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<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/lvm2.xml,v 1.13 2005/07/02 10:54:44 swift Exp $ -->
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
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<guide link = "/doc/en/lvm2.xml">
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<title>Gentoo LVM2 installation</title>
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<author title="Author">
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<mail link="avi@CFFtechnologies.com">Avi Schwartz</mail>
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</author>
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<author title="Contributor">
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<mail link="rajiv@gentoo.org">Rajiv Manglani</mail>
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</author>
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<author title="Editor">
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<mail link="neysx@gentoo.org">Xavier Neys</mail>
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</author>
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<abstract>
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This guide describes how to setup your Gentoo machine using the Logical Volume
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Manager version 2 (LVM2).
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</abstract>
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<license/>
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<version>2.0.10</version>
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<date>2005-08-17</date>
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<chapter>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<section>
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<body>
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<p>
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This guide is based on an example with two IDE hard disks. It means that you
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will more than likely need to change the drive, partition names and partition
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sizes to match your own setup and needs.
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</p>
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<warn>
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This document is not intended to be an LVM2 tutorial. It serves as a
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supplement to the Gentoo installation procedure as described in the <uri
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link="/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1&chap=0">Handbook, Part
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1</uri>. Make sure you <c>read</c> the Gentoo Installation Manual
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<c>before</c> you start your installation process.
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</warn>
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<note>
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For a complete LVM HOWTO point your browser to
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<uri>http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO</uri>
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</note>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Initial requirements</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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If you do a fresh install of Gentoo, you will need to use a bootable CD with
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LVM2 support such as a Gentoo LiveCD. You can find the LiveCD for an x86
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architecture on our <uri
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link="http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml">mirrors</uri> under
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<path>/releases/x86/2004.3/livecd</path>. Other architectures might
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be supported as well.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you install LVM2 on a currently running system with some spare hard disk
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space, you will need to enable the LVM2 module (<path>dm-mod</path>). This
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module is available in <path>gentoo-sources</path> and in
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<path>vanilla-sources</path>.
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Compiling your kernel and getting LVM2 to work is covered later in this guide.
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</p>
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<p>
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Not all 2.4 kernels provided by Gentoo support LVM2!
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</p>
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<warn>
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The LVM2 available on the 2005.0 installation CDs is erroneously linked
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dynamically against a library (libgpm) which resides in /usr. This means you
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cannot have your /usr in an LVM environment as well. Either install the latest
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version or version 2.0.33 (not -r1) which are built statically.
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</warn>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Partitions</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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Our example system has two IDE hard disks and will be partitioned as follows:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>/dev/hda1 -- /boot</li>
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<li>/dev/hda2 -- (swap)</li>
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<li>/dev/hda3 -- /</li>
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<li>/dev/hda4 -- Will be used by LVM2</li>
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<li>/dev/hdb1 -- Will be used by LVM2</li>
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</ul>
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<impo>
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Pay attention to the partition names as it is easy to confuse the a's and b's,
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and the partition numbers. One false move could wipe out the wrong partition.
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You have been warned!
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</impo>
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<p>
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OK, time to start...
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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<chapter>
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<title>Installation</title>
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<section>
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<body>
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<p>
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Follow the handbook, but with the following amendments to chapter <c>4.
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Preparing the Disks</c>:
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</p>
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<p>
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Use <c>fdisk</c> as described in the handbook, but use the partition scheme
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mentioned above as an example. It is only <e>an example</e>, adapt it to your
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own needs.
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</p>
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<p>
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Create a small physical /boot partition (hda1). In this example, /boot will be
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not managed by LVM2. This partition will contain your bootloader and your
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kernel(s). A 64MB partition should be well enough for quite a few kernel
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generations.
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</p>
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<p>
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Create a swap partition (hda2) and activate it.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Activating the swap partition">
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# <i>mkswap /dev/hda2</i>
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# <i>swapon /dev/hda2</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Create a / (root) partition (hda3). If you are interested in trying to put your
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root partition under LVM management (which we do not recommend), see the
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resources section at the end of this guide for a link to a mini-howto on how to
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do this. The size of the root partition need not be large if you will keep
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<path>/opt /usr /home /var</path> and <path>/tmp</path> in an LVM2 Volume Group
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(vg). In this case, 1GB should be sufficient.
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</p>
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<note>
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It is <b>not</b> recommended to put the following directories in an
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LVM2 partition: <path>/etc</path>, <path>/lib</path>, <path>/mnt</path>,
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<path>/proc</path>, <path>/sbin</path>, <path>/dev</path>, and <path>/root</path>.
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This way, you would still be able to log into your system (crippled, but
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still somewhat usable, as root) if something goes terribly wrong.
