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<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gcc-upgrading.xml,v 1.23 2006/09/13 23:20:10 jkt Exp $ --> |
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|
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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|
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<guide link="/doc/en/gcc-upgrading.xml"> |
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<title>Gentoo GCC Upgrade Guide</title> |
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|
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="amne@gentoo.org">Wernfried Haas</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="jkt@gentoo.org">Jan Kundrát</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Editor"> |
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<mail link="mark@halcy0n.com">Mark Loeser</mail> |
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</author> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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This document will guide the user through the process of upgrading GCC on their |
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Gentoo machines. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>20</version> |
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<date>2006-09-13</date> |
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|
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<chapter id="intro"> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>GCC Upgrading</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Why should you upgrade? Well, GCC is quite similar to any other package on your |
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system, just a bit more critical. You should upgrade GCC whenever a new version |
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fixes some bug that annoys you, new functionality you need is introduced, or if |
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you want to keep your system up-to-date. If none of the previous cases apply to |
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you, you can safely postpone upgrade as long as your GCC version is supported by |
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Gentoo developers. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you install a new major version of GCC (such as 3.3.6 to 3.4.5), the system |
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will not switch over to use it automatically. You'll have to explicitly request |
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the change because the migration process might require some additional steps. |
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If you decide not to switch, Portage will continue to use older version of your |
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compiler until you change your mind, or remove the old compiler from the system. |
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Non-major gcc upgrades are switched automatically for you (such as 3.4.5 to |
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3.4.6). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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This guide will document the necessary steps required to perform a seamless |
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upgrade of the compiler used by your Gentoo box. A specific section is |
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dedicated to the <uri link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4">upgrade from GCC 3.3 to 3.4</uri> |
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and issues with <c>libstdc++</c>. A second specific |
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section is for users <uri link="#first-install">first installing</uri> Gentoo |
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using a stage3 tarball, after a new GCC major/minor version has been released. |
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</p> |
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|
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<warn> |
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It should be noted that upgrading from GCC-3.4 (or 3.3) to GCC-4.1 or greater |
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still requires you to follow the <uri link="#upgrade-general">general upgrading |
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instructions</uri>, as GCC-3.4 and GCC-4.1 use slightly different ABIs. |
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</warn> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter id="upgrade-general"> |
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<title>General Upgrade Instructions</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<impo> |
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If you're looking for instructions specific to upgrades from GCC-3.3 to GCC-3.4, |
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please consult the <uri link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4">dedicated |
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section</uri>. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<impo> |
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If you're looking for instructions specific to upgrades in GCC for new |
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installs, please consult the <uri link="#first-install">dedicated |
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section</uri>. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<p> |
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Generally speaking, upgrades to <e>bug fix releases</e>, like from 3.3.5 to |
