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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ppc-bootloader.xml,v 1.49 2011/04/14 09:32:12 jkt Exp $ --> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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|
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<sections> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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Several bootloaders exist. Each one of them has its own way of |
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configuration. In this chapter we'll describe all possibilities for you |
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and step you through the process of configuring a bootloader to your |
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needs. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<version>12</version> |
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<date>2011-05-09</date> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Making your Choice</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now that your kernel is configured and compiled and the necessary system |
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configuration files are filled in correctly, it is time to install a |
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program that will fire up your kernel when you start the system. Such a |
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program is called a <e>bootloader</e>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The bootloader that you use will depend upon the type of PPC machine you have. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you are using a NewWorld Apple or IBM machine, you need to use |
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<uri link="#yaboot">yaboot</uri>. OldWorld Apple machines have two options, |
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<uri link="#bootx">BootX</uri> (recommended) and <uri link="#quik">quik</uri>. |
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The Pegasos does not require a bootloader, but you will need to emerge |
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<uri link="#bootcreator">bootcreator</uri> to create SmartFirmware boot menus. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<section id="yaboot"> |
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<title>Default: Using yaboot</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<impo> |
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yaboot can only be used on NewWorld Apple and IBM systems! |
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</impo> |
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|
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<p> |
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In order to find the boot devices, yaboot needs access to the device nodes |
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created by udev on startup and the sysfs filesystem. These two filesystems |
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are found at <path>/dev</path> and <path>sys</path> respectively. To do this, |
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you will need to "bind mount" these filesystems from the Installation CD's root |
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to the <path>/dev</path> and <path>/sys</path> mount points inside the chroot. |
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If you have already bind mounted these filesystems, there is no need to do it |
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again. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Bind-mounting the device and sysfs filesystems"> |
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# <i>exit </i> # this will exit the chroot |
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# <i>mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev</i> |
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# <i>mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys</i> |
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# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash</i> |
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# <i>/usr/sbin/env-update && source /etc/profile </i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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To set up yaboot, you can use <c>yabootconfig</c> to automatically create a |
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configuration file for you. If you are installing Gentoo on a G5 (where |
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<c>yabootconfig</c> does not always work), or you plan to boot from FireWire |
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or USB, you will need to manually configure yaboot. |
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</p> |
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|
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<note> |
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You will need to manually edit the <path>yaboot.conf</path> when using |
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<c>genkernel</c>, even if <c>yabootconfig</c> is used. The kernel image section |
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of <path>yaboot.conf</path> should be modified as follows (using |
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<path>vmlinux</path> and <path>initrd</path> as the name of kernel and |
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<path>initrd</path> image): |
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</note> |
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|
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<pre caption="Adding genkernel boot arguments to yaboot.conf"> |
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<comment>########################################################### |
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## This section can be duplicated if you have more than one |
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## kernel or set of boot options - replace the image and initrd |
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## with the exact filename of your kernel and initrd image. |
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###########################################################</comment> |
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image=/boot/<keyval id="genkernel-name"/> |
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label=Linux |
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root=/dev/ram0 |
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partition=3 |
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initrd=/boot/<keyval id="genkernel-initrd"/> |