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</note>
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<p>
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Assuming the /boot, swap and root partitions do not use the whole physical disk,
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create a fourth partition on this disk and set it to type 8e (Linux LVM).
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If you have more physical drives you would like to use with LVM, create
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one partition on each and give them the same type (8e).
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</p>
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<note>
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Considering the huge size of current disks, you might consider splitting your
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hard disks into smaller partitions instead of creating a big partition that
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will be added to an LVM2 volume group in one block. LVM2 makes it easy to
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extend your volumes after all. This leaves you some unallocated partitions you
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might need to use outside of an LVM2 group. In short, don't use your disk space
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until you know you need it. As an example, one contributor had split his
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160 Gb hard disk into 8 partitions of 20 Gb each.
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</note>
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<p>
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Load the LVM2 <path>dm-mod</path> module.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Loading the LVM2 module">
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# <i>modprobe dm-mod</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Scan and activate LVM:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Activating LVM">
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<comment>(Avoid scanning your cdrom)</comment>
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# <i>mkdir -p /etc/lvm</i>
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# <i>echo 'devices { filter=["r/cdrom/"] }' >/etc/lvm/lvm.conf</i>
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# <i>vgscan</i>
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Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
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No volume groups found
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<comment>(Make any previously set up volume groups available)</comment>
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# <i>vgchange -a y</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Prepare the partitions.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Preparing the partitions">
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# <i>pvcreate /dev/hda4 /dev/hdb1</i>
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No physical volume label read from /dev/hda4
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Physical volume "/dev/hda4" successfully created
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No physical volume label read from /dev/hdb1
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Physical volume "/dev/hdb1" successfully created
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</pre>
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<p>
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Setup a volume group. A volume group is the result of combining several
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physical units into a single logical device.
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</p>
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<p>
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In our example, <path>/dev/hda1</path>, <path>/dev/hda2</path> and
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<path>/dev/hda3</path> are the <path>/boot</path>, swap and root partitions so
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we need to combine <path>/dev/hda4</path> and <path>/dev/hdb1</path>. It can be
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done with a single command, but, as an example, we will create our volume group
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and extend it.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Creating and extending a volume group">
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<comment>(Create a volume group named vg)</comment>
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# <i>vgcreate vg /dev/hda4</i>
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/etc/lvm/backup: fsync failed: Invalid argument <comment>(Ignore this warning)</comment>
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Volume group "vg" successfully created
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<comment>(Extending an existing volume group)</comment>
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# <i>vgextend vg /dev/hdb1</i>
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/etc/lvm/backup: fsync failed: Invalid argument <comment>(Ignore this warning, again and later as well)</comment>
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Volume group "vg" successfully extended
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</pre>
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<p>
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Create the logical volumes. Logical volumes are the equivalent of partitions
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you would create using fdisk in a non LVM2 environment. In our example, we
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create the following partitions:
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</p>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<th>Directory</th>
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<th>Size</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>/usr</ti>
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<ti>10 GB</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>/home</ti>
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<ti>5 GB</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>/opt</ti>
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<ti>5 GB</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>/var</ti>
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<ti>10 GB</ti>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<ti>/tmp</ti>
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<ti>2 GB</ti>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>
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Since we are going to use LVM2, we should not worry too much about partition
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sizes because they can always be expanded as needed.
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</p>
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<note>
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As Terje Kvernes commented, it is easier to increase the size of a partition
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then to shrink it. You might therefore want to start with smaller partitions
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and increase their size as needed.
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</note>
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<pre caption="Creating and extending logical volumes">
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# <i>lvcreate -L10G -nusr vg</i>
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Logical volume "usr" created <comment>(Further similar messages not displayed)</comment>
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# <i>lvcreate -L5G -nhome vg</i>
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# <i>lvcreate -L5G -nopt vg</i>
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# <i>lvcreate -L10G -nvar vg</i>
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# <i>lvcreate -L2G -ntmp vg</i>
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<comment>(As an example, let's extend a logical volume with 5 extra Gbytes)</comment>
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# <i>lvextend -L+5G /dev/vg/home</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Create filesystems on the logical volumes the same way you would on a regular
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partition. We use ext3 on the logical volumes but any filesystem of your
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choice will work:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Creating the filesystems">
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# <i>mke2fs -j /dev/vg/usr</i>
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# <i>mke2fs -j /dev/vg/home</i>
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# <i>mke2fs -j /dev/vg/opt</i>
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# <i>mke2fs -j /dev/vg/var</i>
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# <i>mke2fs -j /dev/vg/tmp</i>
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</pre>
|
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<p>
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Mount your partitions as described in the handbook and mount your LVM2 logical
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volumes as if they were partitions. Replace the usual <path>/dev/hdxx</path>
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with <path>/dev/vg/logical_volumename</path>.
