| 1 | <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
1 | <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
| 3 | |
3 | |
| 4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
| 5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
| 6 | |
6 | |
| 7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.109 2012/02/22 21:27:45 swift Exp $ --> |
7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml,v 1.117 2013/01/02 19:16:07 swift Exp $ --> |
| 8 | |
8 | |
| 9 | <sections> |
9 | <sections> |
| 10 | |
10 | |
| 11 | <abstract> |
11 | <abstract> |
| 12 | You need to edit some important configuration files. In this chapter |
12 | You need to edit some important configuration files. In this chapter |
| 13 | you receive an overview of these files and an explanation on how to |
13 | you receive an overview of these files and an explanation on how to |
| 14 | proceed. |
14 | proceed. |
| 15 | </abstract> |
15 | </abstract> |
| 16 | |
16 | |
| 17 | <version>16</version> |
17 | <version>23</version> |
| 18 | <date>2012-02-22</date> |
18 | <date>2013-01-03</date> |
| 19 | |
19 | |
| 20 | <section> |
20 | <section> |
| 21 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
21 | <title>Filesystem Information</title> |
| 22 | <subsection> |
22 | <subsection> |
| 23 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
23 | <title>What is fstab?</title> |
| 24 | <body> |
24 | <body> |
| 25 | |
25 | |
| 26 | <p> |
26 | <p> |
| 27 | Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in |
27 | Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in |
| 28 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>. This file contains the mount points of those partitions |
28 | <path>/etc/fstab</path>. This file contains the mount points of those partitions |
| 29 | (where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted |
29 | (where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted |
| 30 | and with what special options (automatically or not, whether users can mount |
30 | and with what special options (automatically or not, whether users can mount |
| 31 | them or not, etc.) |
31 | them or not, etc.) |
| 32 | </p> |
32 | </p> |
| 33 | |
33 | |
| … | |
… | |
| 86 | <body test="func:keyval('/boot')"> |
86 | <body test="func:keyval('/boot')"> |
| 87 | |
87 | |
| 88 | <p> |
88 | <p> |
| 89 | Let us take a look at how we write down the options for the <path>/boot</path> |
89 | Let us take a look at how we write down the options for the <path>/boot</path> |
| 90 | partition. This is just an example, if you didn't or couldn't create a |
90 | partition. This is just an example, if you didn't or couldn't create a |
| 91 | <path>/boot</path>, don't copy it. |
91 | <path>/boot</path>, don't copy it. |
| 92 | </p> |
92 | </p> |
| 93 | |
93 | |
| 94 | <p> |
94 | <p> |
| 95 | In our default <keyval id="arch"/> partitioning example, <path>/boot</path> is |
95 | In our default <keyval id="arch"/> partitioning example, <path>/boot</path> is |
| 96 | usually the <path><keyval id="/boot"/></path> partition, with <c>ext2</c> as |
96 | usually the <path><keyval id="/boot"/></path> partition, with <c>ext2</c> as |
| 97 | filesystem. It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: |
97 | filesystem. It needs to be checked during boot, so we would write down: |
| 98 | </p> |
98 | </p> |
| 99 | |
99 | |
| 100 | <pre caption="An example /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
100 | <pre caption="An example /boot line for /etc/fstab"> |
| 101 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 |
101 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults 0 2 |
| 102 | </pre> |
102 | </pre> |
| 103 | |
103 | |
| 104 | <p> |
104 | <p> |
| 105 | Some users don't want their <path>/boot</path> partition to be mounted |
105 | Some users don't want their <path>/boot</path> partition to be mounted |
| 106 | automatically to improve their system's security. Those people should |
106 | automatically to improve their system's security. Those people should |
| 107 | substitute <c>defaults</c> with <c>noauto</c>. This does mean that you need to |
107 | substitute <c>defaults</c> with <c>noauto</c>. This does mean that you need to |
| 108 | manually mount this partition every time you want to use it. |
108 | manually mount this partition every time you want to use it. |
| 109 | </p> |
109 | </p> |
| 110 | |
110 | |
| 111 | </body> |
111 | </body> |
| 112 | <body> |
112 | <body> |
| 113 | |
113 | |
| 114 | <p> |
114 | <p> |
| 115 | Add the rules that match your partitioning scheme and append rules for |
115 | Add the rules that match your partitioning scheme and append rules for |
