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1	<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>	1	<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
2
3	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/xorg-config.xml,v 1.8 2005/02/14 09:26:19 swift Exp $ -->
4
5	<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">	2	<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd">
		3	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/xorg-config.xml,v 1.31 2009/10/02 07:37:57 nightmorph Exp $ -->
6		4
7	<guide link="xorg-config.xml">	5	<guide link="/doc/en/xorg-config.xml">
8
9	<title>The X Server Configuration HOWTO</title>	6	<title>The X Server Configuration HOWTO</title>
10		7
11	<author title="Author">	8	<author title="Author">
12	<mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail>	9	<mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail>
13	</author>	10	</author>
		11	<author title="Author">
		12	<mail link="nightmorph"/>
		13	</author>
14		14
15	<abstract>	15	<abstract>
16	Xorg is the X Window server which allows users to have a graphical	16	Xorg is the X Window server which allows users to have a graphical
17	environment at their fingertips. This HOWTO explains what Xorg is, how to	17	environment at their fingertips. This HOWTO explains what Xorg is, how to
18	install it and what the various configuration options are.	18	install it and what the various configuration options are.
19	</abstract>	19	</abstract>
20		20
21	<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->	21	<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
22	<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0 -->	22	<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->
23	<license/>	23	<license/>
24		24
25	<version>1.7</version>	25	<version>1.22</version>
26	<date>2005-02-07</date>	26	<date>2009-10-02</date>
27		27
28	<chapter>	28	<chapter>
29	<title>What is the X Window Server?</title>	29	<title>What is the X Window Server?</title>
30	<section>	30	<section>
31	<title>Graphical vs Command-Line</title>	31	<title>Graphical vs Command-Line</title>
…		…
33		33
34	<p>	34	<p>
35	The average user may be frightened at the thought of having to type in commands.	35	The average user may be frightened at the thought of having to type in commands.
36	Why wouldn't he be able to point and click his way through the freedom provided	36	Why wouldn't he be able to point and click his way through the freedom provided
37	by Gentoo (and Linux in general)? Well, big smile, of course you are able to	37	by Gentoo (and Linux in general)? Well, big smile, of course you are able to
38	do this :-) Linux offers a wide variety of flashy user interfaces and	38	do this. :-) Linux offers a wide variety of flashy user interfaces and
39	environments which you can install on top of your existing installation.	39	environments which you can install on top of your existing installation.
40	</p>	40	</p>
41		41
42	<p>	42	<p>
43	This is one of the biggest surprises new users come across: a graphical user	43	This is one of the biggest surprises new users come across: a graphical user
…		…
46	a powerful tool that fully enables the graphical abilities of your workstation.	46	a powerful tool that fully enables the graphical abilities of your workstation.
47	</p>	47	</p>
48		48
49	<p>	49	<p>
50	As standards are important, a standard for drawing and moving windows on a	50	As standards are important, a standard for drawing and moving windows on a
51	screen, interacting with the user through mouse and keyboard and other basic yet	51	screen, interacting with the user through mouse, keyboard and other basic, yet
52	important aspects has been created and named the <e>X Window System</e>,	52	important aspects has been created and named the <e>X Window System</e>,
53	commonly abbreviated as <e>X11</e> or just <e>X</e>. It is used on Unix, Linux	53	commonly abbreviated as <e>X11</e> or just <e>X</e>. It is used on Unix, Linux
54	and Unix-like operating systems throughout the world.	54	and Unix-like operating systems throughout the world.
55	</p>	55	</p>
56		56
57	<p>	57	<p>
58	The application that provides Linux users with the ability to run graphical	58	The application that provides Linux users with the ability to run graphical
59	user interfaces and that uses the X11 standard is Xorg-X11, a fork of	59	user interfaces and that uses the X11 standard is Xorg-X11, a fork of
60	the XFree86 project. XFree86 has decided to use a license that might not be	60	the XFree86 project. XFree86 has decided to use a license that might not be
61	compatible with the GPL license; the use of Xorg is therefore recommended.	61	compatible with the GPL license; the use of Xorg is therefore recommended.
62	The official Portage tree does not provide an XFree86 package anymore.	62	The official Portage tree does not provide an XFree86 package anymore.