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3.3.6, should be quite safe -- just emerge new version, switch your system to |
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use it and rebuild the only affected package, <c>libtool</c>. However, some GCC |
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upgrades break binary compatibility; in such cases a rebuild of the affected |
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packages (or even whole toolchain and system) might be required. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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When we spoke about the need to switch your compiler to the newer version by |
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hand, we said it won't happen automatically. However, there is one exception -- |
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upgrades to bug fix releases, like from 3.3.5 to 3.3.6 in case you don't use the |
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"multislot" feature allowing them to coexist on one system. Multislot is |
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disabled by default as the majority of users won't benefit from it. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Upgrading GCC"> |
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# <i>emerge -uav gcc</i> |
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|
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<comment>(Please substitute "i686-pc-linux-gnu-4.1.1" with the GCC |
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version and CHOST settings you've upgraded to:)</comment> |
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# <i>gcc-config i686-pc-linux-gnu-4.1.1</i> |
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# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
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|
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<comment>If you upgraded from gcc 3 to 4 (e.g. from 3.4.6 to 4.1.1 in this |
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example) you will have to run fix_libtool_files.sh manually</comment> |
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# <i>fix_libtool_files.sh 3.4.6</i> |
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|
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<comment>(Rebuilding libtool)</comment> |
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# <i>emerge --oneshot -av libtool</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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To be completely safe that your system is in a sane state, you <e>must</e> |
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rebuild the toolchain and then world to make use of the new compiler. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Rebuilding system"> |
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# <i>emerge -eav system</i> |
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# <i>emerge -eav world</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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It is safe to remove the older GCC version at this time. If you feel the need, |
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please issue the following command (as usual, substitute |
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<c>=sys-devel/gcc-3.4*</c> with the version you want to uninstall): |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Removing older GCC version"> |
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# <i>emerge -aC =sys-devel/gcc-3.4*</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<impo> |
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Please note that the GCC 4.1 and newer can't compile a 2.4 kernel. Don't remove |
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your old GCC version if you want to use an older kernel. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<impo> <!-- FIXME: do we really want to keep it here? --> |
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In case you're upgrading from GCC-3.3, you should run <c>emerge --oneshot |
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sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</c> to provide compatibility with older binary C++ |
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applications. |
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</impo> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter id="upgrade-3.3-to-3.4"> |
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<title>Upgrading from GCC-3.3 to 3.4</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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The upgrade from GCC-3.3 to 3.4 is not seamless as the C++ ABI |
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changed between these two versions. There is an issue with the <c>libstdc++</c> |
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library which must be taken care of, as well. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-choices"> |
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<title>The Choices</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<impo> |
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If you upgrade from gcc 3.4 to 4.1, please consult the <uri |
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link="#upgrade-general">General Update instructions</uri>. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<impo> |
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If you're upgrading on a SPARC machine, you will have to take the way of |
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<uri link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-emerge-e">complete system rebuild</uri> due to |
