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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0 -->
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/draft/hb-portage-branches.xml,v 1.4 2004/10/10 11:19:15 swift Exp $ -->
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<sections>
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<section>
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<title>Using One Branch</title>
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<subsection>
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<title>The Stable Branch</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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The ACCEPT_KEYWORDS variable defines what software branch you use on your
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system. It defaults to the stable software branch for your architecture, for
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instance <c>x86</c>.
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</p>
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<p>
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We recommend that you only use the stable branch. However, if you don't care
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about stability this much and you want to help out Gentoo by submitting
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bugreports to <uri>http://bugs.gentoo.org</uri>, read on.
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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<subsection>
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<title>The Testing Branch</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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If you want to use more recent software you can consider using the testing
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branch instead. To have Portage use the testing branch, add a ~ in front of your
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architecture.
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</p>
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<p>
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For instance, to select the testing branch for the x86 architecture, edit
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<path>/etc/make.conf</path> and set:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Setting the ACCEPT_KEYWORDS variable">
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ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86"
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</pre>
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<p>
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If you update your system now, you will find out that <e>lots</e> of packages
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will be updated. Mind you though: when you have updated your system to use the
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testing branch there is usually no easy way back to the stable, official branch
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(except for using backups of course).
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</p>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Mixing Stable with Testing</title>
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<subsection>
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<title>The package.keywords file</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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You can ask Portage to allow the testing branch for particular packages but use
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the stable branch for the rest of the system. To achieve this, add the package
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category and name you want to use the testing branch of in
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<path>/etc/portage/package.keywords</path>. For instance, to use the testing
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branch for <c>gnumeric</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="/etc/portage/package.keywords setting for gnumeric">
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app-office/gnumeric
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</pre>
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<p>
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The same can be achieved when you add the correct keyword at the end of the
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line, for instance for the x86 architecture:
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</p>
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<pre caption="/etc/portage/package.keywords setting for gnumeric, full line">
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app-office/gnumeric ~x86
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</pre>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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<subsection>
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<title>Test Particular Versions</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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If you want to use a specific software version from the testing branch but you
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don't want Portage to use the testing branch for subsequent versions, you can
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add in the version in the <path>package.keywords</path> file. In this case you
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<e>must</e> use the = operator. You can also enter a version range
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using the <=, <, > or >= operators.
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</p>
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<p>
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In any case, if you add version information, you <e>must</e> use an operator. If
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you leave out version information, you <e>cannot</e> use an operator.
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</p>
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<p>
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In the following example we ask Portage to accept gnumeric-1.2.13:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Using a particular gnumeric version">
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=app-office/gnumeric-1.2.13
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</pre>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Using Masked Packages</title>
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<subsection>
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<title>The package.unmask file</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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When a package has been masked by the Gentoo developers and you still want to
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use it despite the reason mentioned in the <path>package.mask</path> file
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(situated in <path>/usr/portage/profiles</path> by default), add the
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<e>exact</e> same line in <path>/etc/portage/package.unmask</path>.
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</p>
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<p>
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For instance, if <c>=net-mail/hotwayd-0.8</c> is masked, you can unmask it by
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adding the exact same line in the <path>package.unmask</path> file:
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</p>
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<pre caption="/etc/portage/package.unmask">
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=net-mail/hotwayd-0.8
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</pre>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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<subsection>
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<title>The package.mask file</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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When you don't want Portage to take a certain package or a specific version of a
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package into account you can mask it yourself by adding an appropriate line to
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<path>/etc/portage/package.mask</path>.
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</p>
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<p>
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For instance, if you don't want Portage to install newer kernel sources than
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<c>development-sources-2.6.8.1</c>, you add the following line to
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<path>package.mask</path>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="/etc/portage/package.mask example">
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>sys-kernel/development-sources-2.6.8.1
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</pre>
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</body>
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</subsection>
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</section>
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</sections>
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