63	</p>	63	</p>
64		64
65	</body>	65	</body>
66	</section>	66	</section>
…		…
68	<title>The X.org Project</title>	68	<title>The X.org Project</title>
69	<body>	69	<body>
70		70
71	<p>	71	<p>
72	The <uri link="http://www.x.org">X.org</uri> project created and	72	The <uri link="http://www.x.org">X.org</uri> project created and
73	maintains a freely redistributable open-source implementation of the X11 system.	73	maintains a freely redistributable, open-source implementation of the X11
74	It is an open source X11-based desktop infrastructure.	74	system. It is an open source X11-based desktop infrastructure.
75	</p>	75	</p>
76		76
77	<p>	77	<p>
78	Xorg provides an interface between your hardware and the graphical software	78	Xorg provides an interface between your hardware and the graphical software
79	you want to run. Besides that, Xorg is also fully network-aware, meaning you	79	you want to run. Besides that, Xorg is also fully network-aware, meaning you
80	are able to run an application on one system while viewing it on a different	80	are able to run an application on one system while viewing it on a different
81	one.	81	one.
82	</p>	82	</p>
83		83
84	</body>	84	</body>
85	</section>	85	</section>
86	</chapter>	86	</chapter>
		87
87	<chapter>	88	<chapter>
88	<title>Installing Xorg</title>	89	<title>Installing Xorg</title>
89	<section>	90	<section>
90	<title>Using emerge</title>
91	<body>	91	<body>
92		92
		93	<p>
		94	Before installing Xorg you have to configure two important variables in the
		95	<path>/etc/make.conf</path> file.
93	<p>	96	</p>
94	Enough chitchat, let's get to business shall we? To install Xorg, you just	97
95	need to run <c>emerge xorg-x11</c>. Installing Xorg does take a while	98	<p>
96	though, so you might want to grab a snack while you are waiting.	99	The first one is <c>VIDEO_CARDS</c>. This is used to set the video drivers that
		100	you intend to use and is usually based on the kind and brand of card you have.
		101	The most common settings are <c>nvidia</c> for Nvidia cards or <c>fglrx</c> for
		102	ATI Radeon cards. Those are the proprietary drivers from Nvidia and ATI
		103	respectively. If you would like to use the open source versions, use <c>nv</c>
		104	rather than <c>nvidia</c> in the variable, but bear in mind that using this
		105	driver means no 3D acceleration at all. The free <c>radeon</c> and
		106	<c>radeonhd</c> drivers for ATI cards support 3D acceleration on older Radeons
		107	but don't yet support all the features of the newer ones. <c>VIDEO_CARDS</c> may
		108	contain more than one driver, in this case list of them should be separated with
		109	spaces.
		110	</p>
		111
		112	<p>
		113	The second variable is <c>INPUT_DEVICES</c> and is used to determine which
		114	drivers are to be built for input devices. In most cases setting it to
		115	<c>keyboard mouse</c> should work just fine. If you use alternative input
		116	devices, such as a Synaptics touchpad for a laptop, be sure to add it to
		117	<c>INPUT_DEVICES</c>.
		118	</p>
		119
		120	<p>
		121	Now you should decide which drivers you will use and add necessary settings to
		122	the <path>/etc/make.conf</path> file:
		123	</p>
		124
		125	<pre caption="Sample make.conf entries">
		126	<comment>(For mouse and keyboard support)</comment>
		127	INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse"
		128	<comment>(For Nvidia cards)</comment>
		129	VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"
		130	<comment>(OR, for ATI Radeon cards)</comment>
		131	VIDEO_CARDS="fglrx"
		132	</pre>
		133
		134	<p>
		135	More instructions on how to configure nVidia and ATI cards can be found in
		136	<uri link="/doc/en/nvidia-guide.xml">Gentoo Linux nVidia Guide</uri> and in
		137	<uri link="/doc/en/ati-faq.xml">Gentoo Linux ATI FAQ</uri>. If you don't know
		138	which drivers you should choose, refer to these guides for more information.
		139	</p>
		140
		141	<note>
		142	If the suggested settings don't work for you, you should run <c>emerge -pv
		143	xorg-server</c>, check all the options available and choose those which apply to
		144	your system. The example is for the amd64 architecture and
		145	<c>xorg-server-1.2</c>.
