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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/xfce-config.xml,v 1.24 2009/11/30 18:49:45 nightmorph Exp $ -->
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<guide>
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<title>The Xfce Configuration Guide</title>
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<author title="Author">
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<mail link="nightmorph"/>
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</author>
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<abstract>
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This guide provides an extensive introduction to Xfce, a fast, lightweight,
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full-featured desktop environment.
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</abstract>
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->
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<license/>
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<version>1.20</version>
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<date>2009-11-30</date>
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<chapter>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<section>
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<title>The Xfce desktop environment</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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<uri link="http://www.xfce.org">Xfce</uri> is a fast, lightweight desktop
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environment for Unix-like operating systems. It is designed for productivity,
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and is quite configurable while still adhering to the <uri
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link="http://www.freedesktop.org">Freedesktop</uri> specifications.
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</p>
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<p>
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Unlike heavier desktop environments, such as Gnome and KDE, Xfce uses far fewer
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system resources. Additionally, it offers greater modularity and fewer
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dependencies; it takes up less space on your hard disk and takes less time to
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install.
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</p>
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<p>
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This guide will not only show you how to install and configure a minimal Xfce
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environment, but will also explore options to create a full-featured desktop in
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keeping with the Xfce philosophy: light, fast, and modular.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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<chapter>
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<title>Installing Xfce</title>
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<section>
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<title>The basics</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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First, make sure you've configured Xorg as shown in the <uri
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link="/doc/en/xorg-config.xml">X Server Configuration Howto</uri>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Next, double-check your USE flags in <path>/etc/make.conf</path>; you'll
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probably at least want <c>USE="-gnome -kde -minimal -qt3 -qt4 X branding dbus
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hal jpeg lock session startup-notification thunar"</c>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Now, let's install Xfce.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Installing Xfce">
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# <i>emerge -avt xfce4-meta</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Next, add your regular user(s) to the <c>plugdev</c>, <c>cdrom</c>, <c>cdrw</c>,
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and <c>usb</c> groups, so that they can take full advantage of <c>hal</c> and be
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able to mount and use devices such as cameras, optical drives, and USB sticks.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Adding users to the hardware groups">
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<comment>(Replace username with your actual user)</comment>
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# <i>for x in plugdev cdrom cdrw usb ; do gpasswd -a username $x ; done</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Next, update your environment variables:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Updating environment variables">
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# <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now start up <c>hald</c> and add it to the default runlevel:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Starting hald">
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# <i>/etc/init.d/hald start</i>
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# <i>rc-update add hald default</i>
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</pre>
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</body>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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<chapter>
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<title>Configuring Xfce</title>
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<section>
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<title>Starting Xfce</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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Now that Xfce is now installed, we'll configure it to be the default desktop
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environment when we issue the <c>startx</c> command. Exit your root shell and
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log on as a regular user.
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</p>
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<pre caption="Setting Xfce as the default desktop environment">
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$ <i>echo "exec startxfce4" > ~/.xinitrc</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Now start your graphical environment by typing <c>startx</c>:
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</p>
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<pre caption="Starting Xfce">
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$ <i>startx</i>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Congratulations, and welcome to your new Xfce desktop environment. Go ahead,
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explore it a bit. Then continue reading to learn how you can configure Xfce to
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suit your needs.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Program access</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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You might notice right-clicking on the desktop shows you the menu of all your
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applications. It's useful, but your desktop can easily be completely obscured by
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open windows, making it hard to to launch a new program. So, one of the first
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things you may wish to do is give yourself a handy application menu on your
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panel. Right click on this panel, and choose "Add New Item". Scroll through the
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list of choices and select "Xfce Menu". You can choose where you want it to be
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displayed on your panel. When clicked, it displays the application/preferences
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menu, providing a nicely categorized list of your installed programs.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Sessions & startup</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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If you've installed (or plan to install) popular Gnome or KDE applications such
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as <c>k3b</c>, <c>nautilus</c>, <c>kmail</c>, <c>evolution</c>, etc. then you
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should make sure that Xfce launches the appropriate services for these at
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startup. Navigate to Menu --> Settings --> Sessions & Startup. On the
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"Advanced" tab, select the appropriate checkbox. This might slightly increase
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Xfce startup times, but it decreases load times for KDE and Gnome applications.