| 116 | your CD-ROM drive(s), and of course, if you have other partitions or drives, |
116 | your CD-ROM drive(s), and of course, if you have other partitions or drives, |
| 117 | for those too. |
117 | for those too. |
| 118 | </p> |
118 | </p> |
| 119 | |
119 | |
| 120 | <p> |
120 | <p> |
| 121 | Now use the <e>example</e> below to create your <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
121 | Now use the <e>example</e> below to create your <path>/etc/fstab</path>: |
| 122 | </p> |
122 | </p> |
| 123 | |
123 | |
| 124 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='HPPA'"> |
124 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='HPPA'"> |
| 125 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
125 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 0 2 |
| 126 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
126 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 127 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
127 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 128 | |
128 | |
| 129 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
129 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 130 | |
|
|
| 131 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
|
|
| 132 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
|
|
| 133 | </pre> |
130 | </pre> |
| 134 | |
131 | |
| 135 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='Alpha' or func:keyval('arch')='MIPS' or func:keyval('arch')='x86' or func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> |
132 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='Alpha' or func:keyval('arch')='MIPS' or func:keyval('arch')='x86' or func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> |
| 136 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
133 | <keyval id="/boot"/> /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 0 2 |
| 137 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
134 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 138 | /dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
135 | /dev/sda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 139 | |
136 | |
| 140 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
137 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 141 | |
|
|
| 142 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
|
|
| 143 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
|
|
| 144 | </pre> |
138 | </pre> |
| 145 | |
139 | |
| 146 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
140 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='SPARC'"> |
| 147 | /dev/sda1 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
141 | /dev/sda1 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 148 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
142 | /dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 149 | /dev/sda4 /usr ext3 noatime 0 2 |
143 | /dev/sda4 /usr ext3 noatime 0 2 |
| 150 | /dev/sda5 /var ext3 noatime 0 2 |
144 | /dev/sda5 /var ext3 noatime 0 2 |
| 151 | /dev/sda6 /home ext3 noatime 0 2 |
145 | /dev/sda6 /home ext3 noatime 0 2 |
| 152 | |
146 | |
| 153 | <comment># You must add the rules for openprom</comment> |
147 | <comment># You must add the rules for openprom</comment> |
| 154 | openprom /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
148 | openprom /proc/openprom openpromfs defaults 0 0 |
| 155 | |
149 | |
| 156 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
150 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 157 | |
|
|
| 158 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
|
|
| 159 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
|
|
| 160 | </pre> |
151 | </pre> |
| 161 | |
152 | |
| 162 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC' or |
153 | <pre caption="A full /etc/fstab example" test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC' or |
| 163 | func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
154 | func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
| 164 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
155 | /dev/sda4 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 165 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
156 | /dev/sda3 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 166 | |
157 | |
| 167 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
158 | /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 168 | |
|
|
| 169 | proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
|
|
| 170 | shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
|
|
| 171 | </pre> |
159 | </pre> |
| 172 | |
160 | |
| 173 | <p> |
161 | <p> |
