--- xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml 2004/08/01 11:20:51 1.39 +++ xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-config.xml 2006/03/28 10:35:59 1.76 @@ -2,11 +2,15 @@ - + - + + +2.18 +2006-03-28 +
Filesystem Information @@ -17,8 +21,8 @@ Under Linux, all partitions used by the system must be listed in /etc/fstab. This file contains the mountpoints of those partitions (where they are seen in the file system structure), how they should be mounted -(special options) and when (automatically or not, can users mount those or not, -etc.). +and with what special options (automatically or not, whether users can mount +them or not, etc.)

@@ -48,7 +52,7 @@
  • The fourth field shows the mountoptions used by mount when it wants to mount the partition. As every filesystem has its own mountoptions, - you are encouraged to read the mount manpage (man mount) for a full + you are encouraged to read the mount man page (man mount) for a full listing. Multiple mountoptions are comma-separated.
  • @@ -59,12 +63,13 @@ The sixth field is used by fsck to determine the order in which filesystems should be checked if the system wasn't shut down properly. The root filesystem should have 1 while the rest should have 2 - (or 0 in case a filesystem check isn't necessary). + (or 0 if a filesystem check isn't necessary).
  • -So start nano (or your favorite editor) to create your +The default /etc/fstab file provided by Gentoo is no valid fstab +file, so start nano (or your favorite editor) to create your /etc/fstab:

    @@ -75,7 +80,8 @@

    Let us take a look at how we write down the options for the /boot partition. This is just an example, so if your architecture doesn't require a -/boot partition (such as PPC), don't copy it verbatim. +/boot partition (such as Apple PPC machines), don't copy it +verbatim.

    @@ -90,9 +96,9 @@

    Some users don't want their /boot partition to be mounted -automatically. Those people should substitute defaults with -noauto. This does mean that you need to manually mount this partition -every time you want to use it. +automatically to improve their system's security. Those people should +substitute defaults with noauto. This does mean that you need to +manually mount this partition every time you want to use it.

    @@ -102,7 +108,7 @@

    -/dev/hda1   /boot     ext2    noauto,noatime    1 2
    +/dev/hda1   /boot     ext2    defaults,noatime    1 2
     

    @@ -111,7 +117,7 @@

    -/dev/hda1   /boot     ext2    noauto,noatime    1 2
    +/dev/hda1   /boot     ext2    defaults,noatime  1 2
     /dev/hda2   none      swap    sw                0 0
     /dev/hda3   /         ext3    noatime           0 1
     
    @@ -123,12 +129,12 @@

    -/dev/hda1   /boot     ext2    noauto,noatime    1 2
    -/dev/hda2   none      swap    sw                0 0
    -/dev/hda3   /         ext3    noatime           0 1
    +/dev/hda1   /boot     ext2    defaults,noatime     1 2
    +/dev/hda2   none      swap    sw                   0 0
    +/dev/hda3   /         ext3    noatime              0 1
     
    -none        /proc     proc    defaults          0 0
    -none        /dev/shm  tmpfs   defaults          0 0
    +none        /proc     proc    defaults             0 0
    +none        /dev/shm  tmpfs   nodev,nosuid,noexec  0 0
     
     /dev/cdroms/cdrom0    /mnt/cdrom    auto      noauto,user    0 0
     
    @@ -151,14 +157,6 @@

    -If you need usbfs, add the following line to /etc/fstab: -

    - -
    -none        /proc/bus/usb   usbfs         defaults      0 0
    -
    - -

    Double-check your /etc/fstab, save and quit to continue.

