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<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/nvidia-guide.xml,v 1.48 2009/08/05 15:44:08 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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|
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<guide> |
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<title>Gentoo Linux nVidia Guide</title> |
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|
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="nightmorph@gentoo.org">Joshua Saddler</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="curtis119@gentoo.org">M Curtis Napier</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="wolf31o2@gentoo.org">Chris Gianelloni</mail> |
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</author> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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Many Gentooists have an nVidia chipset on their system. nVidia provides specific |
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Linux drivers to boost the performance of your card. This guide informs you how |
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to install and configure these drivers. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>1.40</version> |
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<date>2010-05-14</date> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<section> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The nVidia drivers in the tree are released by nVidia and are built against the |
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Linux kernel. They contain a binary blob that does the heavy lifting for talking |
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to the card. The drivers consist of two parts, a kernel module, and an X11 |
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driver. Both parts are included in a single package. Due to the way nVidia has |
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been packaging their drivers, you will need to make some choices before you |
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install the drivers. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The <c>nvidia-drivers</c> package contains the latest drivers from nVidia with |
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support for <e>all</e> cards, with several versions available depending on how |
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old your card is. It uses an eclass to detect what kind of card you're running |
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so that it installs the proper version. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Driver compatibility</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Which version?</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The <c>nvidia-drivers</c> package supports the full range of available nVidia |
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cards. Multiple versions are available for installation, depending on the |
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card(s) you have. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Newer cards such as the GeForce 400, 300, 200, 100, 9, 8, 7, and 6 series should |
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use the latest drivers. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Older cards such as the GeForce FX 5 series should use the 173.x drivers, such |
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as <c>nvidia-drivers-173.14.15</c>. For these cards, you should mask |
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<c>>=x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers-174.00</c> in your |
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<path>/etc/portage/package.mask</path> file. This will prevent newer versions of |
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the driver which are incompatible with your card from being installed. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Old cards such as the GeForce 3 or GeForce 4 series require the 96.x drivers. |
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For these cards, you should mask <c>>=x11-drivers/nvidia-drivers-97.00</c> in |
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your <path>/etc/portage/package.mask</path> file. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The oldest NV2x-based cards (such as TNT, TNT2, GeForce, and GeForce 2) are no |
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longer supported by <c>nvidia-drivers</c>. Instead, use an open-source driver: |
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<c>xf86-video-nouveau</c> (recommended) or <c>xf86-video-nv</c> (old, |
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deprecated). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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You can check for driver compatibility for your card at to determine which |
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driver supports it by viewing the README at its appropriate x86 or x86-64 |
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<uri link="http://www.nvidia.com/object/unix.html">release page</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Configuring your Card</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Kernel Configuration</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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As mentioned above, the nVidia kernel driver installs and runs against your |
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current kernel. It builds as a module, so it makes sense that your kernel must |
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support the loading of kernel modules. If you used <c>genkernel all</c> to |