		146	</note>
		147
		148	<pre caption="Displaying all the driver options available">
		149	# <i>emerge -pv xorg-server</i>
		150
		151	These are the packages that would be merged, in order:
		152
		153	Calculating dependencies... done!
		154	[ebuild R ] x11-base/xorg-server-1.2.0-r3 USE="dri nptl xorg (-3dfx) -debug
		155	-dmx -ipv6 -kdrive -minimal -sdl -xprint" INPUT_DEVICES="keyboard mouse -acecad
		156	-aiptek -calcomp -citron -digitaledge -dmc -dynapro -elo2300 -elographics -evdev
		157	-fpit -hyperpen -jamstudio -joystick -magellan -microtouch -mutouch -palmax
		158	-penmount -spaceorb -summa -synaptics -tek4957 -ur98 -vmmouse -void -wacom"
		159	VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia -apm -ark -chips -cirrus -cyrix -dummy -epson -fbdev -fglrx
		160	-glint -i128 (-i740) -i810 (-impact) (-imstt) -mach64 -mga -neomagic (-newport)
		161	(-nsc) -nv -r128 -radeon -rendition -s3 -s3virge -savage -siliconmotion -sis
		162	-sisusb (-sunbw2) (-suncg14) (-suncg3) (-suncg6) (-sunffb) (-sunleo) (-suntcx)
		163	-tdfx -tga -trident -tseng -v4l -vesa -vga -via -vmware -voodoo" 0 kB
		164	</pre>
		165
		166	<p>
		167	After setting all the necessary variables you can install the Xorg package.
97	</p>	168	</p>
98		169
99	<pre caption="Installing Xorg">	170	<pre caption="Installing Xorg">
100	# <i>emerge xorg-x11</i>	171	# <i>emerge xorg-server</i>
101	</pre>	172	</pre>
102		173
		174	<note>
		175	You could install the <c>xorg-x11</c> metapackage instead of the more
		176	lightweight xorg-server. Functionally, <c>xorg-x11</c> and <c>xorg-server</c>
		177	are the same. However, <c>xorg-x11</c> brings in many more packages that
		178	you probably don't need, such as a huge assortment of fonts in many different
		179	languages. They're not necessary for a working desktop.
		180	</note>
		181
103	<p>	182	<p>
104	When the installation is finished, you might need to reinitialise some	183	When the installation is finished, you might need to re-initialise some
105	environment variables before you continue. Just run <c>env-update</c> followed	184	environment variables before you continue. Just run <c>env-update</c> followed
106	by <c>source /etc/profile</c> and you're all set. This doesn't harm your system	185	by <c>source /etc/profile</c> and you're all set.
107	in any way.
108	</p>	186	</p>
109		187
110	<pre caption="Reinitialising the environment variables">	188	<pre caption="Re-initialising the environment variables">
111	# <i>env-update</i>	189	# <i>env-update</i>
112	# <i>source /etc/profile</i>	190	# <i>source /etc/profile</i>
113	</pre>	191	</pre>
114		192
115	</body>	193	</body>
…		…
120	<section>	198	<section>
121	<title>The xorg.conf File</title>	199	<title>The xorg.conf File</title>
122	<body>	200	<body>
123		201
124	<p>	202	<p>
125	The configuration file of Xorg is called <path>xorg.conf</path> and it	203	The configuration file of Xorg is called <path>xorg.conf</path> and it resides
126	resides in <path>/etc/X11</path>. The Xorg-X11 package provides an example	204	in <path>/etc/X11</path>. Xorg provides an example configuration as
127	configuration as <path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf.example</path> which you can use to	205	<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf.example</path> which you can use to create your own
128	create your own configuration. It is heavily commented, but if you are in need	206	configuration. It is heavily commented, but if you are in need of more
129	of more documentation regarding the syntax, don't hesitate to read the man page:	207	documentation regarding the syntax, don't hesitate to read the man page:
130	</p>	208	</p>
131		209
132	<pre caption="Reading the xorg.conf man page">	210	<pre caption="Reading the xorg.conf man page">
133	# <i>man 5 xorg.conf</i>	211	# <i>man 5 xorg.conf</i>
134	</pre>	212	</pre>
…		…
143	<section>	221	<section>
144	<title>Default: Automatic Generation of xorg.conf</title>	222	<title>Default: Automatic Generation of xorg.conf</title>
145	<body>	223	<body>
146		224
147	<p>	225	<p>
148	Xorg itself is able to guess most parameters for you. In most cases, you	226	Xorg itself is able to guess most parameters for you. In most cases, you
149	will only have to change some lines to get the resolution you want up and	227	will only have to change some lines to get the resolution you want up and
150	running. If you are interested in more in-depth tweaking, be sure to check the	228	running. If you are interested in more in-depth tweaking, be sure to check the
151	resources at the end of this chapter. But first, let us generate a (hopefully	229	resources at the end of this chapter. But first, let us generate a (hopefully
152	working) Xorg configuration file.	230	working) Xorg configuration file.