    @@ -184,7 +182,10 @@

    -# echo tux > /etc/hostname
    +# nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname
    +
    +(Set the HOSTNAME variable to your hostname)
    +HOSTNAME="tux"
     

    @@ -192,7 +193,10 @@

    -# echo homenetwork > /etc/dnsdomainname
    +# nano -w /etc/conf.d/domainname
    +
    +(Set the DNSDOMAIN variable to your domain name)
    +DNSDOMAIN="homenetwork"
     

    @@ -201,15 +205,10 @@

    -# echo nis.homenetwork > /etc/nisdomainname
    -
    - -

    -Now add the domainname script to the default runlevel: -

    +# nano -w /etc/conf.d/domainname -
    -# rc-update add domainname default
    +(Set the NISDOMAIN variable to your NIS domain name)
    +NISDOMAIN="my-nisdomain"
     
    @@ -220,20 +219,34 @@

    Before you get that "Hey, we've had that already"-feeling, you should remember -that the networking you set up in the beginning of the gentoo installation was +that the networking you set up in the beginning of the Gentoo installation was just for the installation. Right now you are going to configure networking for your Gentoo system permanently.

    + +More detailed information about networking, including advanced topics like +bonding, bridging, 802.1Q VLANs or wireless networking is covered in the Gentoo Network Configuration section. + +

    All networking information is gathered in /etc/conf.d/net. It uses -a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to setup -networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything :) +a straightforward yet not intuitive syntax if you don't know how to set up +networking manually. But don't fear, we'll explain everything. A fully +commented example that covers many different configurations is available in +/etc/conf.d/net.example.

    -First open /etc/conf.d/net with your favorite editor (nano -is used in this example): +DHCP is used by default and does not require any further configuration. +

    + +

    +If you need to configure your network connection either because you need +specific DHCP options or because you do not use DHCP at all, open +/etc/conf.d/net with your favorite editor (nano is used in +this example):

    @@ -241,54 +254,44 @@
     

    -The first variable you'll find is iface_eth0. It uses the following -syntax: +You will see the following file:

    -
    -iface_eth0="<your ip address> broadcast <your broadcast address> netmask <your netmask>"
    +
    +# This blank configuration will automatically use DHCP for any net.*
    +# scripts in /etc/init.d.  To create a more complete configuration,
    +# please review /etc/conf.d/net.example and save your configuration
    +# in /etc/conf.d/net (this file :]!).
     

    -If you use DHCP (automatic IP retrieval), you should just set iface_eth0 -to dhcp. If you use rp-pppoe (e.g. for ADSL), set it to up. -If you need to setup your network manually and you're -not familiar with all the above terms, please read the section on Understanding Network -Terminology if you haven't done so already. +To enter your own IP address, netmask and gateway, you need +to set both config_eth0 and routes_eth0:

    +
    +config_eth0=( "192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.0.255" )
    +routes_eth0=( "default gw 192.168.0.1" )
    +
    +

    -So let us give three examples; the first one uses DHCP, the second one a static -IP (192.168.0.2) with netmask 255.255.255.0, broadcast 192.168.0.255 and -gateway 192.168.0.1 while the third one just activates the interface for -rp-pppoe usage: +To use DHCP and add specific DHCP options, define config_eth0 and +dhcp_eth0:

    -
    -(For DHCP)
    -iface_eth0="dhcp"
    -# Some network admins require that you use the
    -# hostname and domainname provided by the DHCP server.
    -# In that case, add the following to let dhcpcd use them.
    -# That will override your own hostname and domainname definitions.
    -dhcpcd_eth0="-HD"
    -# If you intend on using NTP to keep your machine clock synchronized, use
    -# the -N option to prevent dhcpcd from overwriting your /etc/ntp.conf file
    -dhcpcd_eth0="-N"
    -
    -(For static IP)
    -iface_eth0="192.168.0.2 broadcast 192.168.0.255 netmask 255.255.255.0"
    -gateway="eth0/192.168.0.1"
    -
    -(For rp-pppoe)
    -iface_eth0="up"
    +
    +config_eth0=( "dhcp" )
    +dhcp_eth0="nodns nontp nonis"
     

    -If you have several network interfaces, create extra iface_eth variables, -like iface_eth1, iface_eth2 etc. The gateway variable -shouldn't be reproduced as you can only set one gateway per computer. +Please read /etc/conf.d/net.example for a list of all available +options. +

    + +

    +If you have several network interfaces repeat the above steps for +config_eth1, config_eth2, etc.

