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2 | <!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
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| 4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
4 | <!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
| 5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0 --> |
5 | <!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
| 6 | |
6 | |
| 7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-working-portage.xml,v 1.51 2005/05/17 14:39:26 neysx Exp $ --> |
7 | <!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-working-portage.xml,v 1.70 2008/01/31 21:30:23 jkt Exp $ --> |
| 8 | |
8 | |
| 9 | <sections> |
9 | <sections> |
| 10 | |
10 | |
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11 | <abstract> |
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12 | This chapter explains the "simple" steps a user definitely needs to know to |
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13 | maintain the software on his system. |
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14 | </abstract> |
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15 | |
| 11 | <version>1.46</version> |
16 | <version>1.63</version> |
| 12 | <date>2005-05-17</date> |
17 | <date>2008-01-31</date> |
| 13 | |
18 | |
| 14 | <section> |
19 | <section> |
| 15 | <title>Welcome to Portage</title> |
20 | <title>Welcome to Portage</title> |
| 16 | <body> |
21 | <body> |
| 17 | |
22 | |
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| 178 | </pre> |
183 | </pre> |
| 179 | |
184 | |
| 180 | </body> |
185 | </body> |
| 181 | </subsection> |
186 | </subsection> |
| 182 | <subsection> |
187 | <subsection> |
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188 | <title>Finding Installed Package Documentation</title> |
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189 | <body> |
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190 | |
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191 | <p> |
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192 | Many packages come with their own documentation. Sometimes, the <c>doc</c> USE |
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193 | flag determines whether the package documentation should be installed or not. |
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194 | You can check the existence of a <c>doc</c> USE flag with the <c>emerge -vp |
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195 | <package name></c> command. |
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196 | </p> |
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197 | |
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198 | <pre caption="Checking the existence of a doc USE flag"> |
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199 | <comment>(alsa-lib is just an example, of course.)</comment> |
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200 | # <i>emerge -vp alsa-lib</i> |
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201 | [ebuild N ] media-libs/alsa-lib-1.0.14_rc1 -debug +doc 698 kB |
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202 | </pre> |
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203 | |
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204 | <p> |
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205 | The best way of enabling the <c>doc</c> USE flag is doing it on a per-package |
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206 | basis via <path>/etc/portage/package.use</path>, so that you get documentation |
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207 | only for packages that you are interested in. Enabling this flag globally is |
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208 | known to cause problems with circular dependencies. For more information, please |
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209 | read the <uri link="?part=2&chap=2">USE Flags</uri> chapter. |
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210 | </p> |
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211 | |
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212 | <p> |
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213 | Once the package installed, its documentation is generally found in a |
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214 | subdirectory named after the package under the <path>/usr/share/doc</path> |
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215 | directory. You can also list all installed files with the <c>equery</c> tool |
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216 | which is part of the <c>app-portage/gentoolkit</c> <uri |
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217 | link="/doc/en/gentoolkit.xml">package</uri>. |
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218 | </p> |
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219 | |
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220 | <pre caption="Locating package documentation"> |
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221 | # <i>ls -l /usr/share/doc/alsa-lib-1.0.14_rc1</i> |
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222 | total 28 |
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223 | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 669 May 17 21:54 ChangeLog.gz |
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224 | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9373 May 17 21:54 COPYING.gz |
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225 | drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 8560 May 17 21:54 html |
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226 | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 196 May 17 21:54 TODO.gz |
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227 | |
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228 | <comment>(Alternatively, use equery to locate interesting files:)</comment> |
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229 | # <i>equery files alsa-lib | less</i> |
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230 | media-libs/alsa-lib-1.0.14_rc1 |
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231 | * Contents of media-libs/alsa-lib-1.0.14_rc1: |
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232 | /usr |
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233 | /usr/bin |
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234 | /usr/bin/alsalisp |
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235 | <comment>(Output truncated)</comment> |
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236 | </pre> |
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237 | |
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238 | </body> |
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239 | </subsection> |
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240 | <subsection> |
