime 1 2	131	/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2
127	/dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0	132	/dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0
128	/dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1	133	/dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1
129		134
130	none /proc proc defaults 0 0	135	none /proc proc defaults 0 0
131	none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0	136	none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0
132		137
133	/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0	138	/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0
134	</pre>	139	</pre>
135		140
136	<p>	141	<p>
…		…
146	too:	151	too:
147	</p>	152	</p>
148		153
149	<pre caption="Adding openprom filesystem to /etc/fstab">	154	<pre caption="Adding openprom filesystem to /etc/fstab">
150	none /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0	155	none /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0
151	</pre>
152
153	<p>
154	If you need <c>usbfs</c>, add the following line to <path>/etc/fstab</path>:
155	</p>
156
157	<pre caption="Adding usbfs filesystem to /etc/fstab">
158	none /proc/bus/usb usbfs defaults 0 0
159	</pre>	156	</pre>
160		157
161	<p>	158	<p>
162	Double-check your <path>/etc/fstab</path>, save and quit to continue.	159	Double-check your <path>/etc/fstab</path>, save and quit to continue.
163	</p>	160	</p>
…		…
225	your Gentoo system permanently.	222	your Gentoo system permanently.
226	</p>	223	</p>
227		224
228	<p>	225	<p>
229	All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses	226	All networking information is gathered in <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path>. It uses
230	a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to setup	227	a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to set up
231	networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything :)	228	networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything :)
232	</p>	229	</p>
233		230
234	<p>	231	<p>
235	First open <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> with your favorite editor (<c>nano</c>	232	First open <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> with your favorite editor (<c>nano</c>
…		…
239	<pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/net for editing">	236	<pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/net for editing">
240	# <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/net</i>	237	# <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/net</i>
241	</pre>	238	</pre>
242		239
243	<p>	240	<p>
244	The first variable you'll find is <c>iface_eth0</c>. It uses the following	241	The first variable you'll find is called <c>config_eth0</c>. As you can probably
245	syntax:	242	imagine, this variable configured the eth0 network interface. If the interface
246	</p>	243	needs to automatically obtain an IP through DHCP, you should set it like so:
247
248	<pre caption="iface_eth0 syntaxis">
249	iface_eth0="<i><your ip address></i> broadcast <i><your broadcast address></i> netmask <i><your netmask></i>"
250	</pre>
251
252	<p>	244	</p>
253	If you use DHCP (automatic IP retrieval), you should just set <c>iface_eth0</c>	245
254	to <c>dhcp</c>. If you use rp-pppoe (e.g. for ADSL), set it to <c>up</c>.	246	<pre caption="Automatically obtaining an IP for eth0">
255	If you need to setup your network manually and you're	247	config_eth0=( "dhcp" )
256	not familiar with all the above terms, please read the section on <uri	248	</pre>
257	link="?part=1&chap=3#doc_chap4_sect3">Understanding Network	249
258	Terminology</uri> if you haven't done so already.
259	</p>	250	<p>
260		251	However, if you have to enter your own IP address, netmask and gateway, you need
		252	to set both <c>config_eth0</c> and <c>routes_eth0</c>:
261	<p>	253	</p>
262	So let us give three examples; the first one uses DHCP, the second one a static	254
263	IP (192.168.0.2) with netmask 255.255.255.0, broadcast 192.168.0.255 and	255	<pre caption="Manually setting IP information for eth0">
264	gateway 192.168.0.1 while the third one just activates the interface for	256	config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0" )
265	rp-pppoe usage:	257	routes_eth0=( "default gw 192.168.0.1" )
		258	</pre>
		259
266	</p>	260	<p>
267		261	If you have several network interfaces repeat the above steps for
268	<pre caption="Examples for /etc/conf.d/net">	262	<c>config_eth1</c>, <c>config_eth2</c>, etc.
269	<comment>(For DHCP)</comment>
270	iface_eth0="dhcp"
271	<comment># Some network admins require that you use the</comment>
272	<comment># hostname and domainname provided by the DHCP server.</comment>
273	<comment># In that case, add the following to let dhcpcd use them.</comment>
274	<comment># That will override your own hostname and domainname definitions.</comment>
275	dhcpcd_eth0="-HD"
276	<comment># If you intend on using NTP to keep your machine clock synchronized, use</comment>
277	<comment># the -N option to prevent dhcpcd from overwriting your /etc/ntp.conf file</comment>
278	dhcpcd_eth0="-N"
279
280	<comment>(For static IP)</comment>
281	iface_eth0="192.168.0.2 broadcast 192.168.0.255 netmask 255.255.255.0"
282	gateway="eth0/192.168.0.1"
283
284	<comment>(For rp-pppoe)</comment>
285	iface_eth0="up"
286	</pre>
287
288	<p>
289	If you have several network interfaces, create extra <c>iface_eth</c> variables,
290	like <c>iface_eth1</c>, <c>iface_eth2</c> etc. The <c>gateway</c> variable
291	shouldn't be reproduced as you can only set one gateway per computer.
