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1	<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>	1	<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
2	<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">	2	<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
3	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/xorg-config.xml,v 1.39 2010/05/23 21:31:50 nightmorph Exp $ -->	3	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/xorg-config.xml,v 1.40 2010/08/29 03:39:55 nightmorph Exp $ -->
4		4
5	<guide>	5	<guide>
6	<title>The X Server Configuration HOWTO</title>	6	<title>The X Server Configuration HOWTO</title>
7		7
8	<author title="Author">	8	<author title="Author">
…		…
20		20
21	<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->	21	<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
22	<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->	22	<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->
23	<license/>	23	<license/>
24		24
25	<version>1.29</version>	25	<version>2</version>
26	<date>2010-05-23</date>	26	<date>2010-08-28</date>
27		27
28	<chapter>	28	<chapter>
29	<title>What is the X Window Server?</title>	29	<title>What is the X Window Server?</title>
30	<section>	30	<section>
31	<title>Graphical vs Command-Line</title>	31	<title>Graphical vs Command-Line</title>
32	<body>	32	<body>
33		33
34	<p>	34	<p>
35	The average user may be frightened at the thought of having to type in commands.	35	The average user may be frightened at the thought of having to type in commands.
36	Why wouldn't he be able to point and click his way through the freedom provided	36	Why wouldn't he be able to point and click his way through the freedom provided
37	by Gentoo (and Linux in general)? Well, big smile, of course you are able to	37	by Gentoo (and Linux in general)? Well, of course you are able to
38	do this. :-) Linux offers a wide variety of flashy user interfaces and	38	do this! Linux offers a wide variety of flashy user interfaces and
39	environments which you can install on top of your existing installation.	39	environments which you can install on top of your existing installation.
40	</p>	40	</p>
41		41
42	<p>	42	<p>
43	This is one of the biggest surprises new users come across: a graphical user	43	This is one of the biggest surprises new users come across: a graphical user
…		…
86	</chapter>	86	</chapter>
87		87
88	<chapter>	88	<chapter>
89	<title>Installing Xorg</title>	89	<title>Installing Xorg</title>
90	<section>	90	<section>
91	<title>Kernel configuration</title>	91	<body>
		92
		93	<p>
		94	Before you can install Xorg, you need to prepare your system for it. First,
		95	we'll set up the kernel to support input devices and video cards. Then we'll
		96	prepare <path>/etc/make.conf</path> so that the right drivers and Xorg packages
		97	are built and installed.
		98	</p>
		99
		100	</body>
		101	</section>
		102	<section>
		103	<title>Input driver support</title>
92	<body>	104	<body>
93		105
94	<p>	106	<p>
95	By default, Xorg uses <c>evdev</c>, a generic input driver. You'll need to	107	By default, Xorg uses <c>evdev</c>, a generic input driver. You'll need to
96	activate support for <c>evdev</c> by making a change to your kernel	108	activate support for <c>evdev</c> by making a change to your kernel
97	configuration. (Read the	109	configuration. Read the <uri link="/doc/en/kernel-config.xml">Kernel
98	<uri link="/doc/en/kernel-config.xml">Kernel Configuration Guide</uri> if you	110	Configuration Guide</uri> if you don't know how to setup your kernel.
99	don't know how to setup your kernel.)
100	</p>	111	</p>
101		112
102	<pre caption="Enabling evdev in the kernel">	113	<pre caption="Enabling evdev in the kernel">
103	Device Drivers --->	114	Device Drivers --->
104	Input device support --->	115	Input device support --->
…		…
106	</pre>	117	</pre>
107		118
108	</body>	119	</body>
109	</section>	120	</section>
110	<section>	121	<section>
		122	<title>Kernel modesetting</title>
		123	<body>
		124
		125	<p>
		126	Modern open-source video drivers rely on kernel modesetting (KMS). KMS provides
		127	an improved graphical boot with less flickering, faster user switching, a
		128	built-in framebuffer console, seamless switching from the console to Xorg, and
		129	other features. KMS conflicts with legacy framebuffer drivers, which must remain
		130	<b>disabled</b> in your kernel configuration.
		131	</p>
		132
		133	<p>
		134	First, prepare your kernel for KMS. You need to do this step regardless of which
		135	Xorg video driver you're using.
		136	</p>
		137
		138	<pre caption="Configuring framebuffers">
		139	Device Drivers --->
		140	Graphics support --->
		141	Support for frame buffer devices --->
		142	<comment>(Disable all drivers, including VGA, Intel, nVidia, and ATI)</comment>
		143
		144	<comment>(Further down, enable basic console support. KMS uses this.)</comment>
		145	Console display driver support --->
		146	<*> Framebuffer Console Support
		147	</pre>
		148
		149	<p>
		150	Next, configure your kernel to use the proper KMS driver for your video card.
		151	Intel, nVidia, and ATI are the most common cards, so follow code listing for
		152	your card below.