153	</p>	231	</p>
154		232
155	<pre caption="Generating an xorg.conf file">	233	<pre caption="Generating an xorg.conf file">
156	# <i>Xorg -configure</i>	234	# <i>Xorg -configure</i>
157	</pre>	235	</pre>
…		…
159	<p>	237	<p>
160	Be sure to read the last lines printed on your screen when Xorg has finished	238	Be sure to read the last lines printed on your screen when Xorg has finished
161	probing your hardware. If it tells you it failed at some point, you're forced to	239	probing your hardware. If it tells you it failed at some point, you're forced to
162	manually write an <path>xorg.conf</path> file. Assuming that it didn't fail, it	240	manually write an <path>xorg.conf</path> file. Assuming that it didn't fail, it
163	will have told you that it has written <path>/root/xorg.conf.new</path> ready	241	will have told you that it has written <path>/root/xorg.conf.new</path> ready
164	for you to test. So let's test :)	242	for you to test. So let's test. :)
165	</p>	243	</p>
166		244
167	<pre caption="Testing the xorg.conf.new file">	245	<pre caption="Testing the xorg.conf.new file">
168	# <i>X -config /root/xorg.conf.new</i>	246	# <i>X -config /root/xorg.conf.new</i>
169	</pre>	247	</pre>
170		248
171	<p>	249	<p>
172	If all goes well, you should see an ugly, loathsome, repulsive, deformed	250	If all goes well, you should see a simple black and white pattern. Verify if
173	window manager called <c>twm</c>, probably the smallest window manager	251	your mouse works correctly and if the resolution is good. If you received errors
174	available. Try moving your mouse and see if your keyboard and such is working.	252	about "/dev/mouse", try changing your mouse device to <c>/dev/input/mice</c> in
175	In the next section we will optimize our <path>xorg.conf</path> so it fits your	253	the "InputDevice" section of <path>xorg.conf</path>. You might not be able to
176	hardware. Now go into one of the terminals you see on your screen and type in
177	<c>exit</c> (or press Ctrl-D) until Xorg shuts down. If you are unable to
178	use your mouse to focus the terminals, you can also press Ctrl-Alt-Backspace to
179	kill the X server.
180	</p>
181
182	<p>
183	If <c>twm</c> doesn't load, don't worry - it will once you'll start the X server
184	through the regular <c>startx</c> command. Verify if your mouse works correctly
185	and if the resolution is good. You might not be able to deduce the exact
186	resolution, but you should be able to see if it's too low. You can exit any time	254	deduce the exact resolution, but you should be able to see if it's too low. You
187	by pressing Ctrl-Alt-Backspace.	255	can exit any time by pressing Ctrl-Alt-Backspace.
188	</p>	256	</p>
189		257
190	</body>	258	</body>
191	</section>	259	</section>
192	<section>	260	<section>
…		…
201		269
202	<pre caption="Semi-Automatic Generation of xorg.conf">	270	<pre caption="Semi-Automatic Generation of xorg.conf">
203	# <i>xorgconfig</i>	271	# <i>xorgconfig</i>
204	</pre>	272	</pre>
205		273
		274	<p>
		275	Another tool, also provided by Xorg, is <c>xorgcfg</c>, which will first
		276	attempt to run <c>Xorg -configure</c> and then start the X server for more
		277	final tweaking.
		278	</p>
		279
		280	<pre caption="Using xorgcfg">
		281	# <i>xorgcfg</i>
		282	<comment>(In case X crashes or the configuration fails, try:)</comment>
		283	# <i>xorgcfg -textmode</i>
		284	</pre>
		285
		286	</body>
		287	</section>
		288	<section>
		289	<title>Copying over xorg.conf</title>
		290	<body>
		291
		292	<p>
		293	Let us copy over the <path>xorg.conf.new</path> to
		294	<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> now, so we won't have to continuously run
		295	<c>X -config</c> -- typing just <c>X</c> or <c>startx</c> is easier. :)
		296	</p>
		297
		298	<pre caption="Copying over xorg.conf">
		299	# <i>cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</i>
		300	</pre>
		301
		302	</body>
		303	</section>
		304	<section id="using_startx">
		305	<title>Using startx</title>
		306	<body>
		307
		308	<p>
		309	Now try <c>startx</c> to start up your X server. <c>startx</c> is a script
		310	that executes an <e>X session</e>, that is, it starts the X servers and some
		311	graphical applications on top of it. It decides which applications to run
		312	using the following logic:
		313	</p>
		314
		315	<ul>
		316	<li>
		317	If a file named <path>.xinitrc</path> exists in the home directory, it will
		318	execute the commands listed there.