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configure the kernel for you, then you're all set. If not, double check your |
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kernel configuration so that this support is enabled: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Enabling the Loading of Kernel Modules"> |
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Loadable module support ---> |
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[*] Enable loadable module support |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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You also need to enable <e>Memory Type Range Register</e> in your kernel: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Enabling MTRR"> |
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Processor and Features ---> |
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[*] MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> Also, if you have an AGP graphics card, you can optionally enable |
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<c>agpgart</c> support to your kernel, either compiled in or as a module. If |
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you do not use the in-kernel agpgart, then the drivers will use their own |
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<c>agpgart</c> implementation, called <c>NvAGP</c>. On certain systems, this |
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performs better than the in-kernel agpgart, and on others, it performs worse. |
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You will need to evaluate this on your own system to get the best performance. |
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If you are unsure what to do, use the in-kernel agpgart: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Enabling agpgart"> |
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Device Drivers ---> |
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Graphics Support ---> |
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-*- /dev/agpgart (AGP Support) ---> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<note> |
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On amd64, the IOMMU controls the agpgart setting. |
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</note> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Arch-specific notes</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<impo> |
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For x86 and AMD64 processors, the in-kernel driver conflicts with the binary |
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driver provided by nVidia. If you will be compiling your kernel for these CPUs, |
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you must completely remove support for the in-kernel driver as shown: |
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</impo> |
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|
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<pre caption="Remove the in-kernel driver"> |
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Device Drivers ---> |
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Graphics Support ---> |
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<*> Support for frame buffer devices ---> |
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< > nVidia Framebuffer Support |
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< > nVidia Riva support |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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A framebuffer alternative is <c>uvesafb</c>, an <uri |
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link="http://dev.gentoo.org/~spock/projects/uvesafb/">advanced |
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framebuffer</uri>. Note that you can choose to compile it into your kernel, or |
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as a module. The following example compiles uvesafb into the kernel. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Enable uvesafb support"> |
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Device Drivers ---> |
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Graphics Support ---> |
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<*> Support for frame buffer devices ---> |
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<*> Userspace VESA VGA graphics support |
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</pre> |
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|
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|
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<p> |
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Or you can try <c>VESA</c>: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Enable VESA support"> |
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Device Drivers ---> |
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Graphics Support ---> |
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<*> Support for frame buffer devices ---> |
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[*] VESA VGA graphics support |
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</pre> |
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|
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|
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<p> |
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For more information, you can look up the documentation for your chosen |
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framebuffer in <path>/usr/src/linux/Documentation/fb/</path>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Continuing with Kernel Configuration</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The <c>nvidia-drivers</c> ebuild automatically discovers your kernel version |
