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<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-x86+raid+lvm2-quickinstall.xml,v 1.29 2011/08/23 15:12:17 swift Exp $ --> |
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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<guide> |
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<title>Gentoo Linux x86 with Software Raid and LVM2 Quick Install Guide</title> |
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<values> |
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<key id="raid+lvm">yes</key> |
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<key id="root">/dev/md3</key> |
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</values> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="neysx"/> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="swift"/> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author">Steven Wagner</author> |
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<abstract> |
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The Quick Install guide covers the Gentoo install process in a non-verbose |
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manner. Its purpose is to allow users to perform a stage3 install with software |
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RAID and LVM2 in no time. Users should already have prior experience with |
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installing Gentoo Linux if they want to follow this guide. |
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</abstract> |
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<license/> |
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swift |
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<version>20</version> |
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<date>2012-03-31</date> |
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<chapter> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<section> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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This guide contains all commands you should use to complete a stage3 |
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installation including LVM2 on top of software RAID. This guide is targeted at |
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experienced users. You need a connection to the Internet to download the stage3 |
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and Portage snapshots. |
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</p> |
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<impo> |
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New users should read the <uri link="/doc/en/handbook/index.xml">Handbook</uri> |
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as it gives a better overview about the installation process. The Quick Install |
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guide is designed for experienced users who just need a checklist to follow. |
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</impo> |
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<p> |
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Timing output follows all commands that take more than a couple of seconds to |
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finish. Commands were timed on an AMD 2000 1.66 Ghz PC with 512 Mb of RAM and |
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two SATA disks connected to a hardware controller configured as JBOD (i.e. two |
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separate hard disks are seen by Gentoo). If you have a "hardware" RAID |
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controller on your motherboard, it is most likely <b>not</b> a hardware |
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controller. |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Test box specs"> |
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<comment>(The following specs and the timing information should help you determine |
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a rough estimate of the time you need to complete your install)</comment> |
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# <i>grep bogo /proc/cpuinfo</i> |
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bogomips : 3337.81 |
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# <i>hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sdb</i> |
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/dev/sda: |
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reads: 1048 MB in 2.00 seconds = 524.00 MB/sec |
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Timing buffered disk reads: 152 MB in 3.01 seconds = 50.50 MB/sec |
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/dev/sdb: |
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Timing cached reads: 1048 MB in 2.00 seconds = 524.00 MB/sec |
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Timing buffered disk reads: 152 MB in 3.01 seconds = 50.50 MB/sec |
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# <i>grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo</i> |
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MemTotal: 509248 kB |
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</pre> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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<chapter> |
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<title>Quick Install Guide</title> |
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<section> |