		319	</li>
		320	<li>
		321	Otherwise, it will read the value of the XSESSION variable and will execute
		322	one of the sessions available in <path>/etc/X11/Sessions/</path>
		323	accordingly. You can set the value of XSESSION in
		324	<path>/etc/env.d/90xsession</path> to make it a default for all the users on
		325	the system. For example, as root, run <c>echo XSESSION="Xfce4" >
		326	/etc/env.d/90xsession</c>. This will create the <path>90xsession</path> file
		327	and set the default X session to Xfce4.
		328	</li>
		329	<li>
		330	If all of the above fail, it will fall back to a simple window manager,
		331	usually <c>twm</c>.
		332	</li>
		333	</ul>
		334
		335	<pre caption="Starting X">
		336	# <i>startx</i>
		337	</pre>
		338
		339	<p>
		340	If you see an ugly, loathsome, repulsive, deformed window manager, that's
		341	<c>twm</c>. To finish the twm session, type in <c>exit</c> or Ctrl-D in the
		342	upcoming xterms. You can also kill the X session using the Ctrl-Alt-Backspace
		343	combination. This will however make X exit disgracefully -- something that you
		344	might not always want. It doesn't hurt though. :)
		345	</p>
		346
206	</body>	347	</body>
207	</section>	348	</section>
208	</chapter>	349	</chapter>
209	<chapter>	350	<chapter>
210	<title>Tweaking xorg.conf</title>	351	<title>Tweaking xorg.conf</title>
211	<section>	352	<section>
212	<title>Copying over xorg.conf</title>
213	<body>
214
215	<p>
216	Let us first copy over the <path>xorg.conf.new</path> to
217	<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> so we won't have to continuously run <c>Xorg
218	-config</c> -- typing <c>startx</c> is far more easy :)
219	</p>
220
221	<pre caption="Copying over xorg.conf">
222	# <i>cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</i>
223	</pre>
224
225	<p>
226	Now run <c>startx</c> to start up your X server. It will use the freshly copied
227	file as its configuration file. To finish the X session, type in <c>exit</c> or
228	Ctrl-D in the upcoming xterms. You can also kill the X session using the
229	Ctrl-Alt-Backspace combination. This will however make X exit disgracefully -
230	something that you might not always want. It doesn't hurt though :)
231	</p>
232
233	<pre caption="Starting X">
234	# <i>startx</i>
235	</pre>
236
237	</body>
238	</section>
239	<section>
240	<title>Setting your Resolution</title>	353	<title>Setting your Resolution</title>
241	<body>	354	<body>
242		355
243	<p>	356	<p>
244	If you feel that the screen resolution is wrong, you will need to check two	357	If you feel that the screen resolution is wrong, you will need to check two
245	sections in your configuration. First of all, you have the <e>Screen</e> section	358	sections in your configuration. First of all, you have the <e>Screen</e> section
246	which lists the resolutions - if any - that your X server will run at. By	359	which lists the resolutions, if any that your X server will run at. By
247	default, this section might not list any resolutions at all. If this is the	360	default, this section might not list any resolutions at all. If this is the
248	case, Xorg will estimate the resolutions based on the information in the	361	case, Xorg will estimate the resolutions based on the information in the
249	second section, <e>Monitor</e>.	362	second section, <e>Monitor</e>.
250	</p>	363	</p>
251		364
…		…
258	use a tool that searches for your monitor's specs, such as	371	use a tool that searches for your monitor's specs, such as
259	<c>sys-apps/ddcxinfo-knoppix</c>.	372	<c>sys-apps/ddcxinfo-knoppix</c>.
