As with any major upgrade to the core of your Gentoo system, there is always the possibility that unforeseen problems will ensue. It is always prudent to back up all important data before beginning this process. If possible, try to allocate a large block of time for this upgrade, so that you will not feel rushed. All the software on your machine will need to be recompiled.

This is not the only way to upgrade your system. You can install a new 1.4 system onto a separate partition and reuse some of your system configuration instead. This method also has the advantage that you can always go back to your old system in the meantime as a fallback. You may also decide to simply not upgrade your system. If you decide you want to upgrade in place, read on.

Whenever the code listings suggest running the emerge command, it is always a good idea to make a test run of the command using the -p or --pretend option to make sure that the command will do what you expect it to do.

Some of the syntax of current ebuilds is unreadable by older versions of Portage. If you don't have at least Portage 2.0.44, try upgrading Portage.

# emerge --sync
# emerge -u portage

You will be installing a newer version of GCC during this upgrade. Versions of GCC older than 2.95.3-r8 are not designed to have multiple versions of GCC installed. You must therefore upgrade GCC to at least version 2.95.3-r8. This will also have the beneficial side-effect of installing the gcc-config package on your system, which can be used to switch back and forth between various installed versions of GCC.

# emerge -u gcc

You can now check to see if gcc-config is working properly:

# gcc-config --get-current-profile

This should return i686-pc-linux-gnu-2.95.3 on most x86 systems. Older systems may return i586-pc-linux-gnu-2.95.3.

Now you can install a newer version of GCC without damaging your current compiler. Look in /usr/portage/sys-devel/gcc for a version of the GCC ebuild that is at least 3.2.1-r6. Choose the highest version that is marked stable for your architecture. To see if an ebuild is considered stable for your architecture, look for the KEYWORDS line in the ebuild file. If it has your architecture listed without a ~ in front of it, it is considered stable. Assuming 3.2.2 is the most current stable version, we first need to remove the glibc dependency from gcc.

Edit /usr/portage/sys-devel/gcc/gcc-3.2.2.ebuild and search for the line containing DEPEND. Remove the glibc dependency and save the ebuild.

# vim /usr/portage/sys-devel/gcc/gcc-3.2.2.ebuild

Now install the latest GCC version on your system:

# USE="-java" emerge /usr/portage/sys-devel/gcc/gcc-3.2.2.ebuild

Now you need to change two sets of profiles: your gcc-config profile and your Portage profile.

# cd /etc/portage
# rm make.profile
(Replace "x86" with your architecture)
# ln -s ../usr/portage/profiles/default-x86-1.4 make.profile

(Note the one for the version you just emerged, use it below)
# gcc-config --list-profiles
(Replace with the version you noted above)
# gcc-config i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.2.2

Now you need to recompile your core toolchain with your new compiler. If you are continuing in the same shell, you need to run source /etc/profile as gcc-config instructed you to. Then emerge glibc and binutils using your new compiler:

# emerge glibc binutils

Now you may recompile everything on your system with your new compiler:

# emerge -e world