| 174 | <c>auto</c> makes <c>mount</c> guess for the filesystem (recommended for |
162 | <c>auto</c> makes <c>mount</c> guess for the filesystem (recommended for |
| 175 | removable media as they can be created with one of many filesystems) and |
163 | removable media as they can be created with one of many filesystems) and |
| 176 | <c>user</c> makes it possible for non-root users to mount the CD. |
164 | <c>user</c> makes it possible for non-root users to mount the CD. |
| 177 | </p> |
165 | </p> |
| 178 | |
166 | |
| 179 | <p> |
167 | <p> |
| 180 | To improve performance, most users would want to add the <c>noatime</c> |
168 | To improve performance, most users would want to add the <c>noatime</c> |
| 181 | mount option, which results in a faster system since access times |
169 | mount option, which results in a faster system since access times |
| 182 | aren't registered (you don't need those generally anyway). |
170 | aren't registered (you don't need those generally anyway). |
| 183 | </p> |
171 | </p> |
| 184 | |
172 | |
| 185 | <p> |
173 | <p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 426 | <p> |
414 | <p> |
| 427 | First we set the root password by typing: |
415 | First we set the root password by typing: |
| 428 | </p> |
416 | </p> |
| 429 | |
417 | |
| 430 | <pre caption="Setting the root password"> |
418 | <pre caption="Setting the root password"> |
| 431 | # <i>passwd</i> |
419 | # <i>passwd</i> |
| 432 | </pre> |
420 | </pre> |
| 433 | |
421 | |
| 434 | </body> |
422 | </body> |
| 435 | </subsection> |
423 | </subsection> |
| 436 | <subsection> |
424 | <subsection> |
| 437 | <title>System Information</title> |
425 | <title>System Information</title> |
| 438 | <body> |
426 | <body> |
| 439 | |
427 | |
| 440 | <p> |
428 | <p> |
| 441 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> for general, system-wide configuration. |
429 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> to configure the services, startup, |
| 442 | Open up <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and enjoy all the comments in that file :) |
430 | and shutdown of your system. Open up <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and enjoy all |
|
|
431 | the comments in the file. |
| 443 | </p> |
432 | </p> |
| 444 | |
433 | |
| 445 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/rc.conf"> |
434 | <pre caption="Configuring services"> |
| 446 | # <i>nano -w /etc/rc.conf</i> |
435 | # <i>nano -w /etc/rc.conf</i> |
| 447 | </pre> |
436 | </pre> |
| 448 | |
437 | |
| 449 | <p> |
438 | <p> |
| 450 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, save and exit. |
439 | When you're finished configuring these two files, save them and exit. |
| 451 | </p> |
|
|
| 452 | |
|
|
| 453 | <p> |
|
|
| 454 | As you can see, this file is well commented to help you set up the necessary |
|
|
| 455 | configuration variables. You can configure your system to use unicode and |
|
|
| 456 | define your default editor and your display manager (like gdm or kdm). |
|
|
| 457 | </p> |
440 | </p> |
| 458 | |
441 | |
| 459 | <p> |
442 | <p> |
| 460 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path> to handle keyboard configuration. |
443 | Gentoo uses <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path> to handle keyboard configuration. |
| 461 | Edit it to configure your keyboard. |
444 | Edit it to configure your keyboard. |
| 462 | </p> |
445 | </p> |
| 463 | |
446 | |
| 464 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/keymaps"> |
447 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/keymaps"> |
| 465 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps</i> |
448 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps</i> |
| 466 | </pre> |
449 | </pre> |
| 467 | |
450 | |
| 468 | <p> |
451 | <p> |
| 469 | Take special care with the <c>keymap</c> variable. If you select the wrong |
452 | Take special care with the <c>keymap</c> variable. If you select the wrong |
| 470 | <c>keymap</c>, you will get weird results when typing on your keyboard. |
453 | <c>keymap</c>, you will get weird results when typing on your keyboard. |
| 471 | </p> |
454 | </p> |
| … | |
… | |
| 486 | |
469 | |
| 487 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/hwclock"> |
470 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/conf.d/hwclock"> |
| 488 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock</i> |
471 | # <i>nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock</i> |
| 489 | </pre> |
472 | </pre> |
| 490 | |
473 | |
| 491 | <p> |
474 | <p> |
| 492 | If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add <c>clock="local"</c> |
