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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-medium.xml,v 1.21 2011/10/09 09:49:24 swift Exp $ --> |
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|
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<sections> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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You can install Gentoo in many ways. This chapter explains how to install |
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Gentoo using the minimal Installation CD. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<version>10</version> |
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<date>2011-11-27</date> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Hardware Requirements</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Before we start, we first list what hardware requirements you need to |
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successfully install Gentoo on your box. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Hardware Requirements</title> |
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<body test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'"> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<ti/> |
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<th>Minimal CD</th> |
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<th>LiveCD</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>CPU</th> |
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<ti>i486 or later</ti> |
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<ti><b>i686</b> or later</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Memory</th> |
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<ti>64 MB</ti> |
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<ti>256 MB</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Diskspace</th> |
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<ti colspan="2">1.5 GB (excluding swap space)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Swap space</th> |
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<ti colspan="2">At least 256 MB</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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</body> |
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<body test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<ti/> |
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<th>Minimal CD</th> |
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<th>LiveCD</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>CPU</th> |
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<ti colspan="2"> |
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Any AMD64 CPU or <uri |
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link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMT64#Intel_64">EM64T CPU</uri> (Core 2 |
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Duo & Quad processors are EM64T) |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Memory</th> |
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<ti>64 MB</ti> |
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<ti>256 MB</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Diskspace</th> |
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<ti colspan="2">1.5 GB (excluding swap space)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Swap space</th> |
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<ti colspan="2">At least 256 MB</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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<p> |
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You should check the <uri link="/proj/en/base/amd64/">Gentoo |
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AMD64 Project Page</uri> before proceeding. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<!-- This part can be propagated to the other architectures as well. --> |
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<!-- START --> |
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<section> |
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<title>The Gentoo Installation CDs</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The <e>Gentoo Installation CDs</e> are bootable CDs which contain a |
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self-sustained Gentoo environment. They allow you to boot Linux from the CD. |
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During the boot process your hardware is detected and the appropriate drivers |
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are loaded. They are maintained by Gentoo developers. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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All Installation CDs allow you to boot, set up networking, initialize your |
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partitions and start installing Gentoo from the Internet. |
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</p> |
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|
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<!-- |
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<impo> |
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If you wish to install Gentoo without a working Internet connection, or would |
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like to use one of the provided installers, please use the installation |
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instructions described in the <uri link="2008.0/">Gentoo 2008.0 |
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Handbooks</uri>. |
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</impo> |
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--> |
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<!-- |
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<p> |
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The Installation CDs that we currently provide are: |
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</p> |
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|
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<ul> |
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<li> |
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The Gentoo <e>Minimal</e> Installation CD, a small, no-nonsense, bootable |
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CD which sole purpose is to boot the system, prepare the networking and |
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continue with the Gentoo installation. |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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The Gentoo <e>Installer LiveCD</e> contains everything you need to install |
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Gentoo. It provides a graphical environment, a graphical as well as console |
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based installer which automatically carries out the installation for you, |
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and of course, the installation instructions for your architecture. |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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<p> |
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To help you decide which Installation CD you need, we have written down the |
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major advantages and disadvantages of each Installation CD. |
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</p> |
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--> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Gentoo Minimal Installation CD</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The Minimal Installation CD is called <c><keyval id="min-cd-name"/></c> and |
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takes up only <keyval id="min-cd-size"/> MB of diskspace. You can use this |
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Installation CD to install Gentoo, but <e>only</e> with a working Internet |
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connection. |
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</p> |
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<!-- |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Minimal Installation CD</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Smallest download</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti> |
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Contains no stage3 tarball, no Portage snapshot, no prebuilt packages and |
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is therefore not suitable for networkless installation |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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--> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<!-- |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Gentoo Installer LiveCD</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The Installer LiveCD is called <c><keyval id="live-cd-name"/></c> and takes up |
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<keyval id="live-cd-size"/> MB. You can use this Installation CD to install |
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Gentoo, and you can even use it to install Gentoo without a working internet |
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connection. |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Installer LiveCD</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti> |
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Contains everything you need. You can even install without a network |
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connection. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>Huge download</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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--> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>The Stage3 Tarball</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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A stage3 tarball is an archive containing a minimal Gentoo environment, |
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suitable to continue the Gentoo installation using the instructions in this |
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manual. Previously, the Gentoo Handbook described the installation using one of |
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three stage tarballs. While Gentoo still offers stage1 and stage2 tarballs, the |
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official installation method uses the stage3 tarball. If you are interested in |
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performing a Gentoo installation using a stage1 or stage2 tarball, please read |
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the Gentoo FAQ on <uri link="/doc/en/faq.xml#stage12">How do I Install Gentoo |
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Using a Stage1 or Stage2 Tarball?</uri> |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Stage3 tarballs can be downloaded from <path><keyval |
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id="release-dir"/>current-stage3/</path> on any of the <uri |
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link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">Official Gentoo Mirrors</uri> and are not provided |
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on the LiveCD. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<!-- STOP --> |
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<section> |