| 183 | <title>Removing Software</title> |
241 | <title>Removing Software</title> |
| 184 | <body> |
242 | <body> |
| 185 | |
243 | |
| 186 | <p> |
244 | <p> |
| 187 | When you want to remove a software package from your system, use <c>emerge |
245 | When you want to remove a software package from your system, use <c>emerge |
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… | |
| 220 | <p> |
278 | <p> |
| 221 | To keep your system in perfect shape (and not to mention install the latest |
279 | To keep your system in perfect shape (and not to mention install the latest |
| 222 | security updates) you need to update your system regularly. Since Portage only |
280 | security updates) you need to update your system regularly. Since Portage only |
| 223 | checks the ebuilds in your Portage tree you first have to update your Portage |
281 | checks the ebuilds in your Portage tree you first have to update your Portage |
| 224 | tree. When your Portage tree is updated, you can update your system with |
282 | tree. When your Portage tree is updated, you can update your system with |
| 225 | <c>emerge --update world</c>: |
283 | <c>emerge --update world</c>. In the next example, we'll also use the |
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284 | <c>--ask</c> switch which will tell Portage to display the list of packages it |
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285 | wants to upgrade and ask you if you want to continue: |
| 226 | </p> |
286 | </p> |
| 227 | |
287 | |
| 228 | <pre caption="Updating your system"> |
288 | <pre caption="Updating your system"> |
| 229 | # <i>emerge --update world</i> |
289 | # <i>emerge --update --ask world</i> |
| 230 | </pre> |
290 | </pre> |
| 231 | |
291 | |
| 232 | <p> |
292 | <p> |
| 233 | Portage will then search for newer version of the applications you have |
293 | Portage will then search for newer version of the applications you have |
| 234 | installed. However, it will only verify the versions for the applications you |
294 | installed. However, it will only verify the versions for the applications you |
| 235 | have explicitly installed - not the dependencies. If you want to update every |
295 | have <e>explicitly</e> installed (the applications listed in |
| 236 | single package on your system, add the <c>--deep</c> argument: |
296 | <path>/var/lib/portage/world</path>) - it does not thoroughly check their |
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297 | dependencies. If you want to update <e>every single package</e> on your system, |
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298 | add the <c>--deep</c> argument: |
| 237 | </p> |
299 | </p> |
| 238 | |
300 | |
| 239 | <pre caption="Updating your entire system"> |
301 | <pre caption="Updating your entire system"> |
| 240 | # <i>emerge --update --deep world</i> |
302 | # <i>emerge --update --deep world</i> |
| 241 | </pre> |
303 | </pre> |
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304 | |
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305 | <p> |
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306 | Since security updates also happen in packages you have not explicitly installed |
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307 | on your system (but that are pulled in as dependencies of other programs), it |
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308 | is recommended to run this command once in a while. |
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309 | </p> |
| 242 | |
310 | |
| 243 | <p> |
311 | <p> |
| 244 | If you have altered any of your <uri link="?part=2&chap=2">USE flags</uri> |
312 | If you have altered any of your <uri link="?part=2&chap=2">USE flags</uri> |
| 245 | lately you might want to add <c>--newuse</c> as well. Portage will then verify |
313 | lately you might want to add <c>--newuse</c> as well. Portage will then verify |
| 246 | if the change requires the installation of new packages or recompilation of |
314 | if the change requires the installation of new packages or recompilation of |
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… | |
| 360 | <subsection id="blocked"> |
428 | <subsection id="blocked"> |
| 361 | <title>Blocked Packages</title> |
429 | <title>Blocked Packages</title> |
| 362 | <body> |
430 | <body> |
| 363 | |
431 | |
| 364 | <pre caption="Portage warning about blocked packages (with --pretend)"> |
432 | <pre caption="Portage warning about blocked packages (with --pretend)"> |
| 365 | [blocks B ] gnome-base/bonobo-activation (from pkg gnome-base/libbonobo-2.4.0) |
433 | [blocks B ] mail-mta/ssmtp (is blocking mail-mta/postfix-2.2.2-r1) |
| 366 | </pre> |
434 | </pre> |
| 367 | |
435 | |
| 368 | <pre caption="Portage warning about blocked packages (without --pretend)"> |
436 | <pre caption="Portage warning about blocked packages (without --pretend)"> |
| 369 | !!! Error: the gnome-base/bonobo-activation package conflicts with another package. |
437 | !!! Error: the mail-mta/postfix package conflicts with another package. |
| 370 | !!! both can't be installed on the same system together. |
438 | !!! both can't be installed on the same system together. |
| 371 | !!! Please use 'emerge --pretend' to determine blockers. |
439 | !!! Please use 'emerge --pretend' to determine blockers. |
| 372 | </pre> |
440 | </pre> |
| 373 | |
441 | |
| 374 | <p> |
442 | <p> |
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… | |
| 380 | </p> |
448 | </p> |
| 381 | |
449 | |
| 382 | <p> |
450 | <p> |
| 383 | To fix a blockage, you can choose to not install the package or unmerge the |
451 | To fix a blockage, you can choose to not install the package or unmerge the |
| 384 | conflicting package first. In the given example, you can opt not to install |
452 | conflicting package first. In the given example, you can opt not to install |
| 385 | <c>libbonobo</c> or to remove <c>bonobo-activation</c> first. |
453 | <c>postfix</c> or to remove <c>ssmtp</c> first. |
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454 | </p> |
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455 | |
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456 | <p> |
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457 | You may also see blocking packages with specific atoms, such as |
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458 | <b><</b>media-video/mplayer-bin-1.0_rc1-r2. In this case, updating to a more |
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459 | recent version of the blocking package would remove the block. |
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460 | </p> |
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461 | |
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462 | <p> |
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463 | It is also possible that two packages that are yet to be installed are blocking |
