Gentoolkit Matt Butcher John P. Davis Erwin Shyam Mani Xavier Neys Karl Trygve José Luis Rivero Joshua Saddler Gentoolkit is a suite of tools to ease the administration of a Gentoo system. This document covers the basics of some of the tools present in Gentoolkit. 1.10 2006-11-17 Introduction
What is Gentoolkit?

Gentoo is a unique distribution and presents some complexities that simply don't exist for other distributions. As Gentoo developers and contributors discovered some of these complexities, they also wrote tools to help users and administrators work around them. Many of these tools have been contributed to the Gentoo project and are included in the package app-portage/gentoolkit.

As of now, there are two versions of gentoolkit: app-portage/gentoolkit and app-portage/gentoolkit-dev. While the former contains administration scripts, the latter contains scripts specific to help development on Gentoo. If you are a developer, you can have your scripts included into gentoolkit-dev by contacting the Gentoolkit maintainer. This document discusses gentoolkit only.

Gentoolkit contains a whole bunch of useful tools to help manage your packages and keep track of what is going on in your system. Most users -- particularly those who update systems often -- will benefit from having gentoolkit installed.

Installation

Just as with any Gentoo package, installation is just a simple emerge. 

# emerge gentoolkit
Many of the tools in gentoolkit reveal important information about your system or require root privilege. For that reason, some of the programs may only be executed (or only function properly) if run by a user with root permission.
Finding Documentation

Any documentation that a program might have (other than man pages) is stored in /usr/doc/gentoolkit-[version]/[program-name]/.

equery
Introduction

equery is a tool that displays a great deal of useful information about the packages on your system and much more. equery --help gives you the full set of options.

Not all features listed by equery --help have been implemented yet. Those that have not been, are mentioned clearly. You will also see that every command has a short option, e.g. b instead of belongs. Be aware that equery currently changes the format of the output if it is sent through a pipe. The piped format is intended to be easier to parse by tools, but you can also turn it off by adding the --no-pipe option. If you write scripts that employ equery, you should be aware of this.
Finding the Package That a File Came From

equery also provides the functionality of finding the package that a file came from, using belongs command (or just b). 

# equery belongs /usr/bin/audacious
[ Searching for file(s) /usr/bin/audacious in *... ]
media-sound/audacious-1.1.2 (/usr/bin/audacious)

By using the -f option, you may search for packages with files matching any regular expression. The -e option is useful for terminating your search immediately when a match is found.

Verifying Package Integrity

Sometimes it is useful to check a package's integrity. equery can verify md5 sums as well as timestamps to indicate when a package might have been corrupted, replaced, or removed. 

# equery check gentoolkit
[ Checking app-portage/gentoolkit-0.2.0 ]
 * 54 out of 54 files good

Please note that if you change configuration files after installation, these may be reported as "not good".

List of all packages depending on ...

equery is able to list all direct dependencies matching a package. The function we should use to do this is depends and it's as easy as: 

# equery depends pygtk
[ Searching for packages depending on pygtk... ]
app-office/dia-0.93
dev-python/gnome-python-2.0.0-r1
gnome-extra/gdesklets-core-0.26.2
media-gfx/gimp-2.0.4
x11-libs/vte-0.11.11-r1
Dependency Graphs

equery is capable of giving us a dependency graph for a specified package. The dependency graph gives a listing of all the packages that have direct and indirect dependencies on the package in question. 