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some internal <uri link="http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-3.4/sparc-abi.html">ABI |
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changes</uri> in GCC's parameter passing. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you upgrade from gcc 3.3 to 3.4, you have two possibilities on how to |
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upgrade your system. The <uri link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-revdep-rebuild">first |
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method</uri> is faster and requires use of the <c>revdep-rebuild</c> tool from |
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package <c>gentoolkit</c> while the <uri |
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link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-emerge-e">second one</uri> rebuilds the entire |
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system from scratch so it will make use of new GCC features. It's up to you to |
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decide which of these two ways you will choose. In most cases, the first |
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method is sufficient. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you upgrade from gcc 3.3 to 4.1, do not use the method based on |
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revdep-rebuild, but do a <uri link="#upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-emerge-e">complete |
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system rebuild</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-revdep-rebuild"> |
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<title>Using revdep-rebuild</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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This method requires that you first install <c>gentoolkit</c> if you have not |
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already done so. Then we will upgrade GCC and switch to the new compiler. We |
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will also rebuild the <c>libtool</c> package to ensure that toolchain is in |
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healthy state. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing gentoolkit and upgrading GCC"> |
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# <i>emerge -an gentoolkit</i> |
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# <i>emerge -uav gcc</i> |
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<comment>(Please substitute "i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.5" with the GCC |
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version and CHOST settings you've upgraded to:)</comment> |
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# <i>gcc-config i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.5</i> |
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# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
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|
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<comment>(Rebuilding libtool)</comment> |
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# <i>emerge --oneshot -av libtool</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now, we want to see which packages that revdep-rebuild will want to rebuild. |
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Then we will tell revdep-rebuild to actually rebuild the packages. This may take |
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some time, so have some patience. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Using revdep-rebuild"> |
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# <i>revdep-rebuild --library libstdc++.so.5 -- -p -v</i> |
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# <i>revdep-rebuild --library libstdc++.so.5</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<note> |
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It is possible that you might have problems with non-existing package versions |
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due to them being outdated or masked. If this is the case, you will want to use |
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the <c>--package-names</c> option to <c>revdep-rebuild</c>. This causes packages |
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to be recompiled based on the package name, rather than the exact name and |
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version. |
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</note> |
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|
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<p> |
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To provide compatibility with older binary C++ applications and any packages |
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that revdep-rebuild might have missed, <c>sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</c> needs to be |
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merged before you unmerge GCC 3.3 from your system. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing libstdc++-v3 and cleaning up"> |
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# <i>emerge --oneshot sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</i> |
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# <i>emerge -aC =sys-devel/gcc-3.3*</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="upgrade-3.3-to-3.4-emerge-e"> |
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<title>Using emerge -e</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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This method, while much slower, will rebuild your whole system to ensure that |