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based on the <path>/usr/src/linux</path> symlink. Please ensure that you have |
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this symlink pointing to the correct sources and that your kernel is correctly |
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configured. Please refer to the "Configuring the Kernel" section of the <uri |
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link="/doc/en/handbook/">Installation Handbook</uri> for details on configuring |
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your kernel. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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First, you'll need to emerge <c>eselect</c> (if you don't already have it). If |
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you are using <c>gentoo-sources-2.6.18-r4</c>, your kernel listing might look |
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something like this: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Check your /usr/src/linux symlink"> |
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# <i>eselect kernel list</i> |
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Available kernel symlink targets: |
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[1] linux-2.6.18-gentoo-r4 * |
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[2] linux-2.6.20-gentoo-r7 |
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[3] linux-2.6.20-gentoo-r8 |
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<comment>(Verify that the right kernel is marked with an asterisk</comment> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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In the above output, you'll notice that the <c>linux-2.6.18-gentoo-r4</c> kernel |
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is marked with an asterisk (<b>*</b>) to show that it is the symlinked kernel. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If the symlink is not pointing to the correct sources, you must update the link |
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by selecting the number of your desired kernel sources, as in the example |
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above. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Create/Update /usr/src/linux symlink"> |
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<comment>(Select the correct kernel)</comment> |
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# <i>eselect kernel set 1</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Installing the Appropriate Drivers</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now it's time to install the drivers. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing the nVidia drivers"> |
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# <i>emerge nvidia-drivers</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<note> |
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The drivers can be installed with the <c>gtk</c> USE flag set. This will install |
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<c>media-video/nvidia-settings</c>, a handy graphical tool for monitoring and |
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configuring several aspects of your nVidia card. |
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</note> |
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|
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<impo> |
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Every time you <uri link="/doc/en/kernel-upgrade.xml">compile a new kernel</uri> |
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or recompile the current one, you will need to run <c>emerge nvidia-drivers</c> |
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to reinstall the nVidia modules. An easier way to keep track of modules |
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installed by ebuilds (such as <c>nvidia-drivers</c>) is to install |
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<c>sys-kernel/module-rebuild</c>. Once you've installed it, simply run |
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<c>module-rebuild populate</c> to populate its database with a list of packages |
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to be rebuilt. Once you've finished compiling or recompiling a kernel, just run |
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<c>module-rebuild rebuild</c> to rebuild the drivers for your new kernel. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<p> |
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Once the installation has finished, run <c>modprobe nvidia</c> to load the |
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kernel module into memory. If this is an upgrade, you should remove the |
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previous module first. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Loading the kernel module"> |
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# <i>lsmod | grep nvidia && rmmod nvidia</i> |
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# <i>modprobe nvidia</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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To prevent you having to manually load the module on every bootup, you probably |
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want to have this done automatically each time you boot your system, so edit |
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<path>/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</path> and add <c>nvidia</c> to it. |
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Don't forget to run <c>update-modules</c> afterwards. |
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</p> |
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|
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<impo> |