# equery depgraph cdrtools
Displaying dependencies for app-cdr/cdrtools-2.01_alpha37
`-- app-cdr/cdrtools-2.01_alpha37
 `-- sys-libs/glibc-2.3.4.20040808 (virtual/libc)
  `-- sys-kernel/linux-headers-2.4.22 (virtual/os-headers)
   `-- sys-apps/baselayout-1.10.4
    `-- sys-apps/sysvinit-2.85-r1
     `-- sys-apps/gawk-3.1.3-r1
      `-- sys-apps/util-linux-2.12-r4
          `-- sys-apps/sed-4.0.9
        `-- sys-libs/ncurses-5.4-r4
            `-- sys-apps/pam-login-3.14
            `-- sys-libs/pam-0.77-r1
                 `-- sys-libs/cracklib-2.7-r10
               `-- sys-apps/miscfiles-1.3-r1
              `-- app-arch/gzip-1.3.5-r1
              `-- sys-apps/portage-2.0.50-r10

For example, while glibc is a direct dependency for cdrtools,linux-headers are an indirect dependency. Note that the output also includes information about virtual packages. In the example above, cdrtools is actually written to require virtual/libc, not sys-libs/glibc, but on the given system in the example sys-libs/glibc provides virtual/libc.

Listing Files Belonging to an Ebuild

equery can list the files that belong to an installed ebuild. If I don't know the files that Gentoolkit has installed on the system, I will use equery to show them. 

# equery files gentoolkit
[ Searching for packages matching gentoolkit... ]
app-portage/gentoolkit-0.2.0
* Contents of app-portage/gentoolkit-0.2.0:
/usr
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/equery
/usr/bin/etcat
/usr/bin/euse
/usr/bin/glsa-check
/usr/bin/qpkg
/usr/bin/revdep-rebuild
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/gentoolkit
/usr/lib/gentoolkit/pym
/usr/lib/gentoolkit/pym/gentoolkit
/usr/lib/gentoolkit/pym/gentoolkit/__init__.py
/usr/lib/gentoolkit/pym/gentoolkit/gentoolkit.py
/usr/lib/gentoolkit/pym/gentoolkit/pprinter.py
/usr/lib/gentoolkit/pym/glsa.py
/usr/sbin
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/gentoolkit-0.2.0_pre10

[...]

The command files of equery provide some options to modify the output. You can look them all up in the equery man page.

Looking for packages that use a specific USE flag

If you want to find which packages on your system that make use of a specific USE flag, equery has the function hasuse: 

# equery hasuse mozilla
[ Searching for USE flag mozilla in all categories among: ]
 * installed packages
[I--] [  ] dev-java/blackdown-jre-1.4.2.01 (1.4.2)
[I--] [  ] mail-client/evolution-2.0.2 (2.0)
Listing Packages

equery has a power feature to list packages belonging to our system, portage or even an overlay. Let's try this: 

# equery list gentoolkit
[ Searching for package 'gentoolkit' in all categories among: ]
 * installed packages
[I--] [  ] app-portage/gentoolkit-0.2.0 (0)

The standard query will search our installed packages for the name given. If found, the following info will be displayed: the package location between the first square brackets (I for Installed packages, P for Portage, O for Overlay), the possibles masks between the second (~ by keyword, - by arch or M hard masked), then the category and complete name and last of all, the slot in which the package is stored.

Another example, this time we are going to use the local options in order to look for packages in our portage tree and overlay. 

# equery list -p -o vim
[ Searching for package 'vim' in all categories among: ]
 * installed packages
[I--] [  ] app-editors/vim-6.3-r4 (0)
 * Portage tree (/usr/portage)
[-P-] [M~] app-editors/vim-7.0_alpha20050126 (0)
[-P-] [M~] app-editors/vim-7.0_alpha20050201 (0)
[-P-] [  ] app-editors/vim-6.3-r2 (0)
[-P-] [M~] app-editors/vim-7.0_alpha20050122 (0)
[-P-] [M~] app-editors/vim-core-7.0_alpha20050126 (0)
[-P-] [  ] app-editors/vim-core-6.3-r3 (0)
[-P-] [M~] app-editors/vim-core-7.0_alpha20050122 (0)
[-P-] [M~] app-editors/vim-core-7.0_alpha20050201 (0)
[-P-] [  ] app-editors/vim-core-6.3-r4 (0)
 * overlay tree (/opt/ebuilds)
Finding Package Sizes

Ever been curious to find out how much space a specific package is occupying? Since a package could have its files over a number of directories, the usual du -hc might not give you the correct figure. Not to worry, here comes equery to the rescue! 