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</p>
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<p>
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Xfce has the ability to save your session settings and running programs from the
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"General" tab in the Sessions & Startup menu. They can be automatically
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saved when you logout, or Xfce can ask you each time. This feature is
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particularly useful for undoing configuration mistakes. Accidentally killed a
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panel? Just select "No" when prompted to save your current session, and the next
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time you start Xfce, your old desktop is restored. Want to automatically launch
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your open webbrowser, terminal, and email client the next time you login? Just
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save your session before logging out.
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</p>
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<p>
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You've now got a basic working environment installed and configured. But if
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you're interested in doing more, then continue reading!
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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</chapter>
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<chapter>
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<title>Additional Applications</title>
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<section>
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<title>Panel plugins</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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In this chapter, we'll discuss some useful plugins and applications for everyday
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use within Xfce.
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</p>
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<p>
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There are many plugins for the panel available in Portage; see for yourself with
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<c>emerge --search xfce</c>. Though for the most part their names are self
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explanatory, a few deserve some attention, as they are quite helpful. To use
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them, simply <c>emerge</c> them. They'll be added to the list of available items
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in the "Add New Item" menu shown when you right-click on the panel.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<c>xfce4-battery-plugin</c> is perfect for laptop users. It displays battery
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percentage, time remaining, power source (AC or battery), fan status,
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warnings, and can even be configured to execute commands at certain power
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levels. This feature can be used to put the laptop into hibernate mode when
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the battery is almost exhausted.
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</li>
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<li>
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<c>xfce4-verve-plugin</c> is a small command line embedded into the panel.
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It's quicker than opening up another terminal when you want to run a
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command.
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</li>
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<li>
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<c>xfce4-mount-plugin</c> gives you a handy method of mounting devices
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listed in <path>/etc/fstab</path> just by clicking your mouse
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</li>
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<li>
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<c>xfce4-sensors-plugin</c> lets you monitor your hardware sensors, such as
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CPU temperature, fan RPM, hard drive temp, motherboard voltage, and more
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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If you can't find what you're looking for in the plugins specifically made for
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Xfce, try searching through the list of Gnome panel applets! That's right, by
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first emerging <c>xfce4-xfapplet-plugin</c>, you can install and run any applet
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made for Gnome.
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</p>
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</body>
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</section>
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<section>
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<title>Useful programs</title>
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<body>
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<p>
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We should now <c>emerge</c> some useful applications and utilities:
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<c>xfce4-mixer</c>, <c>xfprint</c>, <c>xfce4-taskmanager</c>,
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<c>xfwm4-themes</c>, <c>orage</c>, <c>mousepad</c>, <c>x11-terms/terminal</c>,
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and <c>thunar</c>.
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</p>
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<p>
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<c>xfce4-mixer</c> is a volume control for your sound card. It can also be run
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as a panel applet, giving you fast access to playback volume. <c>xfprint</c>
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provides easy printer management and job control; it's a must if you intend to
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do any printing from your desktop. <c>xfce4-taskmanager</c> displays a list of
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all running programs, and the CPU and memory consumption each one takes up. By
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right-clicking an item, you can kill a misbehaving application, pause and
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restart it, or even alter its runtime priority, which lets you fine-tune how
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much of a demand it puts on your system's resources.
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</p>
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<p>
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<c>xfwm4-themes</c> adds several window manager themes. You may want to add a
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more full-coverage icon theme such as <c>tango-icon-theme</c> just to round out
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your desktop.
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</p>
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<p>
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<c>orage</c> is a simple, handy calendar. <c>mousepad</c> is a barebones text
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editor that starts up extremely quickly. <c>x11-terms/terminal</c> is an X11
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terminal emulator, far more configurable and useful than the barebones
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<c>xterm</c> supplied with <c>xorg-server</c>. <c>terminal</c> supports Unicode
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text, pseudo-transparency and accelerated transparency via Xfce's built-in
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compositor, all out-of-the-box. Just make sure that the default action on the
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terminal launcher of your panel runs <path>/usr/bin/Terminal</path> instead of
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xterm. Right click the launcher and choose "Properties" to change the command.