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<include href="gentoo-x86-quickinstall-media.xml"/> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Preparing the Disks</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Load the software RAID and LVM2 modules. |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Load RAID and LVM2 modules"> |
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livecd ~ # <i>modprobe raid0</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>modprobe raid1</i> |
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<comment>(raid5, raid6 and raid10 are also available)</comment> |
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livecd ~ # <i>modprobe dm-mod</i> |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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Use <c>fdisk</c> or <c>cfdisk</c> to create your partition layout. The device |
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names are likely to be either <path>/dev/sda</path> and <path>/dev/sdb</path> |
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for a SATA or SCSI disks, or <path>/dev/hda</path> and <path>/dev/hdb</path> |
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for IDE disks. The following layout will be used in this guide: |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<ti/> |
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<th><path>/dev/sda</path></th> |
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<th><path>/dev/sdb</path></th> |
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<th>Type</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><path>/dev/md1</path></th> |
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<th><path>/boot</path></th> |
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<th><path>/boot</path></th> |
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<ti>Raid-1 (mirroring)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th/> |
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<th>swap</th> |
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<th>swap</th> |
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<ti>Normal partitions</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><path>/dev/md3</path></th> |
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<th><path>/</path></th> |
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<th><path>/</path></th> |
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<ti>Raid-1 (mirroring)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><path>/dev/md4</path></th> |
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<th colspan="2">LVM2 volumes</th> |
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<ti>Raid-0 (striped)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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<impo> |
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The partition you boot from must not be striped. It may not be raid-5 or |
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raid-0. |
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</impo> |
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<note> |
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On the one hand, if you want extra stability, consider using raid-1 (or even |
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raid-5) for your swap partition(s) so that a drive failure would not corrupt |
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your swap space and crash applications that are using it. On the other hand, if |
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you want extra performance, just let the kernel use distinct swap partitions as |
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it does striping by default. |
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</note> |
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<pre caption="Create the partitions"> |
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livecd ~ # <i>fdisk /dev/sda</i> |
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<comment>(Make sure you use type fd and set the bootable flag)</comment> |
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<comment>(The rest of this guide uses the following partitioning scheme)</comment> |
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livecd ~ # <i>fdisk -l /dev/sda</i> |
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Disk /dev/sda: 299.9 GB, 299989204992 bytes |
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36471 cylinders |
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Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes |
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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System |
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/dev/sda1 * 1 11 88326 fd Linux raid autodetect |
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/dev/sda2 12 61 401625 82 Linux swap / Solaris |
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/dev/sda3 62 311 2008125 fd Linux raid autodetect |
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/dev/sda4 312 36471 290455200 fd Linux raid autodetect |
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<comment>(Partition the second disk exactly as the first)</comment> |
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livecd ~ # <i>fdisk /dev/sdb</i> |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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swift |
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Then create the RAID device nodes and devices. Please bear in mind that, if you |
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are not using an initramfs to help during boot, the |
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<c>/boot</c> and <c>/</c> mount points should use an older metadata format which |
