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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 -->
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ppc-kernel.xml,v 1.30 2005/07/04 15:57:32 swift Exp $ -->
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<sections>
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<version>2.9</version>
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<date>2005-07-04</date>
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<section>
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<title>Timezone</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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You first need to select your timezone so that your system knows where it is
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located. Look for your timezone in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>, then make a
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symlink to <path>/etc/localtime</path> using <c>ln</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Setting the timezone information">
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# <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i>
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<comment>(Suppose you want to use GMT)</comment>
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# <i>ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/GMT /etc/localtime</i>
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</pre>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Installing the Sources</title>
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<subsection>
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<title>Choosing a Kernel</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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The core around which all distributions are built is the Linux kernel. It is the
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layer between the user programs and your system hardware. Gentoo provides its
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users several possible kernel sources. A full listing with description is
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available at the <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-kernel.xml">Gentoo Kernel
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Guide</uri>.
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</p>
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<p>
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For PPC you can choose between <c>vanilla-sources</c> and
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<c>gentoo-sources</c> (both 2.6 kernels). The latter is available when you
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perform a networkless installation. Beside those there is a special
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kernel-2.6-patchset for the Pegasos: <c>pegasos-sources</c>. So let's
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continue with <c>emerge</c>'ing the kernel sources:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Installing a kernel source">
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# <i>emerge gentoo-sources</i>
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</pre>
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<note>
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The PowerPC sources are based on a 2.6.10-kernel with security patches from
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2.6.11 backported. As the time of the release the 2.6.11 kernel produced
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several problems on different PowerPC machines.
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</note>
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<p>
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When you take a look in <path>/usr/src</path> you should see a symlink called
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<path>linux</path> pointing to your kernel source. We will assume the kernel
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source installed is <c>gentoo-sources-2.6.10-r8</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Viewing the kernel source symlink">
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# <i>ls -l /usr/src/linux</i>
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Mar 18 16:23 /usr/src/linux -> linux-2.6.10-gentoo-r8
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</pre>
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<p>
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If the symlink doesn't point to the kernel source of your choice (note that
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<c>linux-2.6.10-gentoo-r8</c> is merely an example) you should change it to the
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right kernel:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Changing the kernel source symlink">
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# <i>rm /usr/src/linux</i>
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# <i>cd /usr/src</i>
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# <i>ln -s linux-2.6.10-gentoo-r8 linux</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now it is time to configure and compile your kernel source. You
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can use <c>genkernel</c> for this, which will build a generic kernel as used
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by the Installation CD. We explain the "manual" configuration first though, as
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it is the best way to optimize your environment.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you want to manually configure your kernel, continue now with <uri
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link="#manual">Default: Manual Configuration</uri>. If you want to use
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<c>genkernel</c> you should read <uri link="#genkernel">Alternative: Using
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genkernel</uri> instead.
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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</section>
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<section id="manual">
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<title>Default: Manual Configuration</title>
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<subsection>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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Manually configuring a kernel is often seen as the most difficult procedure a
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Linux user ever has to perform. Nothing is less true -- after configuring a
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couple of kernels you don't even remember that it was difficult ;)
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</p>
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<p>
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However, one thing <e>is</e> true: you must know your system when you start
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configuring a kernel manually. Most information can be gathered by emerging
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pciutils (<c>emerge pciutils</c>) which contains <c>lspci</c>. You will now
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be able to use <c>lspci</c> within the chrooted environment. You may safely
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ignore any <e>pcilib</e> warnings (like pcilib: cannot open
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/sys/bus/pci/devices) that <c>lspci</c> throws out. Alternatively, you can run
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<c>lspci</c> from a <e>non-chrooted</e> environment. The results are the same.
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You can also run <c>lsmod</c> to see what kernel modules the Installation CD
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uses (it might provide you with a nice hint on what to enable).