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464 | each other. In this rare case, you should find out why you need to install both. |
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465 | In most cases you can do with one of the packages alone. If not, please file a |
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466 | bug on <uri link="http://bugs.gentoo.org">Gentoo's bugtracking system</uri>. |
| 386 | </p> |
467 | </p> |
| 387 | |
468 | |
| 388 | </body> |
469 | </body> |
| 389 | </subsection> |
470 | </subsection> |
| 390 | <subsection id="masked"> |
471 | <subsection id="masked"> |
| … | |
… | |
| 400 | |
481 | |
| 401 | - gnome-base/gnome-2.8.0_pre1 (masked by: <i>~x86 keyword</i>) |
482 | - gnome-base/gnome-2.8.0_pre1 (masked by: <i>~x86 keyword</i>) |
| 402 | - lm-sensors/lm-sensors-2.8.7 (masked by: <i>-sparc keyword</i>) |
483 | - lm-sensors/lm-sensors-2.8.7 (masked by: <i>-sparc keyword</i>) |
| 403 | - sys-libs/glibc-2.3.4.20040808 (masked by: <i>-* keyword</i>) |
484 | - sys-libs/glibc-2.3.4.20040808 (masked by: <i>-* keyword</i>) |
| 404 | - dev-util/cvsd-1.0.2 (masked by: <i>missing keyword</i>) |
485 | - dev-util/cvsd-1.0.2 (masked by: <i>missing keyword</i>) |
| 405 | - media-video/ati-gatos-4.3.0 (masked by: <i>package.mask</i>) |
486 | - games-fps/unreal-tournament-451 (masked by: <i>package.mask</i>) |
| 406 | - sys-libs/glibc-2.3.2-r11 (masked by: <i>profile</i>) |
487 | - sys-libs/glibc-2.3.2-r11 (masked by: <i>profile</i>) |
| 407 | </pre> |
488 | </pre> |
| 408 | |
489 | |
| 409 | <p> |
490 | <p> |
| 410 | When you want to install a package that isn't available for your system, you |
491 | When you want to install a package that isn't available for your system, you |
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| 543 | from the system. |
624 | from the system. |
| 544 | </p> |
625 | </p> |
| 545 | |
626 | |
| 546 | </body> |
627 | </body> |
| 547 | </subsection> |
628 | </subsection> |
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629 | <subsection id="digesterror"> |
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630 | <title>Checksum Verification Failures</title> |
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631 | <body> |
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632 | |
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633 | <p> |
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634 | Sometimes, when you attempt to emerge a package, it will fail with the message: |
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635 | </p> |
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636 | |
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637 | <pre caption="Digest verification failure"> |
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638 | >>> Verifying ebuild Manifests... |
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639 | |
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640 | !!! Digest verification failed: |
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641 | !!! /usr/portage/virtual/c++-tr1-memory/c++-tr1-memory-0.ebuild |
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642 | !!! Reason: Failed on MD5 verification |
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643 | !!! Got: cccc4738cc08ac3c67b14932c85d7cb2 |
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644 | !!! Expected: cccc4738cc08ac3c67b14932c85d7cb3 |
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645 | </pre> |
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646 | |
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647 | <p> |
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648 | This is a sign that something is wrong with the Portage tree -- often, it is |
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649 | because a developer may have made a mistake when committing a package to the |
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650 | tree. |
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651 | </p> |
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652 | |
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653 | <p> |
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654 | When the digest verification fails, do <e>not</e> try to re-digest the package |
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655 | yourself. Running <c>ebuild foo manifest</c> will not fix the problem; it will |
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656 | almost certainly make it worse! |
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657 | </p> |
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658 | |
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659 | <p> |
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660 | Instead, wait an hour or two for the tree to settle down. It's likely that the |
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661 | error was noticed right away, but it can take a little time for the fix to |
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662 | trickle down the Portage tree. While you're waiting, check <uri |
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663 | link="http://bugs.gentoo.org">Bugzilla</uri> and see if anyone has reported |
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664 | the problem yet. If not, go ahead and file a bug for the broken package. |
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665 | </p> |
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666 | |
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667 | <p> |
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668 | Once you see that the bug has been fixed, you may want to re-sync to pick up |
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669 | the fixed digest. |
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670 | </p> |
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671 | |
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672 | <impo> |
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673 | This does <e>not</e> mean that you can re-sync your tree multiple times! As |
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674 | stated in the rsync policy (when you run <c>emerge --sync</c>), users who sync |
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675 | too often will be banned! In fact, it's better to just wait until your next |
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676 | scheduled sync, so that you don't overload the rsync servers. |
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677 | </impo> |
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678 | |
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679 | </body> |
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680 | </subsection> |
| 548 | </section> |
681 | </section> |
| 549 | </sections> |
682 | </sections> |
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