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<title>Download, Burn and Boot a Gentoo Installation CD</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Downloading and Burning the Installation CDs</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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You have chosen to use a Gentoo Installation CD. We'll first start by |
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downloading and burning the chosen Installation CD. We previously discussed |
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the several available Installation CDs, but where can you find them? |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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You can download any of the Installation CDs from one of our <uri |
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link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">mirrors</uri>. The Installation CDs are located in |
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the <path><keyval id="release-dir"/>current-iso/</path> directory. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Inside that directory you'll find ISO files. Those are full CD images which you |
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can write on a CD-R. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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In case you wonder if your downloaded file is corrupted or not, you can check |
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its MD5 checksum and compare it with the MD5 checksum we provide (such as |
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<path><keyval id="min-cd-name"/>.DIGESTS</path>). You can check the MD5 |
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checksum with the <c>md5sum</c> tool under Linux/Unix or <uri |
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link="http://www.etree.org/md5com.html">md5sum</uri> for Windows. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Another way to check the validity of the downloaded file is to use GnuPG to |
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verify the cryptographic signature that we provide (the file ending with |
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<path>.asc</path>). Download the signature file and obtain the public keys: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Obtaining the public key"> |
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$ <i>gpg --keyserver subkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys 96D8BF6D 2D182910 17072058</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now verify the signature: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Verify the files"> |
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<comment>(Verify the cryptographic signature)</comment> |
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$ <i>gpg --verify <downloaded iso.DIGESTS.asc></i> |
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<comment>(Verify the checksum)</comment> |
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$ <i>sha1sum -c <downloaded iso.DIGESTS.asc></i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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To burn the downloaded ISO(s), you have to select raw-burning. How you |
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do this is highly program-dependent. We will discuss <c>cdrecord</c> and |
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<c>K3B</c> here; more information can be found in our <uri |
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link="/doc/en/faq.xml#isoburning">Gentoo FAQ</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<ul> |
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<li> |
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With cdrecord, you simply type <c>cdrecord dev=/dev/hdc <downloaded iso |
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file></c> (replace <path>/dev/hdc</path> with your CD-RW drive's |
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device path). |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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With K3B, select <c>Tools</c> > <c>Burn CD Image</c>. Then you can locate |
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your ISO file within the 'Image to Burn' area. Finally click <c>Start</c>. |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Booting the Installation CD</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Once you have burnt your installation CD, it is time to boot it. |
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Remove all CDs from your CD drives, reboot your system and enter the BIOS. |
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This is usually done by hitting DEL, F1 or ESC, depending on your BIOS. Inside |
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the BIOS, change the boot order so that the CD-ROM is tried before the hard |
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disk. This is often found under "CMOS Setup". If you don't do this, your system |
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will just reboot from the hard disk, ignoring the CD-ROM. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now place the installation CD in the CD-ROM drive and reboot. You should see a |
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boot prompt. At this screen, you can hit Enter to begin the boot process with |
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the default boot options, or boot the Installation CD with custom boot options |
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by specifying a kernel followed by boot options and then hitting Enter. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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When the boot prompt is shown, you get the option of displaying the available |
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kernels (<c>F1</c>) and boot options (<c>F2</c>). If you make no selection |
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within 20 seconds (either displaying information or using a kernel) then the |
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LiveCD will fall back to booting from disk. This allows installations to reboot |
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and try out their installed environment without the need to remove the CD from |
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the tray (something well appreciated for remote installations). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now we mentioned specifying a kernel. On our Installation CDs, we provide |
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several kernels. The default one is <c>gentoo</c>. Other kernels are for |
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specific hardware needs and the <c>-nofb</c> variants which disable |
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framebuffer. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Below you'll find a short overview on the available kernels: |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Kernel</th> |
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<th>Description</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'"> |
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<ti>gentoo</ti> |
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<ti>Default 2.6 kernel with support for multiple CPUs</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> |
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<ti>gentoo</ti> |
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<ti> |
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Default kernel with support for K8 CPUS (including NUMA support) and EM64T |
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CPUs |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>gentoo-nofb</ti> |
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<ti>Same as <c>gentoo</c> but without framebuffer support</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>memtest86</ti> |
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<ti>Test your local RAM for errors</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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<p> |
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You can also provide kernel options. They represent optional settings you can |
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(de)activate at will. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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|
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<body> |
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<include href="hb-install-kernelparams.xml"/> |
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</body> |
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|
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<body> |
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|
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<note> |
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The CD will check for "no*" options before "do*" options, so that you can |
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override any option in the exact order you specify. |
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</note> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now boot your CD, select a kernel (if you are not happy with the default |
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<c>gentoo</c> kernel) and boot options. As an example, we show you how |
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to boot the <c>gentoo</c> kernel, with <c>dopcmcia</c> as kernel |
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parameters: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Booting an Installation CD"> |
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boot: <i>gentoo dopcmcia</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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You will then be greeted with a boot screen and progress bar. If you are |
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installing Gentoo on a system with a non-US keyboard, make sure you immediately |
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press Alt-F1 to switch to verbose mode and follow the prompt. If no selection |
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is made in 10 seconds the default (US keyboard) will be accepted and the boot |
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process will continue. Once the boot process completes, you will be |
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automatically logged in to the "Live" Gentoo Linux as "root", the super user. |
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You should have a root ("#") prompt on the current console and can also switch |
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to other consoles by pressing Alt-F2, Alt-F3 and Alt-F4. Get back to the one |
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you started on by pressing Alt-F1. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now continue with <uri link="#hardware">Extra Hardware Configuration</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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|
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<subsection> |
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<include href="hb-install-bootconfig.xml"/> |
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</subsection> |
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|
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</section> |
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</sections> |
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