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If you compiled <c>agpgart</c> as a module, you will need to add it to |
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<path>/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</path>. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<pre caption="Running update-modules"> |
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# <i>update-modules</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Configuring the X Server</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Once the appropriate drivers are installed you need to configure your X Server |
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to use the <c>nvidia</c> driver instead of the default <c>nv</c> driver. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Open <path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> with your favorite editor (such as |
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<c>nano</c> or <c>vim</c>) and go to the <c>Device</c> section. In that |
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section, change the <c>Driver</c> line: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Changing nv to nvidia in the X Server configuration"> |
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Section "Device" |
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Identifier "nVidia Inc. GeForce2" |
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<i>Driver "nvidia"</i> |
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VideoRam 65536 |
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EndSection |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Then go to the <c>Module</c> section and make sure the <c>glx</c> module gets |
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loaded while the <c>dri</c> module doesn't: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Updating the Module section"> |
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Section "Module" |
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<comment>(...)</comment> |
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<i># Load "dri" |
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Load "glx"</i> |
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<comment>(...)</comment> |
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EndSection |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Next, in section <c>Screen</c>, make sure that either the <c>DefaultDepth</c> |
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directive is set to 16 or 24, or that you only have <c>Display</c> subsections |
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with <c>Depth</c> settings of 16 or 24. Without it, the nVidia GLX extensions |
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will not start. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Updating the Screen section"> |
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Section "Screen" |
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<comment>(...)</comment> |
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<i>DefaultDepth 16</i> |
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Subsection "Display" |
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<comment>(...)</comment> |
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EndSection |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Run <c>eselect</c> so that the X Server uses the nVidia GLX libraries: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Running eselect"> |
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# <i>eselect opengl set nvidia</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Adding your Users to the video Group</title> |
| 377 |
<body> |
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|
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<p> |
| 380 |
You have to add your user to the <c>video</c> group so he has access to the |
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nVidia device files: |
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</p> |
| 383 |
|
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<pre caption="Adding your user to the video group"> |
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# <i>gpasswd -a youruser video</i> |
| 386 |
</pre> |
| 387 |
|
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<p> |
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This might not be totally necessary if you aren't using <c>udev</c> but it |
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doesn't hurt either and makes your system future-proof. |
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</p> |
| 392 |
|
| 393 |
</body> |
| 394 |
</section> |
| 395 |
<section> |
| 396 |
<title>Testing your Card</title> |
| 397 |
<body> |
| 398 |
|
| 399 |
<p> |
| 400 |
To test your nVidia card, fire up X and run <c>glxinfo</c>, which is part of the |
| 401 |
<c>mesa-progs</c> package. It should say that direct rendering is activated: |
| 402 |
</p> |
| 403 |
|
| 404 |
<pre caption="Checking the direct rendering status"> |
| 405 |
$ <i>glxinfo | grep direct</i> |
| 406 |
direct rendering: Yes |
| 407 |
</pre> |
| 408 |
|
| 409 |
<p> |
| 410 |
To monitor your FPS, run <c>glxgears</c>. |
| 411 |
</p> |
| 412 |
|
| 413 |
</body> |
| 414 |
</section> |
| 415 |
<section> |
| 416 |
<title>Enabling nvidia Support</title> |
| 417 |
<body> |
| 418 |
|
| 419 |
<p> |
| 420 |
Some tools, such as <c>mplayer</c> and <c>xine-lib</c>, use a local USE flag |
| 421 |
called <c>xvmc</c> which enables XvMCNVIDIA support, useful when watching high |
| 422 |
resolution movies. Add in <c>xvmc</c> in your USE variable in |
| 423 |
<path>/etc/make.conf</path> or add it as USE flag to <c>media-video/mplayer</c> |
| 424 |
and/or <c>media-libs/xine-lib</c> in <path>/etc/portage/package.use</path>. |
| 425 |