260	</p>	373	</p>
261		374
262	<warn>	375	<warn>
263	Do <b>not</b> "just" change the values of these two monitor-related variables	376	Do <b>not</b> "just" change the values of these two monitor related variables
264	without consulting the technical specifications of your monitor. Setting	377	without consulting the technical specifications of your monitor. Setting
265	incorrect values lead to out-of-sync errors at best and smoked up screens at	378	incorrect values lead to out-of-sync errors at best and smoked up screens at
266	worst.	379	worst.
267	</warn>	380	</warn>
268		381
269	<p>	382	<p>
270	Now let us change the resolutions. In the next example from	383	Now let us change the resolutions. In the next example from
271	<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> we add the <c>Modes</c> lines and the	384	<path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</path> we add the <c>Modes</c> lines and the
272	<c>DefaultDepth</c> so that our X server starts with 24 bits at 1024x768 by	385	<c>DefaultDepth</c> so that our X server starts with 24 bits at 1024x768 by
273	default. Don't mind the given strings - they are examples and will most likely	386	default. Don't mind the given strings -- they are examples and will most likely
274	differ from the settings on your system.	387	differ from the settings on your system.
275	</p>	388	</p>
276		389
277	<pre caption="Changing the Screen section in /etc/X11/xorg.conf">	390	<pre caption="Changing the Screen section in /etc/X11/xorg.conf">
278	Section "Screen"	391	Section "Screen"
…		…
287	EndSubSection	400	EndSubSection
288	EndSection	401	EndSection
289	</pre>	402	</pre>
290		403
291	<p>	404	<p>
292	Run X (<c>startx</c>) to discover it uses the resolution you want :)	405	Run X (<c>startx</c>) to discover it uses the resolution you want. :)
293	</p>	406	</p>
294		407
295	</body>	408	</body>
296	</section>	409	</section>
297	<section>	410	<section>
…		…
322	<title>Configuring your Mouse</title>	435	<title>Configuring your Mouse</title>
323	<body>	436	<body>
324		437
325	<p>	438	<p>
326	If your mouse isn't working, you will first need to find out if it is detected	439	If your mouse isn't working, you will first need to find out if it is detected
327	by the kernel at all. PS/2 mice are (device-wise) seen as	440	by the kernel at all. Mice are (device-wise) seen as
328	<path>/dev/psaux</path>. Other mice (like USBs) are seen as
329	<path>/dev/input</path> (or <path>/dev/input/mice</path>). In either case you	441	<path>/dev/input/mouse0</path> (or <path>/dev/input/mice</path> if you want to
330	can check if the devices do represent your mouse by checking the output of those	442	use several mice). In some cases <path>/dev/psaux</path> is used. In either
331	files when you move your mouse. To end the session press <c>Ctrl-C</c>.	443	case you can check if the devices do represent
		444	your mouse by checking the output of those files when you move your mouse. You
		445	will usually see some junk on your screen. To end the session press
		446	<c>Ctrl-C</c>.
332	</p>	447	</p>
333		448
334	<pre caption="Checking the device files">	449	<pre caption="Checking the device files">
335	# <i>cat /dev/input</i>	450	# <i>cat /dev/input/mouse0</i>
336	<comment>(Don't forget to press Ctrl-C to end this)</comment>	451	<comment>(Don't forget to press Ctrl-C to end this)</comment>
337	</pre>	452	</pre>
338		453
339	<p>	454	<p>
340	If your mouse isn't detected, verify if all the necessary modules are loaded.	455	If your mouse isn't detected, verify if all the necessary modules are loaded.
341	</p>	456	</p>
342		457
343	<p>	458	<p>
344	If your mouse is detected, fill in the device in the appropriate	459	If your mouse is detected, fill in the device in the appropriate
345	<e>InputDevice</e> section. In the next example you'll see we also set two other	460	<e>InputDevice</e> section. In the next example you'll see we also set two other
346	options: <c>Protocol</c> (which lists the mouse protocol to be used - most users	461	options: <c>Protocol</c> (which lists the mouse protocol to be used -- most
347	will use PS/2 or IMPS/2) and <c>ZAxisMapping</c> (which allows for the	462	users will use PS/2 or IMPS/2) and <c>ZAxisMapping</c> (which allows for the
348	mousewheel (if applicable) to be used).	463	mousewheel (if applicable) to be used).
