The ACCEPT_KEYWORDS variable defines what software branch you use on your system. It defaults to the stable software branch for your architecture, for instance x86.

We recommend that you only use the stable branch. However, if you don't care about stability this much and you want to help out Gentoo by submitting bugreports to http://bugs.gentoo.org, read on.

If you want to use more recent software, you can consider using the testing branch instead. To have Portage use the testing branch, add a ~ in front of your architecture.

The testing branch is exactly what it says - Testing. If a package is in testing, it means that the developers feel that it is functional but has not been thoroughly tested. You could very well be the first to discover a bug in the package in which case you could file a bugreport to let the developers know about it.

Beware though, you might notice stability issues, imperfect package handling (for instance wrong/missing dependencies), too frequent updates (resulting in lots of building) or broken packages. If you do not know how Gentoo works and how to solve problems, we recommend that you stick with the stable and tested branch.

For example, to select the testing branch for the x86 architecture, edit /etc/make.conf and set:

ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="~x86"

If you update your system now, you will find out that lots of packages will be updated. Mind you though: when you have updated your system to use the testing branch there is usually no easy way back to the stable, official branch (except for using backups of course).

You can ask Portage to allow the testing branch for particular packages but use the stable branch for the rest of the system. To achieve this, add the package category and name you want to use the testing branch of in /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords. You can also create a directory (with the same name) and list the package in the files under that directory. For instance, to use the testing branch for gnumeric:

app-office/gnumeric

If you want to use a specific software version from the testing branch but you don't want Portage to use the testing branch for subsequent versions, you can add in the version in the package.accept_keywords location. In this case you must use the = operator. You can also enter a version range using the <=, <, > or >= operators.

In any case, if you add version information, you must use an operator. If you leave out version information, you cannot use an operator.

In the following example we ask Portage to accept gnumeric-1.2.13:

=app-office/gnumeric-1.2.13

When a package has been masked by the Gentoo developers and you still want to use it despite the reason mentioned in the package.mask file (situated in /usr/portage/profiles by default), add the desired version (usually this will be the exact same line from profiles) in the /etc/portage/package.unmask file (or in a file in that directory if it is a directory).

For instance, if =net-mail/hotwayd-0.8 is masked, you can unmask it by adding the exact same line in the package.unmask location:

=net-mail/hotwayd-0.8

When you don't want Portage to take a certain package or a specific version of a package into account you can mask it yourself by adding an appropriate line to the /etc/portage/package.mask location (either in that file or in a file in this directory).

For instance, if you don't want Portage to install newer kernel sources than gentoo-sources-2.6.8.1, you add the following line at the package.mask location:

>sys-kernel/gentoo-sources-2.6.8.1