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<comment># You can add additional kernel arguments to append such as |
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# rootdelay=10 for a USB/Firewire Boot</comment> |
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append="real_root=/dev/sda3" |
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read-only |
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<comment>##########################################################</comment> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<ul> |
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<li><uri link="#yabootconfig">Default: Using yabootconfig</uri></li> |
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<li> |
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<uri link="#manual_yaboot">Alternative: Manual yaboot Configuration</uri> |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection id="yabootconfig"> |
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<title>Default: Using yabootconfig</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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<c>yabootconfig</c> will auto-detect the partitions on your machine and will |
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set up dual and triple boot combinations with Linux, Mac OS, and Mac OS X. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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To use <c>yabootconfig</c>, your drive must have an Apple_Bootstrap partition, |
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and <path>/etc/fstab</path> must be configured to reflect your Linux |
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partitions (note that the Bootstrap partition should <e>not</e> be in your |
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fstab). These steps should have already been completed before, but check |
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<path>/etc/fstab</path> before proceeding. Now, install <c>yaboot</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Installing yaboot"> |
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# <i>emerge yaboot</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now exit the chroot and run <c>yabootconfig --chroot /mnt/gentoo</c>. First, the |
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program will confirm the location of the bootstrap partition. If you are using |
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the suggested disk partitioning scheme, your bootstrap partition should be |
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<path>/dev/sda2</path>. Type <c>Y</c> if the output is correct. If not, double |
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check your <path>/etc/fstab</path>. <c>yabootconfig</c> will then scan your |
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system setup, create <path>/etc/yaboot.conf</path> and run <c>mkofboot</c> for |
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you. <c>mkofboot</c> is used to format the Apple_Bootstrap partition, and |
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install the yaboot configuration file into it. After this enter the chroot |
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again. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Re-enter the chroot"> |
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# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash</i> |
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# <i>/usr/sbin/env-update && source /etc/profile</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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You should verify the contents of <path>/etc/yaboot.conf</path>. If you make |
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changes to <path>/etc/yaboot.conf</path> (like setting the default/boot OS), |
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make sure to rerun <c>ybin -v</c> to apply changes to the Apple_Bootstrap |
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partition. Whenever you make a change to yaboot.conf, like when testing a new |
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kernel, always remember to run <c>ybin -v</c> to update the bootstrap |
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partition. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now continue with <uri link="#reboot">Rebooting the System</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection id="manual_yaboot"> |
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<title>Alternative: Manual yaboot Configuration</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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First, install <c>yaboot</c> on your system: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing yaboot"> |
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# <i>emerge yaboot</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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An example <path>yaboot.conf</path> file is given below, but you will need to |
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alter it to fit your needs. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "/etc/yaboot.conf"> |
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<comment>## /etc/yaboot.conf |
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## |
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## run: "man yaboot.conf" for details. Do not make changes until you have!! |
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## see also: /usr/share/doc/yaboot/examples for example configurations. |
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## |
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## For a dual-boot menu, add one or more of: |
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## bsd=/dev/sdaX, macos=/dev/sdaY, macosx=/dev/sdaZ |
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|
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## The bootstrap partition:</comment> |
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|
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boot=/dev/sda2 |
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|
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<comment>## ofboot is the Open Firmware way to specify the bootstrap partition. |
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## If this isn't defined, yaboot fails on the G5 and some G4s (unless |
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## you pass the necessary arguments to the mkofboot/ybin program). |
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## hd:X means /dev/sdaX. |
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## |