349	</p>	464	</p>
350		465
351	<pre caption="Changing the mouse settings in Xorg">	466	<pre caption="Changing the mouse settings in Xorg">
352	Section "InputDevice"	467	Section "InputDevice"
353	Identifier "TouchPad Mouse"	468	Identifier "TouchPad Mouse"
354	Driver "mouse"	469	Driver "mouse"
355	Option "CorePointer"	470	Option "CorePointer"
356	<i>Option "Device" "/dev/psaux"</i>	471	<i>Option "Device" "/dev/input/mouse0"</i>
357	<i>Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2"</i>	472	<i>Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2"</i>
358	<i>Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"</i>	473	<i>Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"</i>
359	EndSection	474	EndSection
360	</pre>	475	</pre>
361		476
362	<p>	477	<p>
363	Run <c>startx</c> and be happy about the result :) Congratulations, you now	478	Run <c>startx</c> and be happy about the result. :) Congratulations, you now
364	(hopefully) have a working Xorg on your system. The next step is to remove this	479	(hopefully) have a working Xorg on your system. The next step is to remove this
365	ugly lightweight window manager and use a high-feature one (or even a desktop	480	ugly lightweight window manager and use a high-feature one (or even a desktop
366	environment) such as KDE or GNOME, but that's not part of this guide :)	481	environment) such as KDE or GNOME, but that's not part of this guide. :)
367	</p>	482	</p>
368		483
369	</body>	484	</body>
370	</section>	485	</section>
371	</chapter>	486	</chapter>
…		…
374	<section>	489	<section>
375	<title>Creating and Tweaking xorg.conf</title>	490	<title>Creating and Tweaking xorg.conf</title>
376	<body>	491	<body>
377		492
378	<p>	493	<p>
379	First of all, <c>man 5 xorg.conf</c> provides a quick yet complete reference	494	First of all, <c>man xorg.conf</c> provides a quick yet complete reference
380	about the syntaxis used by the configuration file. Be sure to have it open on a	495	about the syntax used by the configuration file. Be sure to have it open on a
381	terminal near you when you edit your configuration file!	496	terminal near you when you edit your configuration file!
382	</p>	497	</p>
383		498
384	<p>	499	<p>
385	A second point of resources on your system is the	500	Also, be sure to look at <path>/etc/X11/xorg.conf.example</path>; you may wish
386	<path>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc</path> directory with various <path>README</path>'s	501	to copy this and use it as a foundation for writing your own
387	for individual graphical chipsets.	502	<path>xorg.conf</path>.
		503	</p>
		504
		505	<p>
		506	You may find the X.org <uri link="http://www.x.org/wiki/FAQ">FAQ</uri> provided
		507	on their website, in addition to their other documentation.
388	</p>	508	</p>
389		509
390	<p>	510	<p>
391	There are also many online resources on editing <path>xorg.conf</path>. We only	511	There are also many online resources on editing <path>xorg.conf</path>. We only
392	list few of them here, be sure to <uri link="http://www.google.com">Google</uri>	512	list few of them here, be sure to <uri link="http://www.google.com">Google</uri>
393	for more :) As <path>xorg.conf</path> and <path>XF86Config</path> (the	513	for more. :) As <path>xorg.conf</path> and <path>XF86Config</path> (the
394	configuration file for the XFree86 project) use the	514	configuration file for the XFree86 project) use the
395	same syntaxis for most configuration options and more information about	515	same syntax for most configuration options and more information about
396	<path>XF86Config</path> is available, we'll list those resources as well.	516	<path>XF86Config</path> is available, we'll list those resources as well.
397	</p>	517	</p>
398		518
399	<ul>	519	<ul>
400	<li>	520	<li>
…		…
408	</li>	528	</li>
409	</ul>	529	</ul>
410		530
411	</body>	531	</body>
412	</section>	532	</section>
		533	<section>
		534	<title>Other resources</title>
		535	<body>
		536
		537	<p>
		538	More information about installing and configuring various graphical desktop
		539	environments and applications can be found in the <uri
		540	link="/doc/en/?catid=desktop">Gentoo Desktop Documentation Resources</uri>
		541	section of our documentation.
		542	</p>
		543
		544	<p>
		545	If you're upgrading to xorg-server-1.5 from an earlier version, then be sure to
		546	read the <uri
		547	link="/proj/en/desktop/x/x11/xorg-server-1.5-upgrade-guide.xml">migration
		548	guide</uri>.
		549	</p>
		550
		551	</body>
		552	</section>
413	</chapter>	553	</chapter>
414	</guide>	554	</guide>

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