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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 --> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-alpha-medium.xml,v 1.14 2004/09/12 22:59:22 vapier Exp $ --> |
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<sections> |
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<section> |
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<title>Hardware Requirements</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Before we start, we first list what hardware requirements you need to |
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successfully install Gentoo on your box. This of course depends on your |
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architecture. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>The Alpha Architecture</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Check the following requirements before you |
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continue with the Gentoo installation: |
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</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li> |
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You need at least 1 Gb of free disk space |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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For the <e>Alpha architecture</e>, you should check with the <uri |
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link="http://www.alphalinux.org/faq/FAQ-5.html">Alpha/Linux FAQ</uri> |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Make your Choice</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Still interested in trying out Gentoo? Well, then it is now time to |
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choose the installation medium you want to use. Yes, you have the |
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choice, no, they are not all equal, and yes, the result is always the same: a |
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Gentoo base system. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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The installation media we will describe are: |
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</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li>The Gentoo Alpha LiveCD</li> |
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</ul> |
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<p> |
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Before we continue, let's explain our three-stage installation. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>The Three Stages</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Gentoo Linux can be installed using one of three <e>stage</e> tarball files. |
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The one you choose depends on how much of the system you want to compile |
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yourself. The <e>stage1</e> tarball is used when you want to bootstrap and |
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build the entire system from scratch. The <e>stage2</e> tarball is used for |
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building the entire system from a bootstrapped "semi-compiled" state. |
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The <e>stage3</e> tarball already contains a basic Gentoo Linux system that has |
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been built for you. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Now what stage do you have to choose? |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Starting from a <e>stage1</e> allows you to have total control over the |
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optimization settings and optional build-time functionality that is |
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initially enabled on your system. This makes <e>stage1</e> installs good for |
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power users who know what they are doing. It is also a great |
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installation method for those who would like to know more about the |
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inner workings of Gentoo Linux. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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A <e>stage1</e> installation can only be performed when you have a working |
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Internet connection. |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Stage1</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti> |
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Allows you to have total control over the optimization settings and optional |
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build-time functionality that is initially enabled on your system |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Suitable for powerusers that know what they are doing</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Allows you to learn more about the inner workings of Gentoo</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>Takes a long time to finish the installation</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti> |
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If you don't intend to tweak the settings, it is probably a waste of time |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti> |
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Not suitable for networkless installations |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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<p> |
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<e>Stage2</e> installs allow you to skip the bootstrap process and doing this |
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is fine if you are happy with the optimization settings that we chose |
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for your particular <e>stage2</e> tarball. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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A <e>stage2</e> installation can only be performed when you have a working |