		153	</p>
		154
		155	<p>
		156	For Intel cards:
		157	</p>
		158
		159	<pre caption="Intel settings">
		160	Device Drivers --->
		161	Graphics support --->
		162	/dev/agpgart (AGP Support) --->
		163	<*> Intel 440LX/BX/GX, I8xx and E7x05 chipset support
		164	Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) --->
		165	<*> Intel 830M, 845G, 852GM, 855GM, 865G (i915 driver)
		166	i915 driver
		167	[*] Enable modesetting on intel by default
		168	</pre>
		169
		170	<p>
		171	For nVidia cards:
		172	</p>
		173
		174	<pre caption="nVidia settings">
		175	<comment>(Enable DRM)</comment>
		176	Device Drivers --->
		177	Graphics support --->
		178	<*> Direct Rendering Manager --->
		179
		180	<comment>(Nouveau is currently in the Staging drivers section)</comment>
		181	Device Drivers --->
		182	Staging drivers --->
		183	[ ] Exclude Staging drivers from being built
		184	<*> Nouveau (nVidia) cards
		185	</pre>
		186
		187	<p>
		188	For newer ATI cards (<uri link="/doc/en/ati-faq.xml">RadeonHD 2000 and
		189	up</uri>), you will need to emerge <c>radeon-ucode</c>. Once you have installed
		190	<c>radeon-ucode</c>, configure your kernel as shown:
		191	</p>
		192
		193	<pre caption="ATI settings">
		194	<comment>(Setup the kernel to use the radeon-ucode firmware)</comment>
		195	Device Drivers --->
		196	Generic Driver Options --->
		197	[*] Include in-kernel firmware blobs in kernel binary
		198	<comment># RadeonHD 2000, 3000, and 4000 series cards:</comment>
		199	(radeon/R600_rlc.bin radeon/R700_rlc.bin) External firmware blobs
		200	<comment># RadeonHD 5000, a.k.a Evergreen, and newer cards:</comment>
		201	(radeon/CEDAR_me.bin radeon/CEDAR_pfp.bin radeon/CEDAR_rlc.bin
		202	radeon/CYPRESS_me.bin radeon/CYPRESS_pfp.bin radeon/CYPRESS_rlc.bin
		203	radeon/JUNIPER_me.bin radeon/JUNIPER_pfp.bin radeon/JUNIPER_rlc.bin
		204	radeon/REDWOOD_me.bin radeon/REDWOOD_pfp.bin
		205	radeon/REDWOOD_rlc.bin) External firmware blobs
		206	(/lib/firmware/) Firmware blobs root directory
		207
		208	<comment>(Enable Radeon KMS support)</comment>
		209	Device Drivers --->
		210	Graphics support --->
		211	<*> Direct Rendering Manager --->
		212	<*> ATI Radeon
		213	[*] Enable modesetting on radeon by default
		214	</pre>
		215
		216	<note>
		217	Old Radeon cards (X1900 series and older) don't need the <c>radeon-ucode</c>
		218	package or any firmware configuration. Just enable the Direct Rendering Manager
		219	and ATI Radeon modesetting.
		220	</note>
		221
		222	<p>
		223	Now that you're done setting up KMS, continue with preparing
		224	<path>/etc/make.conf</path> in the next section.
		225	</p>
		226
		227	</body>
		228	</section>
		229	<section>
111	<title>make.conf configuration</title>	230	<title>make.conf configuration</title>
112	<body>	231	<body>
113		232
114	<p>	233	<p>
115	Before you install Xorg, you have to configure two important variables in the	234	Now that your kernel is prepared, you have to configure two important variables
116	<path>/etc/make.conf</path> file.	235	in the <path>/etc/make.conf</path> file before you can install Xorg.
117	</p>	236	</p>
118		237
119	<p>	238	<p>
120	The first variable is <c>VIDEO_CARDS</c>. This is used to set the video drivers	239	The first variable is <c>VIDEO_CARDS</c>. This is used to set the video drivers
121	that you intend to use and is usually based on the kind and brand of card you	240	that you intend to use and is usually based on the kind of video card you have.