</p> |
| 426 |
|
| 427 |
<p> |
| 428 |
There are also some applications that use the <c>nvidia</c> USE flag, so you |
| 429 |
may want to add it to <path>/etc/make.conf</path>. |
| 430 |
</p> |
| 431 |
|
| 432 |
<p> |
| 433 |
Then, run <c>emerge -uD --newuse world</c> to rebuild the applications that |
| 434 |
benefit from the USE flag change. |
| 435 |
</p> |
| 436 |
|
| 437 |
</body> |
| 438 |
</section> |
| 439 |
<section> |
| 440 |
<title>Using NVidia Settings Tool</title> |
| 441 |
<body> |
| 442 |
|
| 443 |
<p> |
| 444 |
nVidia also provides you with a settings tool. This tool allows you to monitor |
| 445 |
and change graphical settings without restarting the X server and is available |
| 446 |
through Portage as <c>media-video/nvidia-settings</c>. As mentioned earlier, it |
| 447 |
will be pulled in automatically if you install the drivers with the <c>gtk</c> |
| 448 |
USE flag set in <path>/etc/make.conf</path> or in |
| 449 |
<path>/etc/portage/package.use</path>. |
| 450 |
</p> |
| 451 |
|
| 452 |
</body> |
| 453 |
</section> |
| 454 |
</chapter> |
| 455 |
|
| 456 |
<chapter> |
| 457 |
<title>Troubleshooting</title> |
| 458 |
<section> |
| 459 |
<title>Getting 2D to work on machines with 4Gb or more memory</title> |
| 460 |
<body> |
| 461 |
|
| 462 |
<p> |
| 463 |
If you are having troubles with the nVidia 2D acceleration it is likely that |
| 464 |
you are unable to set up a write-combining range with MTRR. To verify, check |
| 465 |
the contents of <path>/proc/mtrr</path>: |
| 466 |
</p> |
| 467 |
|
| 468 |
<pre caption="Checking if you have write-combining enabled"> |
| 469 |
# <i>cat /proc/mtrr</i> |
| 470 |
</pre> |
| 471 |
|
| 472 |
<p> |
| 473 |
Every line should contain "write-back" or "write-combining". If you see a line |
| 474 |
with "uncachable" in it you will need to change a BIOS setting to fix this. |
| 475 |
</p> |
| 476 |
|
| 477 |
<p> |
| 478 |
Reboot and enter the BIOS, then find the MTRR settings (probably under "CPU |
| 479 |
Settings"). Change the setting from "continuous" to "discrete" and boot back |
| 480 |
into Linux. You will now find out that there is no "uncachable" entry anymore |
| 481 |
and 2D acceleration now works without any glitches. |
| 482 |
</p> |
| 483 |
|
| 484 |
</body> |
| 485 |
</section> |
| 486 |
<section> |
| 487 |
<title> |
| 488 |
When I attempt to load the kernel module I receive a "no such device" |
| 489 |
</title> |
| 490 |
<body> |
| 491 |
|
| 492 |
<p> |
| 493 |
This usually occurs when you don't have a matching video card. Make sure that |
| 494 |
you have an nVidia-powered graphical card (you can double-check this using |
| 495 |
<c>lspci</c>). |
| 496 |
</p> |
| 497 |
|
| 498 |
<p> |
| 499 |
If you are confident that you have an nVidia card, check your BIOS and see if |
| 500 |
the directive <e>Assign IRQ to VGA</e> is set. |
| 501 |
</p> |
| 502 |
|
| 503 |
</body> |
| 504 |
</section> |
| 505 |
</chapter> |
| 506 |
|
| 507 |
<chapter> |
| 508 |
<title>Expert Configuration</title> |
| 509 |
<section> |
| 510 |
<title>Documentation</title> |
| 511 |
<body> |
| 512 |
|
| 513 |
<p> |
| 514 |
The nVidia driver package also comes with comprehensive documentation. This is |
| 515 |
installed into <c>/usr/share/doc</c> and can be viewed with the following |
| 516 |
command: |
| 517 |
</p> |
| 518 |
|
| 519 |
<pre caption="Viewing the NVIDIA documentation"> |
| 520 |
$ <i>less /usr/share/doc/nvidia-drivers-*/README.gz</i> |
| 521 |
</pre> |
| 522 |
|
| 523 |
</body> |
| 524 |
</section> |
| 525 |
<section> |
| 526 |
<title>Kernel module parameters</title> |
| 527 |
<body> |
| 528 |
|
| 529 |
<p> |
| 530 |
The <c>nvidia</c> kernel module accepts a number of parameters (options) which |
| 531 |
you can use to tweak the behaviour of the driver. Most of these are mentioned in |
| 532 |
the documentation. To add or change the values of these parameters, edit the |
| 533 |
file <c>/etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf</c>. Remember to run <c>update-modules</c> after |
| 534 |
modifying this file, and bear in mind that you will need to reload the |
| 535 |
<c>nvidia</c> module before the new settings take effect. |
| 536 |
</p> |
| 537 |
|
| 538 |
<pre caption="Adjusting nvidia options"> |
| 539 |
<comment>(Edit /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf in your favourite editor)</comment> |
| 540 |
# <i>nano -w /etc/modprobe.d/nvidia.conf</i> |
| 541 |
<comment>(Update module information)</comment> |
| 542 |
# <i>update-modules</i> |
| 543 |
<comment>(Unload the nvidia module...)</comment> |
| 544 |
# <i>modprobe -r nvidia</i> |
| 545 |
<comment>(...and load it once again)</comment> |
| 546 |
# <i>modprobe nvidia</i> |
| 547 |
</pre> |
| 548 |
|
| 549 |
</body> |
| 550 |
</section> |
| 551 |
<section> |
| 552 |
<title>Advanced X configuration</title> |
| 553 |
<body> |
| 554 |
|
| 555 |
<p> |
| 556 |
The GLX layer also has a plethora of options which can be configured. These |
| 557 |
control the configuration of TV out, dual displays, monitor frequency detection, |
| 558 |
etc. Again, all of the available options are detailed in the documentation. |
| 559 |
</p> |
| 560 |
|
| 561 |
<p> |
| 562 |
If you wish to use any of these options, you need to list them in the relevant |
| 563 |
Device section of your X config file (usually <c>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</c>). For |
| 564 |
example, suppose I wanted to disable the splash logo: |
| 565 |
</p> |
| 566 |
|
| 567 |
<pre caption="Advanced nvidia configuration in the X configuration"> |
| 568 |
Section "Device" |
| 569 |
Identifier "nVidia Inc. GeForce2" |
| 570 |
Driver "nvidia" |
| 571 |
<i>Option "NoLogo" "true"</i> |
| 572 |
VideoRam 65536 |
| 573 |
EndSection |
| 574 |
</pre> |
| 575 |
|
| 576 |
</body> |
| 577 |
</section> |
| 578 |
</chapter> |
| 579 |
</guide> |
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