# equery size openoffice-bin
* app-office/openoffice-bin-1.1.2
     Total Files : 2908
     Total Size  : 223353.31 KiB

As you can see, equery prints the total space used in kilobytes and also lists the total number of files the package has.

Package-wise list of USE Flags

equery can be used to give us information about what USE flags are being used by a specific package. It also tells us what our current USE flags are for a package and also what USE flags are available for the package. 

# equery uses wireshark
[ Colour Code : set unset ]
[ Legend    : (U) Col 1 - Current USE flags        ]
[           : (I) Col 2 - Installed With USE flags ]

 U I [ Found these USE variables in : net-analyzer/wireshark-0.99.4 ]
 - - adns      : Adds support for the adns DNS client library
 + + gtk       : Adds support for x11-libs/gtk+ (The GIMP Toolkit)
 - - ipv6      : Adds support for IP version 6
 - - kerberos  : Adds kerberos support
 - - portaudio : Adds support for the crossplatform portaudio audio API
 - - selinux   : !!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur
 - - snmp      : Adds support for the Simple Network Management Protocol if available
 + + ssl       : Adds support for Secure Socket Layer connections
 - - threads   : Adds threads support for various packages. Usually pthreads

I have installed wireshark with only the gtk and ssl flags set, but there are several other USE flags for wireshark still available. For more information on USE flags, please refer to the USE Flags chapter of the Gentoo Handbook.

Where's the ebuild?

We can also find out which ebuild is being used for a specific package using equery. This is done my using the equery which command which displays the full path to the ebuild. 

# equery which cdrtools
/usr/portage/app-cdr/cdrtools/cdrtools-2.01_alpha37.ebuild
euse
Introduction

euse is a tool to see, set and unset USE flags at various places. For more information on USE flags, please refer to the USE Flags. Please see euse -h for complete help and all options.

Viewing, Setting and Unsetting USE Flags

The euse -a command reads the current active USE flags and displays them.

There are 5 "columns" that euse now uses to show whether a flag is set/unset and where all the flag has been set. The columns are as follows -- +/-, set in the Environment, set in make.Conf, set in make.Defaults, and set in make.Globals. The output looks like [+ECDG]. 
#  euse -a
X                   [+ CD ]
aalib               [+    ]
acpi                [+ C  ]
alsa                [+ C  ]
apache2             [+ C  ]
apm                 [+  D ]
avi                 [+  D ]
berkdb              [+  D ]
bitmap-fonts        [+  D ]
bonobo              [+    ]
cdr                 [+ C  ]
crypt               [+ CD ]
cscope              [+ C  ]
cups                [+ CD ]
curl                [+    ]
emboss              [+  D ]
encode              [+  D ]
esd                 [+    ]
fam                 [+    ]
fbcon               [+ C  ]
font-server         [+  D ]
foomaticdb          [+  D ]
fortran             [+  D ]
gd                  [+ C  ]
gdbm                [+  D ]
gif                 [+ CD ]
gimpprint           [+ C  ]
gnome               [+ CD ]
gphoto2             [+    ]
gpm                 [+ CD ]
gstreamer           [+ C  ]
gtk                 [+  D ]
gtkhtml             [+ C  ]
guile               [+    ]
imagemagick         [+    ]
imlib               [+ CD ]
innodb              [+    ]
ipv6                [+  D ]
javascript          [+ C  ]
jpeg                [+ CD ]
kde                 [+  D ]
ldap                [+    ]
libg++              [+ CD ]
libwww              [+ CD ]
mad                 [+ CD ]
mbox                [+ C  ]
md5sum              [+ C  ]
mikmod              [+ CD ]
mmx                 [+ C  ]
motif               [+ CD ]
mozilla             [+ C  ]
mp3                 [+    ]
mpeg                [+ CD ]
mpeg4               [+ C  ]
mysql               [+ C  ]
ncurses             [+ CD ]
nls                 [+  D ]
nvidia              [+ C  ]
odbc                [+    ]
offensive           [+    ]
ogg                 [+ CD ]
opengl              [+ CD ]
oss                 [+  D ]
pam                 [+ CD ]
pdflib              [+ CD ]
perl                [+ CD ]
png                 [+ CD ]
python              [+ CD ]
qt                  [+  D ]
quicktime           [+ CD ]
readline            [+ CD ]
ruby                [+    ]
sdl                 [+ CD ]
slang               [+  D ]
spell               [+ CD ]
sse                 [+ C  ]
ssl                 [+ CD ]
svga                [+ CD ]
tcltk               [+ C  ]
tcpd                [+  D ]
tiff                [+ C  ]
truetype            [+ CD ]
usb                 [+ C  ]
vanilla             [+ C  ]
x86                 [+ C  ]
xml                 [+    ]
xosd                [+ C  ]
xv                  [+ CD ]
xvid                [+ C  ]
zlib                [+ CD ]