292	</p>	263	</p>
293		264
294	<p>	265	<p>
295	Now save the configuration and exit to continue.	266	Now save the configuration and exit to continue.
296	</p>	267	</p>
…		…
300	<subsection>	271	<subsection>
301	<title>Automatically Start Networking at Boot</title>	272	<title>Automatically Start Networking at Boot</title>
302	<body>	273	<body>
303		274
304	<p>	275	<p>
305	To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add those to the	276	To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the
306	default runlevel. If you have PCMCIA interfaces you should skip this action as	277	default runlevel. If you have PCMCIA interfaces you should skip this action as
307	the PCMCIA interfaces are started by the PCMCIA init script.	278	the PCMCIA interfaces are started by the PCMCIA init script.
308	</p>	279	</p>
309		280
310	<pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel">	281	<pre caption="Adding net.eth0 to the default runlevel">
…		…
350	</pre>	321	</pre>
351		322
352	<p>	323	<p>
353	If your system is the only system (or the nameservers handle all name	324	If your system is the only system (or the nameservers handle all name
354	resolution) a single line is sufficient. For instance, if you want to call your	325	resolution) a single line is sufficient. For instance, if you want to call your
355	system <c>tux.homenetwork</c>:	326	system <c>tux</c>:
356	</p>	327	</p>
357		328
358	<pre caption="/etc/hosts for lonely or fully integrated PCs">	329	<pre caption="/etc/hosts for lonely or fully integrated PCs">
359	127.0.0.1 tux.homenetwork tux localhost	330	127.0.0.1 localhost tux
360	</pre>	331	</pre>
361		332
362	<p>	333	<p>
363	Save and exit the editor to continue.	334	Save and exit the editor to continue.
364	</p>	335	</p>
…		…
378	<note>	349	<note>
379	pcmcia-cs is only available for x86, amd64 and ppc platforms.	350	pcmcia-cs is only available for x86, amd64 and ppc platforms.
380	</note>	351	</note>
381		352
382	<p>	353	<p>
383	PCMCIA-users should first install the <c>pcmcia-cs</c> package. The	354	PCMCIA-users should first install the <c>pcmcia-cs</c> package. This also
		355	includes users who will be working with a 2.6 kernel (even though they won't be
		356	using the PCMCIA drivers from this package). The <c>USE="-X"</c> is necessary
384	<c>USE="-X"</c> is necessary to avoid installing xorg-x11 at this moment:	357	to avoid installing xorg-x11 at this moment:
385	</p>	358	</p>
386		359
387	<pre caption="Installing pcmcia-cs">	360	<pre caption="Installing pcmcia-cs">
388	# <i>USE="-X" emerge pcmcia-cs</i>	361	# <i>USE="-X" emerge pcmcia-cs</i>
389	</pre>	362	</pre>
…		…
455	ADB keymaps on boot have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have	428	ADB keymaps on boot have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have
456	to set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>rc.conf</path>.	429	to set a mac/ppc keymap in <path>rc.conf</path>.
457	</p>	430	</p>
458		431
459	<p>	432	<p>
		433	If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add <c>CLOCK="local"</c> to
		434	the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew.
		435	</p>
		436
		437	<p>
460	When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, save and exit, then	438	When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, save and exit.
		439	</p>
		440
		441	<p>
		442	If you are not installing Gentoo on an IBM POWER5 or JS20 system, continue with
		443	<uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System Tools</uri>.
		444	</p>
		445
		446	</body>
		447	</subsection>
		448	<subsection>
		449	<title>Configuring the Console</title>
		450	<body>
		451
		452	<note>
		453	The following section applies to the IBM POWER5 and JS20 hardware platforms.
		454	</note>
		455
		456	<p>
		457	If you are running Gentoo in an LPAR or on a JS20 blade, you must uncomment
		458	the hvc line in /etc/inittab for the virtual console to spawn a login prompt.
		459	</p>
		460
		461	<pre caption="Enabling hvc support in /etc/inittab">
		462	hvc:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -nl /bin/bashlogin 9600 hvc0 vt220
		463	</pre>
		464
		465	<p>
461	continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System	466	You may now continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary
462	Tools</uri>.	467	System Tools</uri>.
463	</p>	468	</p>
464		469
465	</body>	470	</body>
466	</subsection>	471	</subsection>
467	</section>	472	</section>

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