475 | If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add <c>clock="local"</c> |
| 493 | to the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew. |
476 | to the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew. |
| 494 | </p> |
477 | </p> |
| 495 | |
478 | |
| 496 | <p> |
479 | <p> |
| 497 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/hwclock</path>, save and |
480 | When you're finished configuring <path>/etc/conf.d/hwclock</path>, save and |
| 498 | exit. |
481 | exit. |
| 499 | </p> |
482 | </p> |
| 500 | |
483 | |
|
|
484 | </body> |
|
|
485 | </subsection> |
|
|
486 | |
|
|
487 | <subsection> |
|
|
488 | <title>Configure locales</title> |
|
|
489 | <body> |
|
|
490 | |
|
|
491 | <p> |
|
|
492 | You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. You have to |
|
|
493 | specify locales you will need in <path>/etc/locale.gen</path>. |
| 501 | <p> |
494 | </p> |
| 502 | You should define the timezone that you previously copied to |
495 | |
| 503 | <path>/etc/localtime</path> in the <path>/etc/timezone</path> file so that |
496 | <pre caption="Opening /etc/locale.gen"> |
| 504 | further upgrades of the <c>sys-libs/timezone-data</c> package can update |
497 | # <i>nano -w /etc/locale.gen</i> |
| 505 | <path>/etc/localtime</path> automatically. For instance, if you used the |
498 | </pre> |
| 506 | Europe/Brussels timezone, you would write <c>Europe/Brussels</c> in the |
499 | |
| 507 | <path>/etc/timezone</path> file. |
500 | <p> |
|
|
501 | The following locales are an example to get both English (United States) and |
|
|
502 | German (Germany) with the accompanying character formats (like UTF-8). |
|
|
503 | </p> |
|
|
504 | |
|
|
505 | <pre caption="Specify your locales"> |
|
|
506 | en_US ISO-8859-1 |
|
|
507 | en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 |
|
|
508 | de_DE ISO-8859-1 |
|
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509 | de_DE@euro ISO-8859-15 |
|
|
510 | </pre> |
|
|
511 | |
|
|
512 | <note> |
|
|
513 | You can select your desired locales in the list given by running <c>locale -a</c>. |
|
|
514 | </note> |
|
|
515 | |
|
|
516 | <warn> |
|
|
517 | We strongly suggest that you should use at least one UTF-8 locale because some |
|
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518 | applications may require it. |
|
|
519 | </warn> |
|
|
520 | |
|
|
521 | <p> |
|
|
522 | The next step is to run <c>locale-gen</c>. It will generates all the locales you |
|
|
523 | have specified in the <path>/etc/locale.gen</path> file. |
|
|
524 | </p> |
|
|
525 | |
|
|
526 | <pre caption="Running locale-gen"> |
|
|
527 | # <i>locale-gen</i> |
|
|
528 | </pre> |
|
|
529 | |
|
|
530 | <p> |
|
|
531 | Once done, you now have the possibility to set the system-wide locale settings |
|
|
532 | in the <path>/etc/env.d/02locale</path> file: |
|
|
533 | </p> |
|
|
534 | |
|
|
535 | <pre caption="Setting the default system locale in /etc/env.d/02locale"> |
|
|
536 | LANG="de_DE.UTF-8" |
|
|
537 | LC_COLLATE="C" |
|
|
538 | </pre> |
|
|
539 | |
|
|
540 | <p> |
|
|
541 | And reload your environment: |
|
|
542 | </p> |
|
|
543 | |
|
|
544 | <pre caption="Reload shell environment"> |
|
|
545 | # env-update && source /etc/profile |
|
|
546 | </pre> |
|
|
547 | |
|
|
548 | <p> |
|
|
549 | We made a full <uri link="../guide-localization.xml#doc_chap3">Localization |
|
|
550 | Guide</uri> to help you through this process. You can also read our detailed |
|
|
551 | <uri link="../utf-8.xml#doc_chap2">UTF-8 Guide</uri> for very specific |
|
|
552 | informations to enable UTF-8 on your system. |
| 508 | </p> |
553 | </p> |
| 509 | |
554 | |
| 510 | <p test="not(func:keyval('arch')='PPC64')"> |
555 | <p test="not(func:keyval('arch')='PPC64')"> |
| 511 | Please continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System |
556 | Please continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=9">Installing Necessary System |
| 512 | Tools</uri>. |
557 | Tools</uri>. |
| 513 | </p> |
558 | </p> |
| 514 | |
559 | |
| 515 | </body> |
560 | </body> |
| 516 | </subsection> |
561 | </subsection> |
| 517 | <subsection test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
562 | <subsection test="func:keyval('arch')='PPC64'"> |
| 518 | <title>Configuring the Console</title> |
563 | <title>Configuring the Console</title> |
| 519 | <body> |
564 | <body> |
| 520 | |
565 | |
| 521 | <p> |
566 | <p> |
| 522 | If you are using a virtual console, you must uncomment the appropriate line in |
567 | If you are using a virtual console, you must uncomment the appropriate line in |
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