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Internet connection. |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Stage2</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>You don't need to bootstrap</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Faster than starting with stage1</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>You can still tweak your settings</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>You cannot tweak as much as with a stage1</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>It's not the fastest way to install Gentoo</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>You have to accept the optimizations we chose for the bootstrap</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti> |
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Not suitable for networkless installations |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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<p> |
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Choosing to go with a <e>stage3</e> allows for the fastest install of Gentoo |
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Linux, but also means that your base system will have the optimization |
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settings that we chose for you (which to be honest, are good settings |
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and were carefully chosen to enhance performance while maintaining |
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stability). <e>stage3</e> is also required if you want to install Gentoo using |
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prebuilt packages or without a network connection. |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Stage3</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Fastest way to get a Gentoo base system</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Suitable for networkless installations</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>You cannot tweak the base system - it's built already</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>You cannot brag about having used stage1 or stage2</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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<p> |
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Write down (or remember) what stage you want to use. You need this later when |
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you decide what LiveCD (or other installation medium) you want to use. You might |
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be interested to know that, if you decide to use different optimization settings |
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after having installed Gentoo, you will be able to recompile your entire system |
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with the new optimization settings. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Now take a look at the available installation media. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>The Gentoo Alpha LiveCD</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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The <e>Gentoo Alpha LiveCD</e> is a bootable CD which contain a |
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self-sustained Gentoo environment. It allows you to boot Linux from the CD. |
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During the boot process your hardware is detected and the appropriate drivers |
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are loaded. It is maintained by Gentoo developers. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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The <e>Gentoo Alpha LiveCD</e> is a small, no-nonsense, bootable CD which sole |
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purpose is to boot the system, prepare the networking and continue with the |
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Gentoo installation. It does not contain any stages (or, in some cases, a |
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single stage1 file), source code or precompiled packages. For example the |
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alpha variant of this LiveCD can be found in the |
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<path>releases/1.4_rc1/alpha</path> subdirectory and is called |
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<c>gentoo-alpha-1.4rc1-test3.iso.bz2</c>. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Download, Burn and Boot the Gentoo LiveCD</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Downloading and Burning the LiveCDs</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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You have chosen to use a Gentoo LiveCD (if not, then you are reading the |
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wrong document). We'll first start by downloading and burning the chosen |
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LiveCD. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Visit one of our <uri |
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link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">mirrors</uri> and go to |
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<path>releases/1.4rc1/alpha</path> which is where the LiveCD(s) of your choice |
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are located. Inside that directory you'll find so-called ISO-files. Those are |
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full CD images which you can write on a CD-R. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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In case you wonder if your downloaded file is corrupted or not, you can |
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check its MD5 checksum and compare it with the MD5 checksum we provide (such as |
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<path>gentoo-alpha-1.4rc1-test3.iso.bz2.md5sum</path>). You can check the MD5 |
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checksum with the <c>md5sum</c> tool under Linux/Unix or <uri |
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link="http://www.etree.org/md5com.html">md5sum</uri> for Windows. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Once downloaded, decompress the ISO file (as it is stored in a compressed format |
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using the Burrows-Wheeler text compression algorithm) using <c>bunzip2</c> (on |
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Unix/Linux systems): |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Decompressing the iso.bz2 file"> |
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# <i>bunzip2 gentoo-alpha-1.4rc1-test3.iso.bz2</i> |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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Another way to check the validity of the downloaded file is to use GnuPG to |