Similarly you can use the euse -a -g command to only view active global USE flags. The euse -a -l command does the same for active local USE flags.-g & -l are suboptions to euse and need an option before them (like -a) to function correctly. 

# euse -a -l
bitmap-fonts        [+  D ]
font-server         [+  D ]
fortran             [+  D ]
gimpprint           [+ C  ]
md5sum              [+ C  ]
mpeg4               [+ C  ]
nvidia              [+ C  ]
offensive           [+    ]
truetype            [+ CD ]

We can also use euse to set or unset use flags. The commands used for this are euse -E flagname (enable a flag) and euse -D flagname (disable a flag).

Do not use the euse -E or euse -D commands by themselves (without a flag). It will set/unset ALL USE flags in /etc/make.conf. Although a backup is kept at /etc/make.conf.euse_backup, please be careful while using euse -E or euse -D. 
(Enabling a USE Flag)
#  euse -E 3dfx
/etc/make.conf was modified, a backup copy has been placed at /etc/make.conf.euse_backup

(/etc/make.conf after the command)
USE="alsa acpi apache2 -arts cups cdr crypt cscope -doc fbcon gd \
     gif gimpprint gnome gpm gstreamer gtkhtml imlib \
     innodb -java javascript jpeg libg++ libwww mad mbox md5sum \
     mikmod mmx motif mozilla mpeg mpeg4 mysql ncurses nvidia \
     ogg odbc offensive opengl pam pdflib perl png python \
     quicktime readline sdl spell sse ssl svga tcltk tiff truetype usb \
     vanilla X xosd xv xvid x86 zlib 3dfx"

(Disabling the USE Flag)
#  euse -D 3dfx
/etc/make.conf was modified, a backup copy has been placed at /etc/make.conf.euse_backup

(/etc/make.conf after the command)
USE="alsa acpi apache2 -arts cups cdr crypt cscope -doc fbcon gd \
     gif gimpprint gnome gpm gstreamer gtkhtml imlib \
     innodb -java javascript jpeg libg++ libwww mad mbox md5sum \
     mikmod mmx motif mozilla mpeg mpeg4 mysql ncurses nvidia \
     ogg odbc offensive opengl pam pdflib perl png python \
     quicktime readline sdl spell sse ssl svga tcltk tiff truetype usb \
     vanilla X xosd xv xvid x86 zlib -3dfx"
euse does not physically remove the flag from make.conf. It just adds a - (minus) before the flag to unset it. You may have to manually clean up your make.conf to avoid unwanted variables.
Other tools
revdep-rebuild

This tool is Gentoo's Reverse Dependency rebuilder. It will scan your installed ebuilds to find packages that have become broken as a result of an upgrade of a package they depend on. It can emerge those packages for you but it can also happen that a given package does not work anymore with the currently installed dependencies, in which case you should upgrade the broken package to a more recent version. revdep-rebuild will pass flags to emerge which lets you use the --pretend flag to see what is going to be emerged again before you go any further. 

