We now support modular networking scripts, which means we can easily add support for new interface types and configuration modules while keeping compatibility with existing ones.
Modules load by default if the package they need is installed. If you specify a module here that doesn't have its package installed then you get an error stating which package you need to install. Ideally, you only use the modules setting when you have two or more packages installed that supply the same service and you need to prefer one over the other.
# Prefer iproute2 over ifconfig modules=( "iproute2" )# You can also specify other modules for an interface # In this case we prefer udhcpc over dhcpcd modules_eth0=( "udhcpc" )# You can also specify which modules not to use - for example you may be # using a supplicant or linux-wlan-ng to control wireless configuration but # you still want to configure network settings per ESSID associated with. modules=( "!iwconfig" )
We provide two interface handlers presently: ifconfig and iproute2. You need one of these to do any kind of network configuration.
ifconfig is the current Gentoo default and it's included in the system profile. iproute2 is a more powerful and flexible package, but it's not included by default.
# emerge sys-apps/iproute2# To prefer iproute2 over ifconfig if both are installed modules=( "iproute2" )
As both ifconfig and iproute2 do very similar things we allow their basic configuration to work with each other. For example both the below code snippets work regardless of which module you are using.
config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2/24" ) config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0" )# We can also specify broadcast config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2/24 brd 192.168.0.255" ) config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255" )
DHCP is a means of obtaining network information (IP address, DNS servers, Gateway, etc) from a DHCP server. This means that if there is a DHCP server running on the network, you just have to tell each client to use DHCP and it sets up the network all by itself. Of course, you will have to configure for other things like wireless, ppp or other things if required before you can use DHCP.
DHCP can be provided by dhclient, dhcpcd, pump or udhcpc. Each DHCP module has its pros and cons - here's a quick run down.
| DHCP Module | Package | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
If you have more than one DHCP client installed, you need to specify which one to use - otherwise we default to dhcpcd if available.
To send specific options to the dhcp module, use module_eth0="..."
We try and make DHCP relatively agnostic - as such we support the following commands using the dhcp_eth0 variable. The default is not to set any of them
# Only needed if you have more than one DHCP module installed modules=( "dhcpcd" ) config_eth0=( "dhcp" ) dhcpcd_eth0="-t 10"# Timeout after 10 seconds dhcp_eth0="release nodns nontp nonis"# Only get an address
First we need to install the ADSL software.
# emerge net-dialup/rp-pppoe
Now we need to instruct configure eth0 to be an ADSL interface and enter our username.
config_eth0=( "adsl" ) user_eth0="username"
Finally you need to define your username and password in
# The * is important "username" * "password"
APIPA tries to find a free address in the range 169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255 by arping a random address in that range on the interface. If no reply is found then we assign that address to the interface.
This is only useful for LANs where there is no DHCP server and you don't connect directly to the internet and all other computers use APIPA.
For APIPA support, emerge net-misc/iputils or net-analyzer/arping
# Try DHCP first - if that fails then fallback to APIPA config_eth0=( "dhcp" ) fallback_eth0=( "apipa" )# Just use APIPA config_eth0=( "apipa" )
For link bonding/trunking emerge net-misc/ifenslave
Bonding is used to increase network bandwidth. If you have two network cards going to the same network, you can bond them together so your applications see just one interface but they really use both network cards.
To bond interfaces together slaves_bond0="eth0 eth1 eth2"# You may not want to assign an IP to the bonded interface config_bond0=( "null" )# Depend on eth0, eth1 and eth2 as they may require extra configuration depend_bond0() { need net.eth0 net.eth1 net.eth2 }
For bridging support emerge net-misc/bridge-utils
Bridging is used to join networks together. For example, you may have a server that connects to the internet via an ADSL modem and a wireless access card to enable other computers to connect to the internet via the ADSL modem. You could create a bridge to join the two interfaces together.
# Configure the bridge - "man btctl" for more details brctl_br0=( "setfd 0" "sethello 0" "stp off" )# To add ports to bridge br0 bridge_br0="eth0 eth1"# You need to configure the ports to null values so dhcp does not get started config_eth0=( "null" ) config_eth1=( "null" )# Finally give the bridge an address - you could use DHCP as well config_br0=( "192.168.0.1/24" )# Depend on eth0 and eth1 as they may require extra configuration depend_br0() { need net.eth0 net.eth1 }
You don't need to emerge anything for changing the MAC address of your interface if you change to a specific address. However, if you need to change to a random address or a random address of a given type then you need to emerge net-analyzer/macchanger.
# To set the MAC address of the interface mac_eth0="00:11:22:33:44:55"# To randomize the last 3 bytes only mac_eth0="random-ending"# To randomize between the same physical type of connection (eg fibre, # copper, wireless) , all vendors mac_eth0="random-samekind"# To randomize between any physical type of connection (eg fibre, copper, # wireless) , all vendors mac_eth0="random-anykind"# Full randomization - WARNING: some MAC addresses generated by this may # NOT act as expected mac_eth0="random-full"
You don't need to emerge anything for tunnelling as the interface handler can do it for you.
# For GRE tunnels iptunnel_vpn0="mode gre remote 207.170.82.1 key 0xffffffff ttl 255"# For IPIP tunnels iptunnel_vpn0="mode ipip remote 207.170.82.2 ttl 255"# To configure the interface config_vpn0=( "192.168.0.2 peer 192.168.1.1" )
For VLAN support, emerge net-misc/vconfig
Virtual LAN is a group of network devices that behave as if they were connected to a single network segment - even though they may not be. VLAN members can only see members of the same VLAN even though they may share the same physical network.
# Specify the VLAN numbers for the interface like so # Please ensure your VLAN IDs are NOT zero-padded vlans_eth0="1 2"# You can also configure the VLAN # see for vconfig man page for more details vconfig_eth0=( "set_name_type VLAN_PLUS_VID_NO_PAD" ) vconfig_vlan1=( "set_flag 1" "set_egress_map 2 6" )# Configure the interface as usual config_vlan1=( "172.16.3.1 netmask 255.255.254.0" ) config_vlan2=( "172.16.2.1 netmask 255.255.254.0" )