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verify the cryptographic signature that we provide (the file ending with |
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<path>.asc</path>). Download the signature file and obtain the public key: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Obtaining the public key"> |
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$ <i>gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 17072058</i> |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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Now verify the signature: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Verify the cryptographic signature"> |
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$ <i>gpg --verify <signature file> <downloaded iso></i> |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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To burn the downloaded ISO(s), you have to select raw-burning. How you |
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do this is highly program-dependent. We will discuss <c>cdrecord</c> and |
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<c>K3B</c> here; more information can be found in our <uri |
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link="/doc/en/faq.xml#isoburning">Gentoo FAQ</uri>. |
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</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li> |
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With cdrecord, you simply type <c>cdrecord dev=/dev/hdc</c> (replace |
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<path>/dev/hdc</path> with your CD-RW drive's device path) followed |
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by the path to the ISO file :) |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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bennyc |
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With K3B, select <c>Tools</c> > <c>CD</c> > <c>Burn Image</c>. Then |
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you can locate your ISO file within the 'Image to Burn' area. Finally click |
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<c>Start</c>. |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Booting the Alpha LiveCD(s)</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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When your Alpha is powered on, the first thing that gets started is the |
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firmware. It is loosely synonymous with the BIOS software on PC systems. There |
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are two types of firmware on Alpha systems: SRM (<e>Systems Reference |
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Manual</e>) and ARC (<e>Advanced Risc Console</e>). |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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SRM is based on the Alpha Console Subsystem specification, which provides an |
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operating environment for OpenVMS, Tru64 UNIX, and Linux operating systems. ARM |
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is based on the Advanced RISC Computing (ARC) specification, which provides |
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an operating environment for Windows NT. You can find a |
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<uri link="http://www.alphalinux.org/faq/SRM-HOWTO/">detailed guide</uri> on |
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using SRM over at the Alpha Linux website. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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If your Alpha system supports both SRC and ARCs (ARC, AlphaBIOS, ARCSBIOS) you |
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should follow <uri link="http://www.alphalinux.org/faq/x31.html">these |
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instructions</uri> for switching to SRM. If your system already uses SRM, you |
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are all set. If your system can only use ARCs (Ruffian, nautilus, xl, etc.) you |
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will need to choose <c>MILO</c> later on when we are talking about bootloaders. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Now to boot an Alpha LiveCD, put the CD-ROM in the tray and reboot the system. |
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You can use SRM to boot the LiveCD. If you cannot do that, you will have to use |
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<c>MILO</c>. If you don't have <c>MILO</c> installed already, use one of the |
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precompiled <c>MILO</c> images available on <uri |
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link="http://dev.gentoo.org/~taviso/milo/">taviso's homepage</uri>. |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Booting a CD-ROM using SRM"> |
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<comment>(List available hardware drives)</comment> |
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>>> <i>show device</i> |
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dkb0.0.1.4.0 DKB0 TOSHIBA CDROM |
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<comment>(...)</comment> |
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<comment>(Substitute dkb0 with your CD-ROM drive device)</comment> |
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>>> <i>boot dkb0 -flags 0</i> |
382 |
|
|
</pre> |
383 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
<pre caption="Booting a CD-ROM using MILO"> |
385 |
|
|
<comment>(Substitute hdb with your CD-ROM drive device)</comment> |
386 |
|
|
MILO> <i>boot hdb:boot/vmlinuz initrd=initrd.img root=/dev/ram0 init=/linuxrc</i> |
387 |
|
|
</pre> |
388 |
|
|
|
389 |
|
|
<p> |
390 |
|
|
You should have a root ("#") prompt on the current console and can also switch |
391 |
|
|
to other consoles by pressing Alt-F2, Alt-F3 and Alt-F4. Get back to the one you |
392 |
|
|
started on by pressing Alt-F1. |
393 |
|
|
</p> |
394 |
|
|
|
395 |
|
|
<p> |
396 |
|
|
Now continue with <uri link="#hardware">Extra Hardware Configuration</uri>. |
397 |
|
|
</p> |
398 |
|
|
|
399 |
|
|
</body> |
400 |
|
|
</subsection> |
401 |
|
|
<subsection id="hardware"> |
402 |
|
|
<title>Extra Hardware Configuration</title> |
403 |
|
|
<body> |
404 |
|
|
|
405 |
|
|
<p> |
406 |
|
|
When the Live CD boots, it tries to detect all your hardware devices and |