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</p>
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<p>
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<c>thunar</c> is Xfce's default graphical file manager. It's fast yet quite
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powerful, can support several plugins for even more functionality; just install
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them with <c>emerge</c>. Let's take a look:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<c>thunar-archive-plugin</c> lets you create and extract archive files using
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the right-click menu. It provides a handy <uri
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link="http://www.foo-projects.org/~benny/projects/thunar-archive-plugin">front-end</uri>
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for graphical archiving applications such as <c>xarchiver</c>,
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<c>squeeze</c>, and <c>file-roller</c>.
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</li>
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<li>
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<c>thunar-media-tags-plugin</c> lets you intelligently rename multiple media
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files at once, and lets you <uri
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link="http://thunar.xfce.org/pwiki/projects/thunar-media-tags-plugin">edit</uri>
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their information tags, such as id3 and ogg tags.
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</li>
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<li>
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<c>thunar-thumbnailers</c> lets you <uri
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link="http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/thunar-plugins/thunar-thumbnailers">preview</uri>
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certain types of files from within Thunar, such as images and fonts.
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</li>
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<li>
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<c>thunar-volman</c> automatically <uri
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link="http://foo-projects.org/~benny/projects/thunar-volman/">manages</uri>
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removable media and drives.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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Next, let's see about adding some useful but lightweight desktop applications,
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in keeping with Xfce's philosophy.
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</p>
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<p>
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Though <c>mousepad</c> is nice enough as a basic text editor, if you need a
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full-featured word processor but don't want the bloat of OpenOffice, try
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emerging <c>abiword</c>. <uri link="http://www.abisource.com">AbiWord</uri> is
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lighter, faster, and is completely interoperable with industry-standard document
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types. It can also be further extended with <c>abiword-plugins</c>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Need a nice email client/newsreader that isn't as demanding as
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<c>mozilla-thunderbird</c> or <c>evolution</c>? Try emerging <c>claws-mail</c>.
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</p>
|
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|
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<p>
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For your internet chat needs, <c>irssi</c> is an excellent, tiny, incredibly
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configurable IRC client that runs in your terminal. If you prefer a compact
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all-in-one client that handles nearly all chat protocols, you may want to
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<c>emerge pidgin</c>.
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</p>
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|
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<p>
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If you need movie and music players, look no further than <c>mplayer</c> and
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<uri link="/proj/en/desktop/sound/decibel.xml">decibel-audio-player</uri>. They
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can play most every media format available quite nicely.
|
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</p>
|
| 345 |
|
| 346 |
<p>
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| 347 |
Finally, you'll need a webbrowser. Nearly all graphical webbrowsers require more
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resources than most of your other desktop applications. Still,
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<c>mozilla-firefox</c> (or <c>mozilla-firefox-bin</c>) is always a good choice.
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Alternatively, you may find <c>opera</c> to be quite fast. However, <c>opera</c>
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is not available on as many processor architectures as <c>mozilla-firefox</c>,
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and it has more dependencies unless you override them with a USE flag.
|
| 353 |
</p>
|
| 354 |
|
| 355 |
<pre caption="Adding a webbrowser">
|
| 356 |
<comment>(Installing Mozilla Firefox)</comment>
|
| 357 |
# <i>emerge mozilla-firefox</i>
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<comment>(Installing Opera)</comment>
|
| 359 |
# <i>echo "www-client/opera qt-static" >> /etc/portage/package.use</i>
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| 360 |
# <i>emerge opera</i>
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| 361 |
</pre>
|
| 362 |
|
| 363 |
<p>
|
| 364 |
Now that we've explored some good suggestions for rounding out your desktop
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| 365 |
applications, let's see what else we can do to enhance your Xfce experience.
|
| 366 |
</p>
|
| 367 |
|
| 368 |
</body>
|
| 369 |
</section>
|
| 370 |
<section>
|
| 371 |
<title>Graphical login</title>
|
| 372 |
<body>
|
| 373 |
|
| 374 |
<p>
|
| 375 |
Remember when we added <c>startxfce4</c> to our <path>~/.xinitrc</path>? All you
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have to do to get into your desktop is type <c>startx</c> after logging in. This
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| 377 |
is fine if you prefer a completely text-based boot and login, but let's use a
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| 378 |
display manager that will automatically start Xfce after booting (so that you
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| 379 |
can login graphically).
