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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 -->
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-finalise.xml,v 1.36 2004/11/20 22:23:30 neysx Exp $ -->
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<sections>
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<version>1.33</version>
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<date>2004-11-02</date>
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<section>
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<title>User Administration</title>
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<subsection>
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<title>Adding a User for Daily Use</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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Working as root on a Unix/Linux system is <e>dangerous</e> and should be avoided
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as much as possible. Therefore it is <e>strongly</e> recommended to add a user
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for day-to-day use.
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</p>
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<p>
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The groups the user is member of define what activities the user can perform.
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The following table lists a number of important groups you might wish to use:
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</p>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<th>Group</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>audio</ti>
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<ti>be able to access the audio devices</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>cdrom</ti>
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<ti>be able to access cdrom devices</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>floppy</ti>
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<ti>be able to access floppy devices</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>games</ti>
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<ti>be able to play games</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>usb</ti>
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<ti>be able to access USB devices</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>video</ti>
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<ti>
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be able to access video capturing hardware and doing hardware
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acceleration
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</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>wheel</ti>
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<ti>be able to use <c>su</c></ti>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>
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For instance, to create a user called <c>john</c> who is member of the
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<c>wheel</c>, <c>users</c> and <c>audio</c> groups, log in as root first
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(only root can create users) and run <c>useradd</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Adding a user for day-to-day use">
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Login: <i>root</i>
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Password: <comment>(Your root password)</comment>
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# <i>useradd -m -G users,wheel,audio,tty -s /bin/bash john</i>
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# <i>passwd john</i>
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Password: <comment>(Enter the password for john)</comment>
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Re-enter password: <comment>(Re-enter the password to verify)</comment>
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</pre>
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<p>
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If a user ever needs to perform some task as root, they can use <c>su -</c>
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to temporarily receive root privileges. Another way is to use the <c>sudo</c>
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package which is, if correctly configured, very secure.
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Optional: Install GRP Packages</title>
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<body>
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<impo>
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This part is for GRP users only. Other users should skip this part and continue
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with <uri link="?part=1&chap=12">Where to go from here?</uri>.
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</impo>
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<p>
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Now that your system is booted, log on as the user you created (for instance,
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<c>john</c>) and use <c>su -</c> to gain root privileges:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Gaining root privileges">
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$ <i>su -</i>
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Password: <comment>(Enter your root password)</comment>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now we need to change the Portage configuration to look for the prebuilt
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binaries from the second CD (Gentoo Packages CD). First mount this CD:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Mount the Packages CD">
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<comment>(Put the Gentoo Packages CD in the CD tray)</comment>
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# <i>mount /mnt/cdrom</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now configure Portage to use <path>/mnt/cdrom</path> for its prebuilt packages:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Configuring Portage to use /mnt/cdrom">
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# <i>ls /mnt/cdrom</i>
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<comment>(If there is a /mnt/cdrom/packages directory:)</comment>
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# <i>export PKGDIR="/mnt/cdrom/packages"</i>
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<comment>(Otherwise:)</comment>
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# <i>export PKGDIR="/mnt/cdrom"</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now install the packages you want. The Packages CD contains several prebuilt
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binaries, for instance KDE:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Installing KDE">
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# <i>emerge --usepkg kde</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Be sure to install the binaries now. When you do an <c>emerge --sync</c> to
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update Portage (as you will learn later), the prebuilt binaries might not match
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against the ebuilds in your updated Portage. You can try to circumvent this by
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using <c>emerge --usepkgonly</c> instead of <c>emerge --usepkg</c>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Congratulations, your system is now fully equipped! Continue with <uri
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link="?part=1&chap=12">Where to go from here?</uri> to learn more about
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Gentoo.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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</sections>
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