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## G5 users should uncomment this line!! |
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|
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#ofboot=hd:2 |
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|
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## Users booting from firewire should use something like this line: |
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# ofboot=fw/node/sbp-2/disk@0: |
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|
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## Users booting from USB should use something like this line: |
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# ofboot=usb/disk@0: |
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|
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## hd: is shorthand for the first hard drive Open Firmware sees</comment> |
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device=hd: |
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|
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<comment>## Firewire and USB users will need to specify the whole OF device name |
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## This can be found using ofpath, which is included with yaboot. |
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|
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# device=fw/node@0001d200e00d0207/sbp-2@c000/disk@0: |
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</comment> |
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|
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delay=5 |
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defaultos=macosx |
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timeout=30 |
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install=/usr/lib/yaboot/yaboot |
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magicboot=/usr/lib/yaboot/ofboot |
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|
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<comment>############################################################ |
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## This section can be duplicated if you have more than one |
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## kernel or set of boot options - replace the image variable |
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## with the exact filename of your kernel. |
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###########################################################</comment> |
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image=/boot/<keyval id="kernel-name"/> |
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label=Linux |
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root=/dev/sda3 |
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partition=3 |
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<comment># append="rootdelay=10" # Required for booting USB/Firewire</comment> |
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read-only |
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<comment>################## |
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|
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## G5 users and some G4 users should set |
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## macos=hd:13/ |
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## macosx=hd:12 |
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## instead of the example values.</comment> |
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macos=/dev/sda13 |
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macosx=/dev/sda12 |
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enablecdboot |
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enableofboot |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Once <path>yaboot.conf</path> is configured, run <c>mkofboot -v</c> to format |
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the Apple_bootstrap partition and install the settings. If you change |
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yaboot.conf after the Apple_bootstrap partition has been created, you can |
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update the settings by running <c>ybin -v</c> |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Setting up the bootstrap partition"> |
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# <i>mkofboot -v</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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For more information on yaboot, take a look at the <uri |
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link="http://penguinppc.org/bootloaders/yaboot">yaboot project</uri>. For |
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now, continue the installation with <uri link="#reboot">Rebooting the |
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System</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<section id="bootx"> |
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<title>Alternative: BootX</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<impo> |
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BootX can only be used on OldWorld Apple systems with MacOS 9 or earlier! |
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</impo> |
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|
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<p> |
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Since BootX boots Linux from within MacOS, the kernel will need to be copied |
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from the Linux Partition to the MacOS partition. First, mount the MacOS |
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partition from outside of the chroot. Use <c>mac-fdisk -l</c> to find the |
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MacOS partition number, sda6 is used as an example here. Once the partition is |
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mounted, we'll copy the kernel to the system folder so BootX can find it. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Copying the kernel to the MacOS partition"> |
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# <i>exit</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>mkdir /mnt/mac</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>mount /dev/sda6 /mnt/mac -t hfs</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>cp /mnt/gentoo/usr/src/linux/vmlinux "/mnt/mac/System Folder/Linux Kernels/<keyval id="kernel-name"/>"</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If genkernel is used, both the kernel and initrd will need to be copied to the |
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MacOS partition. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Copying the Genkernel kernel and initrd to the MacOS partition"> |