122	have. The most common settings are <c>nvidia</c> for Nvidia cards or	241	The most common settings are <c>nouveau</c> for nVidia cards or <c>radeon</c>
123	<c>fglrx</c> for ATI Radeon cards. Those are the proprietary drivers from Nvidia	242	for ATI cards. Both have actively developed, well-supported open-source
124	and ATI respectively. If you would like to use the open source nVidia driver,	243	drivers.
125	use <c>nv</c> rather than <c>nvidia</c> in the variable, but bear in mind that	244	</p>
126	using this driver means no 3D acceleration at all. The free <c>radeon</c> and	245
127	<c>radeonhd</c> drivers are available for ATI cards, and are more or less the	246	<note>
128	equal of the proprietary <c>fglrx</c> driver. The <c>intel</c> driver may be	247	You may also try the proprietary drivers from nVidia and ATI, <c>nvidia</c> and
129	used for desktops or laptops with common Intel integrated graphics chipsets.	248	<c>fglrx</c> respectively. However, setting up the proprietary drivers is
130	<c>VIDEO_CARDS</c> may contain more than one driver, in this case list of them	249	beyond the scope of this guide. Please read the <uri
131	should be separated with spaces.	250	link="/doc/en/nvidia-guide.xml">Gentoo Linux nVidia Guide</uri> and <uri
		251	link="/doc/en/ati-faq.xml">Gentoo Linux ATI FAQ</uri>. If you don't know which
		252	drivers you should choose, refer to these guides for more information.
		253	</note>
		254
132	</p>	255	<p>
		256	The <c>intel</c> driver may be used for desktops or laptops with common Intel
		257	integrated graphics chipsets.
		258	</p>
		259
		260	<note>
		261	<c>VIDEO_CARDS</c> may contain more than one driver, each separated with a
		262	space.
		263	</note>
133		264
134	<p>	265	<p>
135	The second variable is <c>INPUT_DEVICES</c> and is used to determine which	266	The second variable is <c>INPUT_DEVICES</c> and is used to determine which
136	drivers are to be built for input devices. In most cases setting it to	267	drivers are to be built for input devices. In most cases setting it to
137	<c>evdev</c> should work just fine. If you use alternative input	268	<c>evdev</c> should work just fine. If you use alternative input
…		…
145	</p>	276	</p>
146		277
147	<pre caption="Sample make.conf entries">	278	<pre caption="Sample make.conf entries">
148	<comment>(For mouse, keyboard, and Synaptics touchpad support)</comment>	279	<comment>(For mouse, keyboard, and Synaptics touchpad support)</comment>
149	INPUT_DEVICES="evdev synaptics"	280	INPUT_DEVICES="evdev synaptics"
150	<comment>(For Nvidia cards)</comment>	281	<comment>(For nVidia cards)</comment>
151	VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"	282	VIDEO_CARDS="nouveau"
152	<comment>(OR, for ATI Radeon cards)</comment>	283	<comment>(OR, for ATI Radeon cards)</comment>
153	VIDEO_CARDS="radeon"	284	VIDEO_CARDS="radeon"
154	</pre>	285	</pre>
155		286
156	<note>
157	More instructions on how to configure nVidia and ATI cards can be found in the
158	<uri link="/doc/en/nvidia-guide.xml">Gentoo Linux nVidia Guide</uri> and in the
159	<uri link="/doc/en/ati-faq.xml">Gentoo Linux ATI FAQ</uri>. If you don't know
160	which drivers you should choose, refer to these guides for more information.
161	</note>
162
163	<p>	287	<p>
164	If the suggested settings don't work for you, you should run <c>emerge -pv	288	If the suggested settings don't work for you, you should run <c>emerge -pv
165	xorg-server</c>, check all the options available and choose those which apply to	289	xorg-drivers</c>, check all the options available and choose those which apply to
166	your system. This example is for a system with a keyboard, mouse, Synaptics	290	your system. This example is for a system with a keyboard, mouse, Synaptics
167	touchpad, and a Radeon video card.	291	touchpad, and a Radeon video card.