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can be specified by the <c>--metadata=0.90</c> flag: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Create device nodes and devices"> |
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livecd ~ # <i>mknod /dev/md1 b 9 1</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>mknod /dev/md3 b 9 3</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>mknod /dev/md4 b 9 4</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 --metadata=0.90 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1</i> |
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mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. |
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livecd ~ # <i>mdadm --create /dev/md3 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 --metadata=0.90 /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3</i> |
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mdadm: array /dev/md3 started. |
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livecd ~ # <i>mdadm --create /dev/md4 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda4 /dev/sdb4</i> |
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mdadm: array /dev/md4 started. |
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<comment>(Wait until all units are ready)</comment> |
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livecd ~ # <i>cat /proc/mdstat</i> |
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Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] |
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md4 : active raid0 sdb4[1] sda4[0] |
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581006592 blocks 64k chunks |
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md3 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[0] |
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1959808 blocks [2/2] [UU] |
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md1 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0] |
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88256 blocks [2/2] [UU] |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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If you use an initramfs, then it is responsible for assembling the RAID arrays |
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during boot. When using a genkernel initramfs, this can be triggered using the |
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<c>domdadm</c> boot option. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Then create the LVM2 volumes in <path>/dev/md4</path>. The following scheme is |
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used as an <b>example</b>: |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Directory</th> |
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<th>Size</th> |
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<th>File system</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>/usr</ti> |
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<ti>8 GB</ti> |
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<ti>ext3</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>/usr/portage</ti> |
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<ti>2 GB</ti> |
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<ti>ext2, small block size, many inodes</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>/usr/portage/distfiles</ti> |
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<ti>4 GB</ti> |
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nightmorph |
1.22 |
<ti>ext2, large block size, less inodes</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>/home</ti> |
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<ti>10 GB</ti> |
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<ti>ext3</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>/opt</ti> |
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<ti>4 GB</ti> |
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<ti>ext3</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>/var</ti> |
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<ti>4 GB</ti> |
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<ti>ext3</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>/var/tmp</ti> |
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<ti>6 GB</ti> |
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<ti>ext2</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>/tmp</ti> |
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<ti>2 GB</ti> |
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<ti>ext2</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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<pre caption="Create LVM2 volumes"> |
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livecd ~ # <i>vgscan</i> |
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Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... |
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No volume groups found |
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livecd ~ # <i>vgchange -a y</i> |
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No volume groups found |
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<comment>(Create physical volumes, we have only one in our example)</comment> |
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livecd ~ # <i>pvcreate /dev/md4</i> |
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Physical volume "/dev/md4" successfully created |
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<comment>(Create volume groups, again, we have only one in our example)</comment> |
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livecd ~ # <i>vgcreate vg /dev/md4</i> |