|
| 380 |
</p>
|
| 381 |
|
| 382 |
<p>
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| 383 |
First, let's make sure Xfce loads at boot:
|
| 384 |
</p>
|
| 385 |
|
| 386 |
<pre caption="Adding xdm to the default runlevel">
|
| 387 |
# <i>rc-update add xdm default</i>
|
| 388 |
</pre>
|
| 389 |
|
| 390 |
<p>
|
| 391 |
We aren't quite finished yet. We have to pick a display manager and set the
|
| 392 |
appropriate variable. Though there are a few choices available in Portage, for
|
| 393 |
this guide, we'll stick with <uri link="http://slim.berlios.de">SLiM</uri>, the
|
| 394 |
Simple Login Manager.
|
| 395 |
</p>
|
| 396 |
|
| 397 |
<p>
|
| 398 |
<c>slim</c> is speedy and lightweight, with minimal dependencies. Perfect for
|
| 399 |
Xfce!
|
| 400 |
</p>
|
| 401 |
|
| 402 |
<pre caption="Installing SLiM">
|
| 403 |
# <i>emerge -avt slim</i>
|
| 404 |
</pre>
|
| 405 |
|
| 406 |
<note>
|
| 407 |
The <c>branding</c> USE flag will pull in the <c>slim-themes</c> package, which
|
| 408 |
will give you an assortment of login themes, including a Gentoo Linux theme.
|
| 409 |
</note>
|
| 410 |
|
| 411 |
<p>
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| 412 |
Then edit the DISPLAYMANAGER variable in <path>/etc/conf.d/xdm</path>:
|
| 413 |
</p>
|
| 414 |
|
| 415 |
<pre caption="Editing /etc/conf.d/xdm">
|
| 416 |
DISPLAYMANAGER="slim"
|
| 417 |
</pre>
|
| 418 |
|
| 419 |
<p>
|
| 420 |
SLiM can automatically start your Xfce session if you add
|
| 421 |
<c>XSESSION="Xfce4"</c> to <path>/etc/env.d/90xsession</path>:
|
| 422 |
</p>
|
| 423 |
|
| 424 |
<pre caption="Setting XSESSION">
|
| 425 |
# <i>echo XSESSION=\"Xfce4\" > /etc/env.d/90xsession</i>
|
| 426 |
# <i>env-update && source /etc/profile</i>
|
| 427 |
</pre>
|
| 428 |
|
| 429 |
</body>
|
| 430 |
</section>
|
| 431 |
<section>
|
| 432 |
<title>Beautifying your desktop</title>
|
| 433 |
<body>
|
| 434 |
|
| 435 |
<p>
|
| 436 |
A little customization of your desktop's appearance can go a long way. Xfce has
|
| 437 |
all the options you'd expect from a modern desktop environment, font
|
| 438 |
antialiasing settings, color schemes, dozens of window decorations, themes, and
|
| 439 |
more. If these aren't enough, it's easy to install third-party themes, icon
|
| 440 |
sets, mouse cursor themes, and wallpapers.
|
| 441 |
</p>
|
| 442 |
|
| 443 |
<p>
|
| 444 |
A selection of nice Gentoo wallpapers in a variety of resolutions are hosted on
|
| 445 |
the <uri link="/main/en/graphics.xml">Gentoo website</uri>. If you're looking
|
| 446 |
for icon sets and complete Xfce themes, <uri
|
| 447 |
link="http://www.xfce-look.org/">Xfce-Look</uri> has a huge collection. The
|
| 448 |
important thing to remember about any third-party eyecandy you download is that
|
| 449 |
it will usually first need to be unpacked and then installed to the proper
|
| 450 |
directory. Icon sets go in <path>/usr/share/icons/</path>, and themes go to
|
| 451 |
<path>/usr/share/themes/</path>; use these directories when you want all users
|
| 452 |
to be able to access themes and icon sets. Individual users can install themes
|
| 453 |
and icon sets to <path>~/.themes/</path> and <path>~/.icons/</path>.