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everything has been rebuilt with your new compiler, and therefore safer. At |
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first, you will upgrade GCC and libtool and switch to your new compiler. |
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</p> |
| 273 |
|
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<pre caption="Upgrading GCC"> |
| 275 |
# <i>emerge -uav gcc</i> |
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<comment>(Please substitute "i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.5" with the GCC |
| 277 |
version and CHOST settings you've upgraded to:)</comment> |
| 278 |
# <i>gcc-config i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.5</i> |
| 279 |
# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
| 280 |
|
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<comment>If you upgraded from gcc 3 to 4 (e.g. from 3.3.6 to 4.1.1 in this |
| 282 |
example) you will have to run fix_libtool_files.sh manually</comment> |
| 283 |
# <i>fix_libtool_files.sh 3.3.6</i> |
| 284 |
|
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<comment>(Rebuilding libtool)</comment> |
| 286 |
# <i>emerge --oneshot -av libtool</i> |
| 287 |
</pre> |
| 288 |
|
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<p> |
| 290 |
To provide compatibility with older binary C++ applications, |
| 291 |
<c>sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</c> needs to be merged onto your system. |
| 292 |
</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Installing libstdc++-v3"> |
| 295 |
# <i>emerge --oneshot sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now we will go about first rebuilding the system target, then the world target. |
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This will take a very long time, depending on the number of packages that you |
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have installed, as it will rebuild your entire toolchain and supporting system |
| 302 |
files, followed by every package on your system, including the toolchain. This |
| 303 |
is necessary to ensure that all packages have been compiled with the new |
| 304 |
toolchain, including the toolchain itself. |
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</p> |
| 306 |
|
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<pre caption="Rebuilding system and world"> |
| 308 |
# <i>emerge -e system</i> |
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# <i>emerge -e world</i> |
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</pre> |
| 311 |
|
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<p> |
| 313 |
It is also safe to remove older GCC versions at this time: |
| 314 |
</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Cleaning up"> |
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# <i>emerge -aC =sys-devel/gcc-3.3*</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
| 323 |
|
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<chapter id="first-install"> |
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<title>Upgrading to GCC on a First Install</title> |
| 326 |
<section> |
| 327 |
<title>Introduction</title> |
| 328 |
<body> |
| 329 |
|
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<p> |
| 331 |
A GCC upgrade on a system after installation from a stage3 tarball is a simple |
| 332 |
affair. One advantage users of new installations have is they do not have a |
| 333 |
plethora of software installed that links against the older version of GCC. |
| 334 |
The following example is for a GCC-3.3 to 3.4 upgrade. Certain parts |
| 335 |
will be different if upgrading from other versions of GCC. For example, the |
| 336 |
library names used for <c>revdep-rebuild</c> below are GCC 3.3 specific, as |
| 337 |
well as the need to install <c>libstdc++-v3</c>. |
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</p> |
| 339 |
|
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<p> |
| 341 |
If a user has not made any customizations to their system yet, then there are |
| 342 |
very few steps to get their system upgraded to a new GCC version. As with the |
| 343 |
GCC-3.3 to 3.4 upgrade, the user has a couple options. However, unlike the |
| 344 |
GCC-3.3 to 3.4 upgrade, this one is less complicated as there are fewer |
| 345 |
differences between the methods. The <uri |
| 346 |
link="#first-install-revdep-rebuild">first method</uri> is faster and makes use |
| 347 |
of the <c>revdep-rebuild</c> tool from <c>gentoolkit</c>, similar to the above |
| 348 |
procedure. Using revdep-rebuild causes only packages which actually link |
| 349 |
against GCC libraries to be rebuilt, while the <uri |
| 350 |
link="#first-install-emerge-e">second method</uri> causes your entire new |
| 351 |
install to be recompiled with the new GCC version and takes much longer. This |
| 352 |
second method is never required and only documented for completeness. |
| 353 |
</p> |
| 354 |
|
| 355 |
<p> |
| 356 |
These first steps are common between both methods, and should be completed by |
| 357 |
everyone. |
| 358 |
</p> |
| 359 |
|
| 360 |
<pre caption="Upgrading GCC"> |
| 361 |
# <i>emerge -uav gcc</i> |
| 362 |
<comment>(Please substitute "i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.5" with the GCC |
| 363 |
version and CHOST settings you've upgraded to:)</comment> |
| 364 |
# <i>gcc-config i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.4.5</i> |
| 365 |
# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
| 366 |
|
| 367 |
<comment>(Rebuilding libtool)</comment> |
| 368 |
# <i>emerge --oneshot -av libtool</i> |
| 369 |
</pre> |
| 370 |
|
| 371 |
<p> |
| 372 |
To provide compatibility with older binary C++ applications, |
| 373 |
<c>sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</c> needs to be merged onto your system. |