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Volume group "vg" successfully created |
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<comment>(Create logical volumes)</comment> |
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livecd ~ # <i>lvcreate -L8G -nusr vg</i> |
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/dev/cdrom: open failed: Read-only file system |
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Logical volume "usr" created <comment>(Further similar messages not displayed)</comment> |
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livecd ~ # <i>lvcreate -L2G -nportage vg</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>lvcreate -L4G -ndistfiles vg</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>lvcreate -L10G -nhome vg</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>lvcreate -L4G -nopt vg</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>lvcreate -L4G -nvar vg</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>lvcreate -L6G -nvartmp vg</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>lvcreate -L2G -ntmp vg</i> |
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<comment>(Display volume groups and logical volumes)</comment> |
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livecd ~ # <i>vgs</i> |
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VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree |
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vg 1 8 0 wz--n 554.09G 514.09G |
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livecd ~ # <i>lvs</i> |
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LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Copy% |
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distfiles vg -wi-a- 4.00G |
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home vg -wi-a- 10.00G |
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opt vg -wi-a- 4.00G |
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portage vg -wi-a- 2.00G |
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tmp vg -wi-a- 2.00G |
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usr vg -wi-a- 8.00G |
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var vg -wi-a- 4.00G |
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vartmp vg -wi-a- 6.00G |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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Use <c>mke2fs</c>, <c>mke2fs -j</c>, <c>mkreiserfs</c>, <c>mkfs.xfs</c> and |
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<c>mkfs.jfs</c> to create file systems. Initialize swap using <c>mkswap</c> and |
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<c>swapon</c>. |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Create the file systems and activate swap"> |
| 321 |
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<comment>(ext2 is all you need on the /boot partition)</comment> |
| 322 |
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livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs /dev/md1</i> |
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<comment>(Let's use ext3 on the root partition)</comment> |
| 325 |
nightmorph |
1.13 |
livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs -j /dev/md3</i> |
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neysx |
1.1 |
|
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<comment>(Create file systems on logical volumes)</comment> |
| 328 |
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livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs -b 4096 -T largefile /dev/vg/distfiles</i> |
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nightmorph |
1.13 |
livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs -j /dev/vg/home</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs -j /dev/vg/opt</i> |
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neysx |
1.1 |
livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs -b 1024 -N 200000 /dev/vg/portage</i> |
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livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs /dev/vg/tmp</i> |
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nightmorph |
1.13 |
livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs -j /dev/vg/usr</i> |
| 334 |
|
|
livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs -j /dev/vg/var</i> |
| 335 |
neysx |
1.1 |
livecd ~ # <i>mke2fs /dev/vg/vartmp</i> |
| 336 |
|
|
|
| 337 |
|
|
<comment>(Create and activate swap)</comment> |
| 338 |
|
|
livecd ~ # <i>mkswap /dev/sda2 && mkswap /dev/sdb2</i> |
| 339 |
|
|
livecd ~ # <i>swapon -p 1 /dev/sda2 && swapon -p 1 /dev/sdb2</i> |
| 340 |
|
|
<comment>(Check that all swap partitions use the same priority)</comment> |
| 341 |
|
|
livecd ~ # <i>swapon -v -s</i> |
| 342 |
|
|
Filename Type Size Used Priority |
| 343 |
|
|
/dev/sda2 partition 401616 0 1 |
| 344 |
|
|
/dev/sdb2 partition 401616 0 1 |
| 345 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 346 |
|
|
|
| 347 |
|
|
<p> |
| 348 |
|
|
Mount the freshly created file systems on <path>/mnt/gentoo</path>. Create |
| 349 |
|
|
directories for the other mount points and mount them too. |
| 350 |
|
|
</p> |
| 351 |
|
|
|
| 352 |
|
|
<pre caption="Mount the file systems"> |
| 353 |
|
|
livecd ~ # <i>mount /dev/md3 /mnt/gentoo</i> |
| 354 |
|
|
livecd ~ # <i>cd /mnt/gentoo</i> |
| 355 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mkdir boot home usr opt var tmp</i> |
| 356 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mount /dev/md1 /mnt/gentoo/boot</i> |
| 357 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mount /dev/vg/usr /mnt/gentoo/usr</i> |
| 358 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mount /dev/vg/home /mnt/gentoo/home</i> |