407 |
|
|
loads the appropriate kernel modules to support your hardware. In the |
408 |
|
|
vast majority of cases, it does a very good job. However, in some cases (the |
409 |
|
|
SPARC LiveCDs don't even do autodetection), it may not auto-load the kernel |
410 |
|
|
modules you need. If the PCI auto-detection missed some of your system's |
411 |
|
|
hardware, you will have to load the appropriate kernel modules manually. |
412 |
|
|
</p> |
413 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
<p> |
415 |
|
|
In the next example we try to load the <c>8139too</c> module (support for |
416 |
|
|
certain kinds of network interfaces): |
417 |
|
|
</p> |
418 |
|
|
|
419 |
|
|
<pre caption="Loading kernel modules"> |
420 |
|
|
# <i>modprobe 8139too</i> |
421 |
|
|
</pre> |
422 |
|
|
|
423 |
|
|
</body> |
424 |
|
|
</subsection> |
425 |
|
|
<subsection> |
426 |
|
|
<title>Optional: Tweaking Hard Disk Performance</title> |
427 |
|
|
<body> |
428 |
|
|
|
429 |
|
|
<p> |
430 |
|
|
If you are an advanced user, you might want to tweak the IDE hard disk |
431 |
|
|
performance using <c>hdparm</c>. With the <c>-tT</c> options you can |
432 |
|
|
test the performance of your disk (execute it several times to get a |
433 |
|
|
more precise impression): |
434 |
|
|
</p> |
435 |
|
|
|
436 |
|
|
<pre caption="Testing disk performance"> |
437 |
|
|
# <i>hdparm -tT /dev/hda</i> |
438 |
|
|
</pre> |
439 |
|
|
|
440 |
|
|
<p> |
441 |
|
|
To tweak, you can use any of the following examples (or experiment |
442 |
|
|
yourself) which use <path>/dev/hda</path> as disk (substitute with your |
443 |
|
|
disk): |
444 |
|
|
</p> |
445 |
|
|
|
446 |
|
|
<pre caption="Tweaking hard disk performance"> |
447 |
|
|
<comment>Activate DMA:</comment> # <i>hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda</i> |
448 |
|
|
<comment>Activate DMA + Safe Performance-enhancing Options:</comment> # <i>hdparm -d 1 -A 1 -m 16 -u 1 -a 64 /dev/hda</i> |
449 |
|
|
</pre> |
450 |
|
|
|
451 |
|
|
</body> |
452 |
|
|
</subsection> |
453 |
swift |
1.13 |
<subsection id="useraccounts"> |
454 |
swift |
1.1 |
<title>Optional: User Accounts</title> |
455 |
|
|
<body> |
456 |
|
|
|
457 |
|
|
<p> |
458 |
|
|
If you plan on giving other people access to your installation |
459 |
|
|
environment or you want to chat using <c>irssi</c> without root privileges (for |
460 |
|
|
security reasons), you need to create the necessary user accounts and change |
461 |
|
|
the root password. |
462 |
|
|
</p> |
463 |
|
|
|
464 |
|
|
<p> |
465 |
|
|
To change the root password, use the <c>passwd</c> utility: |
466 |
|
|
</p> |
467 |
|
|
|
468 |
|
|
<pre caption="Changing the root password"> |
469 |
|
|
# <i>passwd</i> |
470 |
|
|
New password: <comment>(Enter your new password)</comment> |
471 |
|
|
Re-enter password: <comment>(Re-enter your password)</comment> |
472 |
|
|
</pre> |
473 |
|
|
|
474 |
|
|
<p> |
475 |
swift |
1.4 |
To create a user account, we first enter their credentials, followed by |
476 |
swift |
1.1 |
its password. We use <c>useradd</c> and <c>passwd</c> for these tasks. |
477 |
|
|
In the next example, we create a user called "john". |
478 |
|
|
</p> |
479 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
<pre caption="Creating a user account"> |
481 |
|
|
# <i>useradd john</i> |
482 |
|
|
# <i>passwd john</i> |
483 |
|
|
New password: <comment>(Enter john's password)</comment> |
484 |
|
|
Re-enter password: <comment>(Re-enter john's password)</comment> |
485 |
|
|
</pre> |
486 |
|
|
|
487 |
|
|
<p> |
488 |
|
|
You can change your user id from root to the newly created user by using |
489 |
|
|
<c>su</c>: |
490 |
|
|
</p> |
491 |
|
|
|
492 |
|
|
<pre caption="Changing user id"> |
493 |
swift |
1.15 |
# <i>su - john</i> |
494 |
swift |
1.1 |
</pre> |
495 |
|
|
|
496 |
|
|
</body> |
497 |
|
|
</subsection> |
498 |
|
|
<subsection> |
499 |
swift |
1.13 |
<title>Optional: Viewing Documentation while Installing</title> |
500 |
|
|
<body> |
501 |
|
|
|
502 |
|
|
<p> |
503 |
|
|
If you want to view the Gentoo Handbook (either from-CD or online) during the |
504 |
|
|
installation, make sure you have created a user account (see <uri |
505 |
|
|
link="#useraccouts">Optional: User Accounts</uri>). Then press <c>Alt-F2</c> to |
506 |
|
|
go to a new terminal and log in. |
507 |
|
|
</p> |
508 |
|
|
|
509 |
|
|
<p> |
510 |
|
|
If you want to view the documentation on the CD you can immediately run |
511 |
|
|
<c>links2</c> to read it: |
512 |
|
|
</p> |
513 |
|
|
|
514 |
|
|
<pre caption="Viewing the on-CD documentation"> |
515 |
|
|
# <i>links2 /mnt/cdrom/docs/html/index.html</i> |
516 |
|
|
</pre> |
517 |
|
|
|
518 |
|
|
<p> |
519 |
|
|
However, it is preferred that you use the online Gentoo Handbook as it will be |
520 |
|
|
more recent than the one provided on the CD. You can view it using <c>links2</c> |
521 |
|
|
as well, but only after having completed the <e>Configuring your Network</e> |
522 |
|
|
chapter (otherwise you won't be able to go on the Internet to view the |
523 |
|
|
document): |
524 |
|
|
</p> |
525 |
|
|
|
526 |
|
|
<pre caption="Viewing the Online Documentation"> |
527 |
|
|
# <i>links2 http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-alpha.xml</i> |
528 |
|
|
</pre> |
529 |
|
|
|
530 |
|
|
<p> |
531 |
|
|
You can go back to your original terminal by pressing <c>Alt-F1</c>. |
532 |
|
|
</p> |
533 |
|
|
|
534 |
|
|
</body> |
535 |
|
|
</subsection> |
536 |
|
|
<subsection> |
537 |
swift |
1.1 |
<title>Optional: Starting the SSH Daemon</title> |
538 |
|
|
<body> |
539 |
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
<p> |
541 |
|
|
If you want to allow other users to access your computer during the |
542 |
|
|
Gentoo installation (perhaps because those users are going to help you |
543 |
|
|
install Gentoo, or even do it for you), you need to create a user |
544 |
|
|
account for them and perhaps even provide them with your root password |
545 |
|
|
(<e>only</e> do that <e>if</e> you <b>fully trust</b> that user). |
546 |
|
|
</p> |
547 |
|
|
|
548 |
|
|
<p> |
549 |
|
|
To fire up the SSH daemon, execute the following command: |
550 |
|
|
</p> |
551 |
|
|
|
552 |
|
|
<pre caption="Starting the SSH daemon"> |
553 |
|
|
# <i>/etc/init.d/sshd start</i> |
554 |
|
|
</pre> |
555 |
|
|
|
556 |
|
|
<p> |
557 |
|
|
To be able to use sshd, you first need to setup your networking. Continue with |
558 |
|
|
the chapter on <uri link="?part=1&chap=3">Configuring your Network</uri>. |
559 |
|
|
</p> |
560 |
|
|
|
561 |
|
|
</body> |
562 |
|
|
</subsection> |
563 |
|
|
</section> |
564 |
|
|
</sections> |