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</p>
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<p>
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Now go to your kernel source directory and execute <c>make menuconfig</c>. This
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will fire up an ncurses-based configuration menu.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Invoking menuconfig">
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# <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i>
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# <i>make menuconfig</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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You will be greeted with several configuration sections. We'll first list some
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options you must activate (otherwise Gentoo will not function, or not function
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properly without additional tweaks).
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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<subsection>
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<title>Activating Required Options</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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First of all, activate the use of development and experimental code/drivers.
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You need this, otherwise some very important code/drivers won't show up:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Selecting experimental code/drivers, General setup">
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Code maturity level options --->
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[*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
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General setup --->
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[*] Support for hot-pluggable devices
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now go to <c>File Systems</c> and select support for the filesystems you use.
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<e>Don't</e> compile them as modules, otherwise your Gentoo system will not be
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able to mount your partitions. Also select <c>/proc file system</c> and
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<c>Virtual memory</c>. Do <e>not</e> select the <c>/dev file system</c>.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Selecting necessary file systems">
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File systems --->
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Pseudo Filesystems --->
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[*] /proc file system support
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[ ] /dev file system support (OBSOLETE)
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[*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
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<comment>(Select one or more of the following options as needed by your system)</comment>
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<*> Reiserfs support
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<*> Ext3 journalling file system support
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<*> Second extended fs support
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<*> XFS filesystem support
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</pre>
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<p>
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If you are using PPPoE to connect to the Internet or you are using a dial-up
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modem, you will need the following options in the kernel:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Selecting PPPoE necessary drivers">
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Device Drivers --->
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Networking support --->
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<*> PPP (point-to-point protocol) support
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<*> PPP support for async serial ports
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<*> PPP support for sync tty ports
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</pre>
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<p>
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The two compression options won't harm but are not definitely needed, neither
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does the <c>PPP over Ethernet</c> option, that might only be used by
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<c>rp-pppoe</c> when configured to do kernel mode PPPoE.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you require it, don't forget to include support in the kernel for your
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ethernet card.
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</p>
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<p>
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Users of OldWorld machines will want HFS support so they can copy compiled
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kernels to the MacOS partition. This applies also to NewWorld machines as it is
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needed for the special Apple_Bootstrap partition:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Activating HFS support">
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File Systems --->
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[*] HFS Support
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</pre>
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<p>
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At this time, kernel preemption is still unstable on PPC and may cause
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compilation failures and random segfaults. It is <e>strongly</e> suggested
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that you do not use this feature.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Ensure the Preemptible Kernel Option is Off">
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Platform options --->
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[ ] Preemptible Kernel
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</pre>
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<p>
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When you're done configuring your kernel, continue with <uri
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link="#compiling">Compiling and Installing</uri>.
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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<subsection id="compiling">
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<title>Compiling and Installing</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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Now that your kernel is configured, it is time to compile and install it. Exit
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the configuration and run the commands which will compile the kernel:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Compiling the kernel">
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# <i>make all && make modules_install</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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When the kernel has finished compiling, copy the kernel image to
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<path>/boot</path> (be sure that it is mounted properly on the Pegasos).
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</p>
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<pre caption="Installing the kernel">
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<comment>replace 2.6.10 with your kernel-version</comment>
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(Apple/IBM) # <i>cp vmlinux /boot/kernel-2.6.10</i>
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(Pegasos) # <i>cp arch/ppc/boot/images/zImage.chrp /boot/kernel-2.6.10</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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It is also wise to copy over your kernel configuration file to
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<path>/boot</path>, just in case :)
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</p>
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<pre caption="Backing up your kernel configuration">
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# <i>cp .config /boot/config-2.6.10-gentoo-r8</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now continue with <uri link="#kernel_modules">Installing Separate Kernel
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Modules</uri>.
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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</section>
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<section id="kernel_modules">
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<title>Installing Separate Kernel Modules</title>
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<subsection>
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<title>Configuring the Modules</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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You should list the modules you want automatically loaded in
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<path>/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</path>.
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You can add extra options to the modules too if you want.