168	</p>	292	</p>
169		293
170	<pre caption="Displaying all the driver options available">	294	<pre caption="Displaying all the driver options available">
171	# <i>emerge -pv xorg-server</i>	295	# <i>emerge -pv xorg-drivers</i>
172		296
173	These are the packages that would be merged, in order:	297	These are the packages that would be merged, in order:
174		298
175	Calculating dependencies... done!	299	Calculating dependencies... done!
176	[ebuild R ] x11-base/xorg-server-1.6.3.901-r2 USE="hal nptl xorg -debug
177	-dmx -ipv6 -kdrive -minimal -sdl -tslib" 0 kB
178	[ebuild R ] x11-base/xorg-drivers-1.6 INPUT_DEVICES="evdev synaptics	300	[ebuild R ] x11-base/xorg-drivers-1.8 INPUT_DEVICES="evdev synaptics
179	-acecad -aiptek -citron -elographics -fpit -hyperpen -joystick -keyboard -mouse	301	-acecad -aiptek -elographics% -fpit% -joystick -keyboard -mouse -penmount -tslib
180	-mutouch -penmount -tslib -virtualbox -vmmouse -void -wacom"	302	-virtualbox -vmmouse -void -wacom"
181	VIDEO_CARDS="radeon -apm -ark -ast -chips -cirrus -dummy -epson -fbdev -fglrx	303	VIDEO_CARDS="radeon -apm -ark -ast -chips -cirrus -dummy -epson -fbdev -fglrx
182	(-geode) -glint -i128 (-i740) (-impact) (-imstt) -intel -mach64 -mga -neomagic	304	(-geode) -glint -i128 (-i740) (-impact) -intel -mach64 -mga -neomagic (-newport)
183	(-newport) -nv -nvidia -r128 -radeonhd -rendition -s3 -s3virge -savage	305	-nouveau -nv -nvidia -r128 -radeonhd -rendition -s3 -s3virge -savage
184	-siliconmotion -sis -sisusb (-sunbw2) (-suncg14) (-suncg3) (-suncg6) (-sunffb)	306	-siliconmotion -sis -sisusb (-sunbw2) (-suncg14) (-suncg3) (-suncg6) (-sunffb)
185	(-sunleo) (-suntcx) -tdfx -tga -trident -tseng -v4l (-vermilion) -vesa -via	307	(-sunleo) (-suntcx) -tdfx -tga -trident -tseng -v4l -vesa -via -virtualbox
186	-virtualbox -vmware (-voodoo) (-xgi)" 0 kB	308	-vmware (-voodoo) (-xgi)" 0 kB
187	</pre>	309	</pre>
188		310
189	<p>	311	<p>
190	After setting all the necessary variables you can install the Xorg package.	312	After setting all the necessary variables you can install the Xorg package.
191	</p>	313	</p>
…		…
235	<section id="using_hal">	357	<section id="using_hal">
236	<title>Using HAL</title>	358	<title>Using HAL</title>
237	<body>	359	<body>
238		360
239	<p>	361	<p>
240	Recent X server versions are designed to work out-of-the-box, with no need to	362	The X server is designed to work out-of-the-box, with no need to manually edit
241	manually edit Xorg's configuration files.	363	Xorg's configuration files.
242	</p>	364	</p>
243		365
244	<p>	366	<p>
245	You should first try <uri link="#using_startx">starting X</uri> without creating	367	You should first try <uri link="#using_startx">starting X</uri> without creating
246	<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path>.	368	<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path>.
…		…
430	<title>Using startx</title>	552	<title>Using startx</title>
431	<body>	553	<body>
432		554
433	<p>	555	<p>
434	Now try <c>startx</c> to start up your X server. <c>startx</c> is a script	556	Now try <c>startx</c> to start up your X server. <c>startx</c> is a script
435	that executes an <e>X session</e>, that is, it starts the X servers and some	557	that executes an <e>X session</e>, that is, it starts the X server and some
436	graphical applications on top of it. It decides which applications to run	558	graphical applications on top of it. It decides which applications to run
437	using the following logic:	559	using the following logic:
438	</p>	560	</p>
439		561
440	<ul>	562	<ul>
…		…
444	</li>	566	</li>
445	<li>	567	<li>
446	Otherwise, it will read the value of the XSESSION variable and will execute	568	Otherwise, it will read the value of the XSESSION variable and will execute
447	one of the sessions available in <path>/etc/X11/Sessions/</path>	569	one of the sessions available in <path>/etc/X11/Sessions/</path>
448	accordingly. You can set the value of XSESSION in	570	accordingly. You can set the value of XSESSION in
449	<path>/etc/env.d/90xsession</path> to make it a default for all the users on	571	<path>/etc/env.d/90xsession</path> to make it a default for all the users
450	the system. For example, as root, run <c>echo XSESSION="Xfce4" >	572	on the system. For example, as root, run <c>echo XSESSION="Xfce4" >
451	/etc/env.d/90xsession</c>. This will create the <path>90xsession</path> file	573	/etc/env.d/90xsession</c>. This will create the <path>90xsession</path> file
452	and set the default X session to Xfce4.	574	and set the default X session to <uri
		575	link="/doc/en/xfce-config.xml">Xfce</uri>.