|
| 454 |
</p>
|
| 455 |
|
| 456 |
<p>
|
| 457 |
If you installed SLiM as your display manager, there are lots of themes in the
|
| 458 |
<c>slim-themes</c> package available in Portage. Also, be sure to check the SLiM
|
| 459 |
<uri link="http://slim.berlios.de/themes01.php">themes page</uri> for more
|
| 460 |
themes. Creating your own SLiM theme is fairly easy; just read the <uri
|
| 461 |
link="http://slim.berlios.de/themes_howto.php">Themes HowTo</uri>. Gentoo also
|
| 462 |
ships a <c>slim-themes</c> package that you can <c>emerge</c>.
|
| 463 |
</p>
|
| 464 |
|
| 465 |
<p>
|
| 466 |
Finally, Xfce has its own built-in compositor to manage window transparency.
|
| 467 |
This option can be found in Menu --> Settings --> Window Manager. For best
|
| 468 |
performance, you will need to be running a graphics card with drivers that
|
| 469 |
support hardware-accelerated rendering. Make sure you emerged <c>xfwm4</c> with
|
| 470 |
the <c>xcomposite</c> USE flag. Next, you will need to enable compositing in
|
| 471 |
<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> by adding the following section:
|
| 472 |
</p>
|
| 473 |
|
| 474 |
<pre caption="Enabling composite in xorg.conf">
|
| 475 |
Section "Extensions"
|
| 476 |
Option "Composite" "Enable"
|
| 477 |
EndSection
|
| 478 |
</pre>
|
| 479 |
|
| 480 |
<p>
|
| 481 |
This is the bare minimum configuration required for Xfce and Xorg-X11. However,
|
| 482 |
setting up hardware-accelerated rendering depends on your individual graphics
|
| 483 |
card, and is beyond the scope of this guide. Please see the other guides in the
|
| 484 |
<uri link="/doc/en/index.xml?catid=desktop">Desktop Documentation
|
| 485 |
Resources</uri> list to learn about configuring hardware-accelerated rendering
|
| 486 |
for your graphics card.
|
| 487 |
</p>
|
| 488 |
|
| 489 |
<p>
|
| 490 |
Once you've finished setting up a beautiful Xfce desktop, the next thing to do
|
| 491 |
is take a picture of it to share with other folks! Just install
|
| 492 |
<c>xfce4-screenshooter</c> and post your pictures somewhere for all to admire.
|
| 493 |
</p>
|
| 494 |
|
| 495 |
</body>
|
| 496 |
</section>
|
| 497 |
</chapter>
|
| 498 |
|
| 499 |
<chapter>
|
| 500 |
<title>Summary</title>
|
| 501 |
<section>
|
| 502 |
<body>
|
| 503 |
|
| 504 |
<p>
|
| 505 |
Congratulations on making it this far! You've installed and configured a speedy
|
| 506 |
desktop environment with a solid suite of applications for your computing
|
| 507 |
needs.
|
| 508 |
</p>
|
| 509 |
|
| 510 |
</body>
|
| 511 |
</section>
|
| 512 |
<section>
|
| 513 |
<title>Resources</title>
|
| 514 |
<body>
|
| 515 |
|
| 516 |
<p>
|
| 517 |
Need additional help on configuring and using Xfce? Need more lightweight
|
| 518 |
application suggestions? Try checking out:
|
| 519 |
</p>
|
| 520 |
|
| 521 |
<ul>
|
| 522 |
<li><uri link="http://forums.gentoo.org">The Gentoo forums</uri></li>
|
| 523 |
<li>#xfce on irc.freenode.net</li>
|
| 524 |
<li>
|
| 525 |
The installed help files and other documentation provided by Xfce:
|
| 526 |
<path>/usr/share/xfce4/doc/C/index.html</path>. Just point your browser at
|
| 527 |
it and start reading. There are even a lot of "hidden" configuration options
|
| 528 |
detailed in the help files.
|
| 529 |
</li>
|
| 530 |
<li><uri link="http://www.xfce.org">Xfce's home page</uri></li>
|
| 531 |
</ul>
|
| 532 |
|
| 533 |
</body>
|
| 534 |
</section>
|
| 535 |
</chapter>
|
| 536 |
</guide>
|
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Revision Log