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</p>
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<p>
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To view all available modules, run the following <c>find</c> command. Don't
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forget to substitute "<kernel version>" with the version of the kernel you
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just compiled:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Viewing all available modules">
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# <i>find /lib/modules/<kernel version>/ -type f -iname '*.o' -or -iname '*.ko'</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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For instance, to automatically load the <c>3c59x.o</c> module, edit the
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<path>kernel-2.6</path> file and enter the module
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name in it.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Editing /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6">
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# <i>nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</i>
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</pre>
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<pre caption="/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6">
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3c59x
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</pre>
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<p>
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Continue the installation with <uri link="?part=1&chap=8">Configuring
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your System</uri>.
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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</section>
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<section id="genkernel">
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<title>Alternative: Using genkernel</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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If you are reading this section, you have chosen to use our <c>genkernel</c>
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script to configure your kernel for you.
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</p>
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<p>
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Now that your kernel source tree is installed, it's now time to compile your
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kernel by using our <c>genkernel</c> script to automatically build a kernel for
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you. <c>genkernel</c> works by configuring a kernel nearly identically to the
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way our Installation CD kernel is configured. This means that when you use
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<c>genkernel</c> to build your kernel, your system will generally detect all
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your hardware at boot-time, just like our Installation CD does. Because genkernel
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doesn't require any manual kernel configuration, it is an ideal solution for
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those users who may not be comfortable compiling their own kernels.
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</p>
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<p>
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Now, let's see how to use genkernel. First, emerge the genkernel ebuild:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Emerging genkernel">
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# <i>emerge genkernel</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Next, copy over the kernel configuration used by the Installation CD to the
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location where genkernel looks for the default kernel configuration:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Copying over the Installation CD kernel config">
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# <i>zcat /proc/config.gz > /usr/share/genkernel/ppc/kernel-config-2.6</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now, compile your kernel sources by running <c>genkernel --udev all</c>.
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Be aware though, as <c>genkernel</c> compiles a kernel that supports almost all
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hardware, this compilation will take quite a while to finish!
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</p>
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<p>
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| 365 |
Note that, if your partition where the kernel should be located doesn't use ext2
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or ext3 as filesystem you might need to manually configure your kernel using
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<c>genkernel --menuconfig all</c> and add support for your filesystem <e>in</e>
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the kernel (i.e. <e>not</e> as a module). Users of EVMS2 or LVM2 will probably
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want to add <c>--evms2</c> or <c>--lvm2</c> as argument as well.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Running genkernel">
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# <i>genkernel --udev all</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Once <c>genkernel</c> completes, a kernel, full set of modules and
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<e>initial root disk</e> (initrd) will be created. We will use the kernel
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and initrd when configuring a boot loader later in this document. Write
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| 380 |
down the names of the kernel and initrd as you will need it when writing
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| 381 |
the bootloader configuration file. The initrd will be started immediately after
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booting to perform hardware autodetection (just like on the Installation CD)
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| 383 |
before your "real" system starts up. Be sure to also copy down the required
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| 384 |
boot arguments, these are required for a sucessful boot with genkernel.
|
| 385 |
</p>
|
| 386 |
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| 387 |
<pre caption="Checking the created kernel image name and initrd">
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| 388 |
# <i>ls /boot/kernel* /boot/initrd*</i>
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| 389 |
</pre>
|
| 390 |
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| 391 |
<p>
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| 392 |
Now, let's perform one more step to get our system to be more like the
|
| 393 |
Installation CD -- let's emerge <c>coldplug</c>. While the initrd autodetects
|
| 394 |
hardware that is needed to boot your system, <c>coldplug</c> autodetects
|
| 395 |
everything else. To emerge and enable <c>coldplug</c>, type the following:
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</p>
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| 398 |
<pre caption="Emerging and enabling coldplug">
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| 399 |
# <i>emerge coldplug</i>
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# <i>rc-update add coldplug boot</i>
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</pre>
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| 403 |
<p>
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| 404 |
Now continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=8">Configuring your System</uri>.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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</sections>
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