453	</li>	576	</li>
454	</ul>	577	</ul>
455		578
456	<pre caption="Starting X">	579	<pre caption="Starting X">
457	$ <i>startx</i>	580	$ <i>startx</i>
458	</pre>	581	</pre>
459		582
460	<p>	583	<p>
461	You can kill the X session by using the Ctrl-Alt-Backspace combination. This	584	You can kill the X session by using the Ctrl-Alt-Backspace key combination. This
462	will, however, make X exit disgracefully -- something that you might not always	585	will, however, make X exit disgracefully -- something that you might not always
463	want.	586	want.
464	</p>	587	</p>
465		588
466	<p>	589	<p>
…		…
510	incorrect values lead to out-of-sync errors at best and smoked up screens at	633	incorrect values lead to out-of-sync errors at best and smoked up screens at
511	worst.	634	worst.
512	</warn>	635	</warn>
513		636
514	<p>	637	<p>
515	Now let us change the resolutions. In the next example from	638	Now let us change the resolution. In the next example from
516	<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> we add the <c>Modes</c> lines and the	639	<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> we add the <c>PreferredMode</c> line so that our
517	<c>DefaultDepth</c> so that our X server starts with 24 bits at 1440x900 by	640	X server starts at 1440x900 by default. Don't mind the given strings -- they are
518	default. Don't mind the given strings -- they are examples and will most likely	641	examples and will most likely differ from the settings on your system. However,
519	differ from the settings on your system.	642	the <c>Option</c> in the <c>Device</c> section must match the name of your
		643	monitor (<c>DVI-0</c>), which can be obtained by running <c>xrandr</c>. You'll
		644	need to <c>emerge xrandr</c> just long enough to get this information. The
		645	argument after the monitor name (in the <c>Device</c> section) must match the
		646	<c>Identifier</c> in the <c>Monitor</c> section.
520	</p>	647	</p>
521		648
522	<pre caption="Changing the Screen section in /etc/X11/xorg.conf">	649	<pre caption="Changing the Monitor section in /etc/X11/xorg.conf">
523	Section "Screen"	650	Section "Device"
524	Identifier "Default Screen"
525	Device "RadeonHD 4550"	651	Identifier "RadeonHD 4550"
526	Monitor "Generic Monitor"	652	Option "Monitor-DVI-0" "DVI screen"
527	<i>DefaultDepth 24</i>
528	<comment># Skipping some text to improve readability</comment>
529	SubSection "Display"
530	Depth 24
531	<i>Modes "1440x900"</i>
532	EndSubSection	653	EndSection
		654	Section "Monitor"
		655	Identifier "DVI screen"
		656	Option "PreferredMode" "1440x900"
533	EndSection	657	EndSection
534	</pre>	658	</pre>
535		659
536	<p>	660	<p>
537	Run X (<c>startx</c>) to discover it uses the resolution you want.	661	Run X (<c>startx</c>) to discover it uses the resolution you want.
…		…
571	<body>	695	<body>
572		696
573	<p>	697	<p>
574	Run <c>startx</c> and be happy about the result. Congratulations, you now	698	Run <c>startx</c> and be happy about the result. Congratulations, you now
575	(hopefully) have a working Xorg on your system. The next step is to install a	699	(hopefully) have a working Xorg on your system. The next step is to install a
576	useful window manager (or even a desktop environment) such as KDE or GNOME, but	700	useful window manager or desktop environment such as KDE, GNOME, or
577	that's not part of this guide.	701	Xfce, but that's not part of this guide.
578	</p>	702	</p>
579		703
580	</body>	704	</body>
581	</section>	705	</section>
582	</chapter>	706	</chapter>
…		…
623	link="/doc/en/?catid=desktop">Gentoo Desktop Documentation Resources</uri>	747	link="/doc/en/?catid=desktop">Gentoo Desktop Documentation Resources</uri>
624	section of our documentation.	748	section of our documentation.
625	</p>	749	</p>
626		750
627	<p>	751	<p>
628	If you're upgrading to xorg-server-1.6 from an earlier version, then be sure to	752	If you're upgrading to <c>xorg-server</c> 1.8 from an earlier version, then be
629	read the <uri	753	sure to read the <uri
630	link="/proj/en/desktop/x/x11/xorg-server-1.6-upgrade-guide.xml">migration	754	link="/proj/en/desktop/x/x11/xorg-server-1.8-upgrade-guide.xml">migration
631	guide</uri>.	755	guide</uri>.
632	</p>	756	</p>
633		757
634	</body>	758	</body>
635	</section>	759	</section>

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