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# <i>exit</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>mkdir /mnt/mac</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>mount /dev/sda6 /mnt/mac -t hfs</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>cp /mnt/gentoo/boot/<keyval id="genkernel-name"/> "/mnt/mac/System Folder/Linux Kernels"</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>cp /mnt/gentoo/boot/<keyval id="genkernel-initrd"/> "/mnt/mac/System Folder"</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now that the kernel is copied over, we'll need to reboot to set up BootX. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Unmounting all partitions and rebooting"> |
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cdimage ~# <i>cd /</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/pts,/shm,}</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>umount -l /mnt/gentoo{/proc,/sys,}</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>umount -l /mnt/mac</i> |
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cdimage ~# <i>reboot</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Of course, don't forget to remove the bootable CD, otherwise the CD will be |
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booted again instead of MacOS. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Once the machine has booted into MacOS, open the BootX control panel. If you're |
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not using genkernel, select <c>Options</c> and uncheck <c>Use specified RAM |
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disk</c>. If you are using genkernel, ensure that the genkernel initrd is |
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selected instead of the Installation CD initrd. If not using genkernel, |
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there is now an option to specify the machine's Linux root disk and partition. |
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Fill these in with the appropriate values. Depending upon the kernel |
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configuration, additional boot arguments may need to be applied. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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BootX can be configured to start Linux upon boot. If you do this, you will first |
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see your machine boot into MacOS then, during startup, BootX will load and start |
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Linux. See the <uri link="http://penguinppc.org/bootloaders/bootx/">BootX home |
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page</uri> for more information. |
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</p> |
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|
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<impo> |
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Make sure that you have support for HFS and HFS+ filesystems in your kernel, |
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otherwise you will not be able to upgrade or change the kernel on your MacOS |
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partition. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now reboot again and boot into Linux, then continue with <uri |
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link="?part=1&chap=11">Finalizing your Gentoo Installation</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="quik"> |
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<title>Alternative: quik</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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<c>quik</c> allows OldWorld Macs to boot without MacOS. However, it isn't well |
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supported and has a number of quirks. If you have the option, it is recommended |
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that you use BootX instead since it is much more reliable and easier to set up |
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than quik. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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First, we'll need to install <c>quik</c>: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Emerge quik"> |
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# <i>emerge quik</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Next, we'll need to set it up. Edit <path>/etc/quik.conf</path> and set your |
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image to the kernel that we copied to your boot partition. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Configuring quik.conf"> |
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# Example of quik.conf |
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init-message = "Gentoo Linux\n" |
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<comment># This is the boot partition</comment> |
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partition = 2 |
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root = /dev/sda4 |
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timeout = 30 |
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default = gentoo |
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<comment># This is your kernel</comment> |
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image = /<keyval id="kernel-name"/> |
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label = gentoo |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Your <path>quik.conf</path> file <e>must</e> be on the same disk as the quik |
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boot images, however it can be on a different partition on the same disk, |
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although it is recommended to move it to your boot partition. |
| 399 |
</p> |
| 400 |
|
| 401 |
<pre caption="Moving quik.conf to /boot"> |
| 402 |
# <i>mv /etc/quik.conf /boot/quik.conf</i> |
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</pre> |
| 404 |
|
| 405 |
<p> |
| 406 |
We will now set your boot variables so that quik loads on boot. To do this, |
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we'll use a program called <c>nvsetenv</c>. The variables that you want to |
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set vary from machine to machine, it's best to find your machine's |
| 409 |
<uri link="http://penguinppc.org/bootloaders/quik/quirks.php">quirks</uri> |
| 410 |
before attempting this. |
| 411 |
</p> |
| 412 |
|
| 413 |
<pre caption="Setting the boot variables"> |
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# <i>nvsetenv auto-boot true</i> <comment># Set to false if you want to boot into OF, not all models can display the OF output</comment> |