| 374 |
</p> |
| 375 |
|
| 376 |
<pre caption="Installing libstdc++-v3"> |
| 377 |
# <i>emerge --oneshot sys-libs/libstdc++-v3</i> |
| 378 |
</pre> |
| 379 |
|
| 380 |
</body> |
| 381 |
</section> |
| 382 |
|
| 383 |
<section id="first-install-revdep-rebuild"> |
| 384 |
<title>Using revdep-rebuild</title> |
| 385 |
<body> |
| 386 |
|
| 387 |
<p> |
| 388 |
This method requires that you first install <c>gentoolkit</c> if you have not |
| 389 |
already done so. We will then run <c>revdep-rebuild</c> to actually scan the |
| 390 |
installed packages for ones we need to rebuild, then rebuild them. |
| 391 |
</p> |
| 392 |
|
| 393 |
<pre caption="Installing gentoolkit and running revdep-rebuild"> |
| 394 |
# <i>emerge -an gentoolkit</i> |
| 395 |
# <i>revdep-rebuild --library libstdc++.so.5 -- -p -v</i> |
| 396 |
# <i>revdep-rebuild --library libstdc++.so.5</i> |
| 397 |
</pre> |
| 398 |
|
| 399 |
<note> |
| 400 |
It is possible that you might have problems with non-existing package versions |
| 401 |
due to them being outdated or masked. If this is the case, you will want to use |
| 402 |
the <c>--package-names</c> option to <c>revdep-rebuild</c>. This causes packages |
| 403 |
to be recompiled based on the package name, rather than the exact name and |
| 404 |
version. |
| 405 |
</note> |
| 406 |
|
| 407 |
</body> |
| 408 |
</section> |
| 409 |
<section id="first-install-emerge-e"> |
| 410 |
<title>Using emerge -e</title> |
| 411 |
<body> |
| 412 |
|
| 413 |
<p> |
| 414 |
This method, while much slower, will rebuild the system target to ensure that |
| 415 |
everything has been rebuilt with your new compiler. This is not necessary, but |
| 416 |
is valid if you are also making changes to CFLAGS or other make.conf variables |
| 417 |
that will affect the system compile. |
| 418 |
</p> |
| 419 |
|
| 420 |
<p> |
| 421 |
Since we are performing these actions after an initial installation, we do not |
| 422 |
need to recompile the <c>world</c> target as we would when doing an upgrade on |
| 423 |
an already installed system. However, you may choose to perform a world update |
| 424 |
in place of the system update, to ensure that all packages are updated. |
| 425 |
</p> |
| 426 |
|
| 427 |
<pre caption="Rebuilding system"> |
| 428 |
# <i>emerge -e system</i> |
| 429 |
</pre> |
| 430 |
|
| 431 |
</body> |
| 432 |
</section> |
| 433 |
<section id="first-install-cleaning-up"> |
| 434 |
<title>Cleaning up</title> |
| 435 |
<body> |
| 436 |
|
| 437 |
<p> |
| 438 |
It is also safe to remove older GCC versions at this time. Please substitute |
| 439 |
<c>YOUR-NEW-GCC-VERSION</c> with the actual version you've upgraded to: |
| 440 |
</p> |
| 441 |
|
| 442 |
<pre caption="Cleaning up"> |
| 443 |
# <i>emerge -aC "<sys-devel/gcc-YOUR-NEW-GCC-VERSION"</i> |
| 444 |
</pre> |
| 445 |
|
| 446 |
</body> |
| 447 |
</section> |
| 448 |
</chapter> |
| 449 |
|
| 450 |
<chapter id="common-pitfalls"> |
| 451 |
<title>Common Pitfalls</title> |
| 452 |
<section> |
| 453 |
<body> |
| 454 |
|
| 455 |
<p> |
| 456 |
It's important to disable <c>distcc</c> during upgrade. Mixing compiler versions |
| 457 |
on your nodes <e>will</e> cause build issues. This is not required for ccache, |
| 458 |
as the cache objects will be invalidated anyway. |
| 459 |
</p> |
| 460 |
|
| 461 |
<p> |
| 462 |
Always use same GCC version for your kernel and additional kernel modules. Once |
| 463 |
you rebuild your world with new GCC, external modules (like |
| 464 |
<c>app-emulation/qemu-softmmu</c>) will fail to load. Please rebuild your |
| 465 |
kernel with the new GCC to fix that. |
| 466 |
</p> |
| 467 |
|
| 468 |
<p> |
| 469 |
If you're upgrading on a SPARC machine, make sure to rerun <c>silo -f</c> after |
| 470 |
re-emerging world to avoid possible issues. |
| 471 |
</p> |
| 472 |
|
| 473 |
</body> |
| 474 |
</section> |
| 475 |
<section> |
| 476 |
<title>Frequent Error Messages</title> |
| 477 |
<body> |
| 478 |
|
| 479 |
<p> |
| 480 |
If your system complains about something like <e>libtool: link: |
| 481 |
`/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686-pc-linux-gnu/3.3.6/libstdc++.la' is not a valid libtool |
| 482 |
archive</e>, please run <c>/sbin/fix_libtool_files.sh 3.3.6</c> (substitute |
| 483 |
"3.3.6" with the version numbers from the error message). |
| 484 |
</p> |
| 485 |
|
| 486 |
<p> |
| 487 |
If you see <e>error: /usr/bin/gcc-config: line 632: |
| 488 |
/etc/env.d/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu-3.3.5: No such file or directory</e>, then try |
| 489 |
deleting <path>/etc/env.d/gcc/config-i686-pc-linux-gnu</path> and running |
| 490 |
<c>gcc-config</c> again, followed by <c>source /etc/profile</c>. Only do this |
| 491 |
if you do not have any cross-compilers set up, though. |
| 492 |
</p> |
| 493 |
|
| 494 |
<p> |
| 495 |
If a package fails during <c>emerge -e system</c> or <c>emerge -e world</c>, |
| 496 |
you can resume operation with <c>emerge --resume</c>. If a package fails |
| 497 |
repeatedly, skip it with <c>emerge --resume --skipfirst</c>. Don't run any |
| 498 |
other instances of emerge in between or you will lose the resume information. |
| 499 |
</p> |
| 500 |
|
| 501 |
<p> |
| 502 |
If you get an error message <e>spec failure: unrecognized spec option</e> while |
| 503 |
upgrading your compiler, try to switch back to your default compiler, unset the |
| 504 |
<c>GCC_SPECS</c> variable and upgrade GCC again: |
| 505 |
</p> |
| 506 |
|
| 507 |
<pre caption="Restoring primary specs"> |
| 508 |
# <i>gcc-config 1</i> |
| 509 |
# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
| 510 |
# <i>unset GCC_SPECS</i> |
| 511 |
# <i>emerge -uav gcc</i> |
| 512 |
</pre> |
| 513 |
|
| 514 |
</body> |
| 515 |
</section> |
| 516 |
</chapter> |
| 517 |
</guide> |
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