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</p>
|
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<pre caption="Mounting your logical volumes">
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<comment>(Make sure you have mounted your root partition as described in the handbook first)</comment>
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# <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo/usr</i>
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# <i>mount /dev/vg/usr /mnt/gentoo/usr</i>
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# <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo/home</i>
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# <i>mount /dev/vg/home /mnt/gentoo/home</i>
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# <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo/opt</i>
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# <i>mount /dev/vg/opt /mnt/gentoo/opt</i>
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# <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo/var</i>
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# <i>mount /dev/vg/var /mnt/gentoo/var</i>
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# <i>mkdir /mnt/gentoo/tmp</i>
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# <i>mount /dev/vg/tmp /mnt/gentoo/tmp</i>
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</pre>
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<note>
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| 332 |
The rest of the installation handbook is mostly unchanged so we shall not
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walk you through it again except to point out differences.
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</note>
|
| 335 |
|
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<p>
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When configuring your kernel, make sure to configure your kernel to
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support LVM2 (not all 2.4 kernels do). Select the LVM2 module as follows:
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</p>
|
| 340 |
|
| 341 |
<pre caption="Selecting the LVM2 module in a 2.4.x kernel">
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| 342 |
Multi-device support (RAID and LVM) --->
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[*] Multiple devices driver support (RAID and LVM)
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< > RAID support
|
| 345 |
<comment>(Note that LVM is not selected on purpose, this was for LVM1)</comment>
|
| 346 |
< > Logical volume manager (LVM) support
|
| 347 |
<M> Device-mapper support
|
| 348 |
< > Mirror (RAID-1) support
|
| 349 |
</pre>
|
| 350 |
|
| 351 |
<pre caption="Selecting the LVM2 module in a 2.6.x kernel">
|
| 352 |
Device Drivers --->
|
| 353 |
Multi-device support (RAID and LVM) --->
|
| 354 |
[*] Multiple devices driver support (RAID and LVM)
|
| 355 |
< > RAID support
|
| 356 |
<M> Device mapper support
|
| 357 |
</pre>
|
| 358 |
|
| 359 |
<p>
|
| 360 |
The compiled module is called <path>dm-mod.ko</path>
|
| 361 |
</p>
|
| 362 |
|
| 363 |
<p>
|
| 364 |
After you have built your kernel and installed its modules, add the following
|
| 365 |
line to your <path>/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-{KV}</path> where {KV}
|
| 366 |
represents your kernel version (2.4 or 2.6) so that the LVM2 module gets loaded
|
| 367 |
when your machine is booted:
|
| 368 |
</p>
|
| 369 |
|
| 370 |
<pre caption="Adding the LVM2 module into /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6">
|
| 371 |
# <i>nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</i>
|
| 372 |
<comment>(Add the following line)</comment>
|
| 373 |
dm-mod
|
| 374 |
</pre>
|
| 375 |
|
| 376 |
<p>
|
| 377 |
Now, install the lvm2 package.
|
| 378 |
</p>
|
| 379 |
|
| 380 |
<impo>
|
| 381 |
Make sure your <path>/usr/src/linux</path> link points to the kernel sources you
|
| 382 |
are using because the lvm2 ebuild depends on the device-mapper ebuild which
|
| 383 |
will check the presence of a required source file under
|
| 384 |
<path>/usr/src/linux/include/linux</path>.
|
| 385 |
</impo>
|
| 386 |
|
| 387 |
<pre caption="Emerging the LVM2 package">
|
| 388 |
# <i>emerge lvm2</i>
|
| 389 |
<comment>(At the time of writing, the stable version is 2.00.08.