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# <i>nvsetenv output-device video</i> <comment># Check the quirks page, there are many variations here</comment> |
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# <i>nvsetenv input-device kbd</i> |
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# <i>nvsetenv boot-device scsi/sd@1:0</i> <comment># For SCSI</comment> |
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# <i>nvsetenv boot-device ata/ata-disk@0:0</i> <comment># For ATA</comment> |
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# <i>nvsetenv boot-file /boot/<keyval id="kernel-name"/> root=/dev/sda4</i> <comment>First item is the path to the kernel, the second is the root partition. You may append any kernel options to the end of this line.</comment> |
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# <i>nvsetenv boot-command boot</i> <comment># Set this to bye for MacOS and boot for Linux</comment> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<note> |
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It is also possible to change your boot variables from MacOS. Depending upon |
| 425 |
the model, either <uri |
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link="http://penguinppc.org/bootloaders/quik/BootVars.sit.hqx">bootvars</uri> or |
| 427 |
<uri |
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link="ftp://ftp.apple.com/developer/macosxserver/utilities/SystemDisk2.3.1.smi.bin"> |
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Apple System Disk</uri> should be used. Please see the quik quirks page above |
| 430 |
for more information. |
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</note> |
| 432 |
|
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<p> |
| 434 |
Now that we've set up our machine to boot, we'll need to make sure the boot |
| 435 |
images are installed correctly. Run <c>quik -v -C /boot/quik.conf</c>. It |
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should tell you that it has installed the first stage QUIK boot block. |
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</p> |
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|
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<note> |
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If something has gone wrong, you can always reset your PRAM back to the default |
| 441 |
values by holding down <c>command + option + p + r</c> before powering on your |
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machine. This will clear the values you set with nvsetenv and should allow you |
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to boot either a MacOS bootdisk or a Linux bootdisk. |
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</note> |
| 445 |
|
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<p> |
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Now, continue the installation with |
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<uri link="#reboot">Rebooting the System</uri>. |
| 449 |
</p> |
| 450 |
|
| 451 |
</body> |
| 452 |
</section> |
| 453 |
<section id="bootcreator"> |
| 454 |
<title>Alternative: BootCreator</title> |
| 455 |
<body> |
| 456 |
|
| 457 |
<impo> |
| 458 |
BootCreator will build a nice SmartFirmware bootmenu written in Forth for the |
| 459 |
Pegasos. |
| 460 |
</impo> |
| 461 |
|
| 462 |
<p> |
| 463 |
First make sure you have <c>bootcreator</c> installed on your system: |
| 464 |
</p> |
| 465 |
|
| 466 |
<pre caption = "Installing bootcreator"> |
| 467 |
# <i>emerge bootcreator</i> |
| 468 |
</pre> |
| 469 |
|
| 470 |
<p> |
| 471 |
Now copy the file <path>/etc/bootmenu.example</path> into |
| 472 |
<path>/etc/bootmenu</path> and edit it to suit your needs: |
| 473 |
</p> |
| 474 |
|
| 475 |
<pre caption = "Edit the bootcreator config file"> |
| 476 |
# <i>cp /etc/bootmenu.example /etc/bootmenu</i> |
| 477 |
# <i>nano -w /etc/bootmenu</i> |
| 478 |
</pre> |
| 479 |
|
| 480 |
<p> |
| 481 |
Below is a complete <path>/etc/bootmenu</path> config file. vmlinux and |
| 482 |
initrd should be replaced by your kernel and initrd image names. |
| 483 |
</p> |
| 484 |
|
| 485 |
<pre caption = "bootcreator config file"> |
| 486 |
<comment># |
| 487 |
# Example description file for bootcreator 1.1 |
| 488 |
#</comment> |
| 489 |
|
| 490 |
[VERSION] |
| 491 |
1 |
| 492 |
|
| 493 |
[TITLE] |
| 494 |
Boot Menu |
| 495 |
|
| 496 |
[SETTINGS] |
| 497 |
AbortOnKey = false |
| 498 |
Timeout = 9 |
| 499 |
Default = 1 |
| 500 |
|
| 501 |
[SECTION] |
| 502 |
Local HD -> Morphos (Normal) |
| 503 |
ide:0 boot2.img ramdebug edebugflags="logkprintf" |
| 504 |
|
| 505 |
[SECTION] |
| 506 |
Local HD -> Linux (Normal) |
| 507 |
ide:0 <keyval id="kernel-name"/> video=radeonfb:1024x768@70 root=/dev/sda3 |
| 508 |
|
| 509 |
[SECTION] |
| 510 |
Local HD -> Genkernel (Normal) |
| 511 |
ide:0 <keyval id="genkernel-name"/> root=/dev/ram0 |
| 512 |
real_root=/dev/sda3 initrd=<keyval id="genkernel-initrd"/> |
| 513 |
</pre> |
| 514 |
|
| 515 |
<p> |
| 516 |
Finally the <path>bootmenu</path> must be transferred into Forth and copied to |
| 517 |
your boot partition, so that the SmartFirmware can read it. Therefore you have |
| 518 |
to call <c>bootcreator</c>: |
| 519 |
</p> |
| 520 |
|
| 521 |
<pre caption = "Install the bootmenu"> |
| 522 |
# <i>bootcreator /etc/bootmenu /boot/menu</i> |
| 523 |
</pre> |
| 524 |
|
| 525 |
<note> |
| 526 |
Be sure to have a look into the SmartFirmware's settings when you reboot, that |
| 527 |
<path>menu</path> is the file that will be loaded by default. |
| 528 |
</note> |
| 529 |
|
| 530 |
<p> |
| 531 |
For now, continue the installation with <uri link="#reboot">Rebooting the |
| 532 |
System</uri>. |
| 533 |
</p> |
| 534 |
|
| 535 |
</body> |
| 536 |
</section> |
| 537 |
<section id="reboot"> |
| 538 |
<title>Rebooting the System</title> |
| 539 |
<subsection> |
| 540 |
<body> |
| 541 |
|
| 542 |
<p> |
| 543 |
Exit the chrooted environment and unmount all mounted partitions. Then type in |
| 544 |
that one magical command you have been waiting for: <c>reboot</c>. |
| 545 |
</p> |
| 546 |
|
| 547 |
<pre caption="Exiting the chroot, unmounting all partitions and rebooting"> |
| 548 |
# <i>exit</i> |
| 549 |
livecd ~# <i>umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/pts,/shm,}</i> |
| 550 |
livecd ~# <i>umount -l /mnt/gentoo{/proc,/sys,}</i> |
| 551 |
livecd ~# <i>reboot</i> |
| 552 |
</pre> |
| 553 |
|
| 554 |
<p> |
| 555 |
Once rebooted in your Gentoo installation, finish up with <uri |
| 556 |
link="?part=1&chap=11">Finalizing your Gentoo Installation</uri>. |
| 557 |
</p> |
| 558 |
|
| 559 |
</body> |
| 560 |
</subsection> |
| 561 |
</section> |
| 562 |
</sections> |
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