| 359 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mount /dev/vg/opt /mnt/gentoo/opt</i> |
| 360 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mount /dev/vg/tmp /mnt/gentoo/tmp</i> |
| 361 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mount /dev/vg/var /mnt/gentoo/var</i> |
| 362 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mkdir usr/portage var/tmp</i> |
| 363 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mount /dev/vg/vartmp /mnt/gentoo/var/tmp</i> |
| 364 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mount /dev/vg/portage /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage</i> |
| 365 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mkdir usr/portage/distfiles</i> |
| 366 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>mount /dev/vg/distfiles /mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/distfiles</i> |
| 367 |
|
|
|
| 368 |
|
|
<comment>(Set proper perms on tmp directories)</comment> |
| 369 |
|
|
livecd gentoo # <i>chmod 1777 /mnt/gentoo/tmp /mnt/gentoo/var/tmp</i> |
| 370 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 371 |
|
|
|
| 372 |
|
|
</body> |
| 373 |
|
|
</section> |
| 374 |
|
|
|
| 375 |
|
|
<section> |
| 376 |
neysx |
1.20 |
<include href="gentoo-x86-quickinstall-stage.xml"/> |
| 377 |
neysx |
1.1 |
</section> |
| 378 |
|
|
|
| 379 |
|
|
<section> |
| 380 |
|
|
<title>Kernel Configuration</title> |
| 381 |
|
|
<body> |
| 382 |
|
|
|
| 383 |
|
|
<p> |
| 384 |
nightmorph |
1.11 |
Install a kernel source (usually <c>gentoo-sources</c>), configure it, compile |
| 385 |
|
|
it and copy the <path>arch/i386/boot/bzImage</path> file to <path>/boot</path>. |
| 386 |
neysx |
1.1 |
</p> |
| 387 |
|
|
|
| 388 |
|
|
<pre caption="Install a kernel source, compile it and install the kernel"> |
| 389 |
|
|
livecd etc # <i>time emerge gentoo-sources</i> |
| 390 |
|
|
|
| 391 |
|
|
real 3m3.110s |
| 392 |
|
|
user 1m2.320s |
| 393 |
|
|
sys 0m34.990s |
| 394 |
|
|
livecd etc # <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i> |
| 395 |
|
|
livecd linux # <i>make menuconfig</i> |
| 396 |
|
|
|
| 397 |
neysx |
1.2 |
<comment>(Configure your kernel as usual and make sure the raid and lvm modules you need are |
| 398 |
|
|
compiled in, i.e. <b>not</b> as modules. The same applies to the disk drivers and filesystems.)</comment> |
| 399 |
neysx |
1.1 |
Multi-device support (RAID and LVM) ---> |
| 400 |
|
|
[*] Multiple devices driver support (RAID and LVM) |
| 401 |
|
|
<*> RAID support |
| 402 |
|
|
< > Linear (append) mode (NEW) |
| 403 |
|
|
<*> RAID-0 (striping) mode |
| 404 |
|
|
<*> RAID-1 (mirroring) mode |
| 405 |
|
|
< > RAID-10 (mirrored striping) mode (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW) |
| 406 |
|
|
< > RAID-4/RAID-5 mode (NEW) |
| 407 |
|
|
< > RAID-6 mode (NEW) |
| 408 |
|
|
< > Multipath I/O support (NEW) |
| 409 |
|
|
< > Faulty test module for MD (NEW) |
| 410 |
|
|
<*> Device mapper support |
| 411 |
|
|
< > Crypt target support (NEW) |
| 412 |
|
|
< > Snapshot target (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW) |
| 413 |
|
|
< > Mirror target (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW) |
| 414 |
|
|
< > Zero target (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW) |
| 415 |
|
|
< > Multipath target (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW) |
| 416 |
|
|
< > Bad Block Relocation Device Target (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW) |
| 417 |
|
|
|
| 418 |
|
|
livecd linux # <i>time make -j2</i> |
| 419 |
|
|
|
| 420 |
|
|
<comment>(Elapsed time depends highly on the options you selected)</comment> |
| 421 |
|
|
real 5m5.869s |
| 422 |
|
|
user 4m32.320s |
| 423 |
|
|
sys 0m32.930s |
| 424 |
|
|
|
| 425 |
|
|
livecd linux # <i>make modules_install</i> |
| 426 |
|
|
livecd linux # <i>cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel</i> |
| 427 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 428 |
|
|
|
| 429 |
swift |
1.30 |
<p> |
| 430 |
|
|
Next build an initramfs to boot the system with. |
| 431 |
|
|
</p> |
| 432 |
|
|
|
| 433 |
|
|
<pre caption="Building an initramfs"> |
| 434 |
|
|
# <i>emerge genkernel</i> |
| 435 |
|
|
# <i>genkernel --install --no-ramdisk-modules --lvm --mdadm initramfs</i> |
| 436 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 437 |
|
|
|
| 438 |
neysx |
1.1 |
</body> |
| 439 |
|
|
</section> |
| 440 |
|
|
|
| 441 |
|
|
<section> |
| 442 |
neysx |
1.20 |
<include href="gentoo-x86-quickinstall-system.xml"/> |
| 443 |
neysx |
1.1 |
</section> |
| 444 |
|
|
|
| 445 |
neysx |
1.20 |
<section id="reboot"> |
| 446 |
neysx |
1.1 |
<title>Reboot</title> |
| 447 |
|
|
<body> |
| 448 |
|
|
|
| 449 |
|
|
<p> |
| 450 |
|
|
Exit the chrooted environment, unmount all file systems and reboot: |
| 451 |
|
|
</p> |
| 452 |
|
|
|
| 453 |
|
|
<pre caption="Reboot"> |
| 454 |
|
|
livecd conf.d # <i>exit</i> |
| 455 |
nightmorph |
1.27 |
livecd / # <i>umount -l /mnt/gentoo/usr{/portage/distfiles,/portage,}</i> |
| 456 |
|
|
livecd / # <i>umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/pts,/shm,}</i> |
| 457 |
|
|
livecd / # <i>umount -l /mnt/gentoo{/usr,/var/tmp,/tmp,/var,/opt,/dev,/proc,/home,/boot,}</i> |
| 458 |
neysx |
1.1 |
livecd / # <i>reboot</i> |
| 459 |
|
|
<comment>(Don't forget to remove the CD)</comment> |
| 460 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 461 |
|
|
|
| 462 |
neysx |
1.20 |
</body> |
| 463 |
|
|
</section> |
| 464 |
neysx |
1.1 |
|
| 465 |
neysx |
1.20 |
<section> |
| 466 |
|
|
<include href="gentoo-x86-quickinstall-after-reboot.xml"/> |
| 467 |
neysx |
1.1 |
</section> |
| 468 |
neysx |
1.20 |
|
| 469 |
neysx |
1.1 |
</chapter> |
| 470 |
|
|
</guide> |
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