    @@ -302,7 +305,7 @@

    -To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add those to the +To have your network interfaces activated at boot, you need to add them to the default runlevel. If you have PCMCIA interfaces you should skip this action as the PCMCIA interfaces are started by the PCMCIA init script.

    @@ -352,11 +355,11 @@

    If your system is the only system (or the nameservers handle all name resolution) a single line is sufficient. For instance, if you want to call your -system tux.homenetwork: +system tux:

    -127.0.0.1     tux.homenetwork tux localhost
    +127.0.0.1     localhost tux
     

    @@ -380,8 +383,10 @@

    -PCMCIA-users should first install the pcmcia-cs package. The -USE="-X" is necessary to avoid installing xorg-x11 at this moment: +PCMCIA-users should first install the pcmcia-cs package. This also +includes users who will be working with a 2.6 kernel (even though they won't be +using the PCMCIA drivers from this package). The USE="-X" is necessary +to avoid installing xorg-x11 at this moment:

    @@ -402,6 +407,31 @@
     
    System Information + +Root Password + + +

    +First we set the root password by typing: +

    + +
    +# passwd
    +
    + +

    +If you want root to be able to log on through the serial console, add +tts/0 to /etc/securetty: +

    + +
    +# echo "tts/0" >> /etc/securetty
    +
    + + +
    + +System Information

    @@ -414,28 +444,100 @@

    +When you're finished configuring /etc/rc.conf, save and exit. +

    + +

    As you can see, this file is well commented to help you set up the necessary -configuration variables. Take special care with the KEYMAP setting: if -you select the wrong KEYMAP you will get weird results when typing on -your keyboard. +configuration variables. You can configure your system to use unicode and +define your default editor and your display manager (like gdm or kdm). +

    + +

    +Gentoo uses /etc/conf.d/keymaps to handle keyboard configuration. +Edit it to configure your keyboard. +

    + +
    +# nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps
    +
    + +

    +Take special care with the KEYMAP variable. If you select the wrong +KEYMAP, you will get weird results when typing on your keyboard.

    Users of USB-based SPARC systems and SPARC clones might need to -select an i386 keymap (such as "us") instead of "sunkeymap". +select an i386 keymap (such as "us") instead of "sunkeymap". PPC uses x86 +keymaps on most systems. Users who want to be able to use ADB keymaps on boot +have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have to set a mac/ppc +keymap in /etc/conf.d/keymaps.

    -PPC uses x86 keymaps on most systems. Users who want to be able to use -ADB keymaps on boot have to enable ADB keycode sendings in their kernel and have -to set a mac/ppc keymap in rc.conf. +When you're finished configuring /etc/conf.d/keymaps, save and +exit. +

    + +

    +Gentoo uses /etc/conf.d/clock to set clock options. Edit it +according to your needs.

    +
    +# nano -w /etc/conf.d/clock
    +
    +

    -When you're finished configuring /etc/rc.conf, save and exit, then -continue with Configuring the Bootloader. +If your hardware clock is not using UTC, you need to add CLOCK="local" to +the file. Otherwise you will notice some clock skew. Furthermore, Windows +assumes that your hardware clock uses local time, so if you want to dualboot, +you should set this variable appropriately, otherwise your clock will go crazy. +

    + +

    +When you're finished configuring /etc/conf.d/clock, save and +exit. +

    + +

    +If you are not installing Gentoo on IBM PPC64 hardware, continue with +Installing Necessary System Tools.

    +
    + +Configuring the Console + + + +The following section applies to the IBM PPC64 hardware platforms. + + +

    +If you are running Gentoo on IBM PPC64 hardware and using a virtual console +you must uncomment the appropriate line in /etc/inittab for the +virtual console to spawn a login prompt. +

    + +
    +hvc0:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -L 9600 hvc0
    +hvsi:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -L 19200 hvsi0
    +
    + +

    +You should also take this time to verify that the appropriate console is +listed in /etc/securetty. +

    + +

    +You may now continue with Installing Necessary +System Tools. +

    + + +