# revdep-rebuild -p

Checking reverse dependencies...
Packages containing binaries and libraries broken by any package update,
will be recompiled.

Collecting system binaries and libraries... done.
  (/root/.revdep-rebuild.1_files)

Collecting complete LD_LIBRARY_PATH... done.
  (/root/.revdep-rebuild.2_ldpath)

Checking dynamic linking consistency...
  broken /usr/lib/ao/plugins-2/libarts.so (requires libartsc.so.0)
  broken /usr/lib/kde3/libkpresenterpart.so (requires libartskde.so.1 libqtmcop.so.1
         libsoundserver_idl.so.1 libkmedia2_idl.so.1 libartsflow.so.1 libartsflow_idl.so.1 libmcop.so.1)
  broken /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/i686-linux/fox.so (requires libFOX-1.0.so.0)
  broken /usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.0.0/xineplug_ao_out_arts.so (requires libartsc.so.0)
  broken /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.0/i686-linux/auto/SDL_perl/SDL_perl.so (requires libSDL_gfx.so.0)
  broken /usr/lib/libloudmouth-1.so.0.0.0 (requires libgnutls.so.10)
  broken /usr/bin/k3b (requires libartskde.so.1 libqtmcop.so.1 libsoundserver_idl.so.1 libkmedia2_idl.so.1
         libartsflow.so.1 libartsflow_idl.so.1 libmcop.so.1)
  broken /usr/bin/lua (requires libhistory.so.4)
  broken /usr/bin/lyx (requires libAiksaurus-1.0.so.0)
  broken /usr/bin/luac (requires libhistory.so.4)
  broken /usr/bin/avidemux2 (requires libartsc.so.0)
  broken /usr/bin/pptout (requires libxml++-0.1.so.11)
  broken /usr/bin/xml2ps (requires libxml++-0.1.so.11)
 done.
  (/root/.revdep-rebuild.3_rebuild)

Assigning files to ebuilds... done.
  (/root/.revdep-rebuild.4_ebuilds)

Evaluating package order... done.
  (/root/.revdep-rebuild.5_order)

All prepared. Starting rebuild...
emerge --oneshot --nodeps -p =app-cdr/k3b-0.11.14 =app-office/koffice-1.3.2 =app-office/lyx-1.3.4 \
       =app-office/passepartout-0.2 =dev-lang/lua-5.0.2 =dev-ruby/fxruby-1.0.29 =media-libs/libao-0.8.5 \
       =media-libs/xine-lib-1_rc5-r3 =media-video/avidemux-2.0.26 =net-libs/loudmouth-0.16 

These are the packages that I would merge, in order:

Calculating dependencies ...done!
[ebuild   R   ] app-cdr/k3b-0.11.14  
[ebuild   R   ] app-office/koffice-1.3.2  
[ebuild   R   ] app-office/lyx-1.3.4  
[ebuild   R   ] app-office/passepartout-0.2  
[ebuild   R   ] dev-lang/lua-5.0.2  
[ebuild   R   ] dev-ruby/fxruby-1.0.29  
[ebuild   R   ] media-libs/libao-0.8.5  
[ebuild   R   ] media-libs/xine-lib-1_rc5-r3  
[ebuild   R   ] media-video/avidemux-2.0.26  
[ebuild   R   ] net-libs/loudmouth-0.16  

Now you can remove -p (or --pretend) from arguments and re-run revdep-rebuild.

If you need to rebuild some packages, you may run revdep-rebuild without the -p flag and the listed packages will be emerged again.

glsa-check

glsa-check is mainly a test tool that keeps track of the various GLSA's (Gentoo Linux Security Advisory) and will eventually be integrated into emerge and equery. For more information, please visit the Portage GLSA Integration Page.