|
| 390 |
With version 2.00.08, prevent lvm2 from probing your cdrom by doing:</comment>
|
| 391 |
# <i>echo 'devices { filter=["r/cdrom/"] }' >> /etc/lvm/lvm.conf</i>
|
| 392 |
|
| 393 |
<comment>(Versions 2.00.15 and later come with a /etc/lvm/lvm.conf
|
| 394 |
Edit your /etc/lvm/lvm.conf and follow the comments</comment>
|
| 395 |
# <i>nano -w /etc/lvm/lvm.conf</i>
|
| 396 |
</pre>
|
| 397 |
|
| 398 |
<p>
|
| 399 |
When editing your <path>/etc/fstab</path> file, follow the handbook and add
|
| 400 |
your LVM2 logical volumes as needed. Again, here are a few lines needed for
|
| 401 |
our example:
|
| 402 |
</p>
|
| 403 |
|
| 404 |
<pre caption="Extract of /etc/fstab">
|
| 405 |
/dev/hda1 /boot ext3 noauto,noatime 1 1
|
| 406 |
/dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0
|
| 407 |
/dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 0
|
| 408 |
# Logical volumes
|
| 409 |
/dev/vg/usr /usr ext3 noatime 0 0
|
| 410 |
/dev/vg/home /home ext3 noatime 0 0
|
| 411 |
/dev/vg/opt /opt ext3 noatime 0 0
|
| 412 |
/dev/vg/var /var ext3 noatime 0 0
|
| 413 |
/dev/vg/tmp /tmp ext3 noatime 0 0
|
| 414 |
</pre>
|
| 415 |
|
| 416 |
<p>
|
| 417 |
When you reach the end of the installation part of the handbook, don't forget
|
| 418 |
to umount all your LVM2 logical volumes as well and for a good measure run the
|
| 419 |
following command before you reboot:
|
| 420 |
</p>
|
| 421 |
|
| 422 |
<pre caption="Shutting down LVM2">
|
| 423 |
# <i>vgchange -a n</i>
|
| 424 |
</pre>
|
| 425 |
|
| 426 |
<p>
|
| 427 |
Restart your machine and all partitions should be visible and mounted.
|
| 428 |
</p>
|
| 429 |
|
| 430 |
</body>
|
| 431 |
</section>
|
| 432 |
</chapter>
|
| 433 |
|
| 434 |
<chapter>
|
| 435 |
<title>Continuing After a Reboot</title>
|
| 436 |
<section>
|
| 437 |
<body>
|
| 438 |
|
| 439 |
<p>
|
| 440 |
If you have interrupted the Gentoo installation at one point and want to
|
| 441 |
continue, you need to create the volume device nodes first:
|
| 442 |
</p>
|
| 443 |
|
| 444 |
<pre caption="Reactivating the volumes">
|
| 445 |
# <i>vgscan --mknodes</i>
|
| 446 |
</pre>
|
| 447 |
|
| 448 |
<p>
|
| 449 |
Installation CDs with less recent tools might need to reactivate the volumes
|
| 450 |
instead:
|
| 451 |
</p>
|
| 452 |
|
| 453 |
<pre caption="Reactivating the volumes">
|
| 454 |
<comment>(Deactivate all volumes first)</comment>
|
| 455 |
# <i>vgchange -a n</i>
|
| 456 |
<comment>(Export all the volumes)</comment>
|
| 457 |
# <i>vgexport -a vg</i>
|
| 458 |
<comment>(Import all volumes)</comment>
|
| 459 |
# <i>vgimport -a vg</i>
|
| 460 |
<comment>(Reactivate all volumes)</comment>
|
| 461 |
# <i>vgchange -a y</i>
|
| 462 |
</pre>
|
| 463 |
|
| 464 |
</body>
|
| 465 |
</section>
|
| 466 |
</chapter>
|
| 467 |
|
| 468 |
<chapter>
|
| 469 |
<title>Resources</title>
|
| 470 |
<section>
|
| 471 |
<body>
|
| 472 |
|
| 473 |
<ul>
|
| 474 |
<li>
|
| 475 |
The official <uri link="http://sources.redhat.com/lvm2">LVM2 home page</uri>
|
| 476 |
</li>
|
| 477 |
<li>
|
| 478 |
The <uri link="http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO">LVM Howto</uri>
|
| 479 |
</li>
|
| 480 |
<li>
|
| 481 |
Daniel Robbins's articles on LVM at IBM's DeveloperWorks:
|
| 482 |
<uri>http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-lvm/?dwzone=linux</uri>
|
| 483 |
and
|
| 484 |
<uri>http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-lvm2.html?dwzone=linux</uri>
|
| 485 |
</li>
|
| 486 |
<li>
|
| 487 |
How to boot your root FS off of LVM1:
|
| 488 |
<uri>http://www.the-infinite.org/archive/docs/lvm/howto-boot-off-root-lv.txt</uri>
|
| 489 |
</li>
|
| 490 |
</ul>
|
| 491 |
|
| 492 |
</body>
|
| 493 |
</section>
|
| 494 |
</chapter>
|
| 495 |
|
| 496 |
<chapter>
|
| 497 |
<title>Acknowledgements</title>
|
| 498 |
<section>
|
| 499 |
<body>
|
| 500 |
|
| 501 |
<p>
|
| 502 |
Thanks <mail link="bangert@gentoo.org">Thilo Bangert</mail> and <mail
|
| 503 |
link="terjekv@math.uio.no">Terje Kvernes</mail> for their help and comments on
|
| 504 |
this document.
|
| 505 |
</p>
|
| 506 |
|
| 507 |
</body>
|
| 508 |
</section>
|
| 509 |
</chapter>
|
| 510 |
</guide>
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