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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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|
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-mips-system.xml,v 1.1 2006/08/30 22:52:28 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
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|
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<sections> |
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|
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<version>7.1</version> |
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<date>2006-10-08</date> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Chrooting</title> |
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<!--<subsection> MIPS install media doesn't include mirrorselect |
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<title>Optional: Selecting Mirrors</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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In order to download source code quickly it is recommended to select a fast |
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mirror. Portage will look in your <path>make.conf</path> file for the |
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GENTOO_MIRRORS variable and use the mirrors listed therein. You can surf to |
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our <uri link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">mirror list</uri> and search |
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for a mirror (or mirrors) close to you (as those are most frequently the |
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fastest ones), but we provide a nice tool called <c>mirrorselect</c> which |
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provides you with a nice interface to select the mirrors you want. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Using mirrorselect for the GENTOO_MIRRORS variable"> |
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# <i>mirrorselect -i -o >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<warn> |
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Do not select any IPv6 mirrors. Our stages currently do not support IPv6. |
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</warn> |
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|
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<p> |
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A second important setting is the SYNC setting in <path>make.conf</path>. This |
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variable contains the rsync server you want to use when updating your Portage |
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tree (the collection of ebuilds, scripts containing all the information Portage |
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needs to download and install software). Although you can manually enter a SYNC |
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server for yourself, <c>mirrorselect</c> can ease that operation for you: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Selecting an rsync mirror using mirrorselect"> |
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# <i>mirrorselect -i -r -o >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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After running <c>mirrorselect</c> it is adviseable to double-check the settings |
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in <path>/mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf</path> ! |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection>--> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Copy DNS Info</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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One thing still remains to be done before we enter the new environment and that |
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is copying over the DNS information in <path>/etc/resolv.conf</path>. You need |
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to do this to ensure that networking still works even after entering the new |
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environment. <path>/etc/resolv.conf</path> contains the nameservers for your |
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network. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Copy over DNS information"> |
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<comment>(The "-L" option is needed to make sure we don't copy a symbolic link)</comment> |
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# <i>cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Mounting the /proc and /dev Filesystems</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Mount the <path>/proc</path> filesystem on <path>/mnt/gentoo/proc</path> to |
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allow the installation to use the kernel-provided information within the |
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chrooted environment, and then mount-bind the <path>/dev</path> filesystem. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Mounting /proc and /dev"> |
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# <i>mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc</i> |
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# <i>mount -o bind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Entering the new Environment</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now that all partitions are initialized and the base environment |
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installed, it is time to enter our new installation environment by |
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<e>chrooting</e> into it. This means that we change from the current |
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installation environment (Installation CD or other installation medium) to your |
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installation system (namely the initialized partitions). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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This chrooting is done in three steps. First we will change the root |
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from <path>/</path> (on the installation medium) to <path>/mnt/gentoo</path> |
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(on your partitions) using <c>chroot</c>. Then we will create a new environment |
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using <c>env-update</c>, which essentially creates environment variables. |
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Finally, we load those variables into memory using <c>source</c>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption = "Chrooting into the new environment"> |
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# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash</i> |
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# <i>env-update</i> |
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>> Regenerating /etc/ld.so.cache... |
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# <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
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# <i>export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Congratulations! You are now inside your own Gentoo Linux environment. |
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Of course it is far from finished, which is why the installation still |
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has some sections left :-) |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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|
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<section> |
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<title>Configuring Portage</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Updating the Portage tree</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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You should now update your Portage tree to the latest version. <c>emerge |
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--sync</c> does this for you. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Updating the Portage tree"> |
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# <i>emerge --sync</i> |
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<comment>(If you're using a slow terminal like some framebuffers or a serial |
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console, you can add the --quiet option to speed up this process:)</comment> |
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# <i>emerge --sync --quiet</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you are behind a firewall that blocks rsync traffic, you can use |
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<c>emerge-webrsync</c> which will download and install a portage snapshot for |
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you. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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If you are warned that a new Portage version is available and that you should |
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update Portage, you should do it now using <c>emerge portage</c> command. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Choosing the Right Profile</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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First, a small definition is in place. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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A profile is a building block for any Gentoo system. Not only does it specify |
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default values for CHOST, CFLAGS and other important variables, it also locks |
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the system to a certain range of package versions. This is all maintained by the |
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Gentoo developers. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Since 2006.0, there has been a re-shuffle regarding the profiles for MIPS |
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systems. These profiles set various options including USE flags, which affect |
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what patchsets are enabled with various system-critical packages (notably, |
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<c>gcc</c> and <c>mips-sources</c>). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Previously, such a profile was barely touched by the user. However, x86, hppa |
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and alpha users can choose between two profiles, one for a 2.4 kernel and one |
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for a 2.6 kernel. This requirement has been imposed to improve the integration |
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of the 2.6 kernels. The ppc and ppc64 architectures have several profiles |
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available as well. We will talk about those later. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Thus, care needs to be taken to ensure the correct profile is selected for your |
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system type. As of Gentoo/MIPS 2006.1, the profiles are: |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>System</th> |
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<th>Profile</th> |
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<th>Userland</th> |
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<th>Status/Notes</th> |
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</tr> |
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|
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<tr> |
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<ti>Cobalt Qube/RaQ</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/cobalt/o32</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Recommended</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/cobalt/o32/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>In Testing (1)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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|
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<tr> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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</tr> |
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|
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<tr> |
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<ti> |
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Generic Big Endian<br /> |
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<e>Including SGI Indy, Indigo2 (R4x00), Challenge S and O2</e> |
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</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/generic-be/o32</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Recommended</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/generic-be/o32/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>In Testing (1)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/generic-be/n32</ti> |
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<ti>N32 Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Highly Experimental (2)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/generic-be/n32/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>N32 NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>Highly Experimental (1) (2)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/generic-be/n64</ti> |
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<ti>N64 Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Unsupported (3)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/generic-be/n64/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>N64 NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>Unsupported (1) (3)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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|
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<tr> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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</tr> |
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|
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<tr> |
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<ti>SGI Origin 200/2000</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip27/o32</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Recommended</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip27/o32/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>In Testing (1)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip27/n32</ti> |
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<ti>N32 Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Highly Experimental (2)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip27/n32/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>N32 NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>Highly Experimental (1) (2)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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|
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<tr> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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</tr> |
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|
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<tr> |
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<ti>SGI Indigo2 Impact R10000</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip28/o32</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Recommended</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip28/o32/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>In Testing (1)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip28/n32</ti> |
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<ti>N32 Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Highly Experimental (2)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip28/n32/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>N32 NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>Highly Experimental (1) (2)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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|
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<tr> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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<th> </th> |
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</tr> |
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|
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<tr> |
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<ti>SGI Octane/Octane2</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip30/o32</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Recommended</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip30/o32/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>32-bit NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>In Testing (1)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip30/n32</ti> |
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<ti>N32 Linuxthreads</ti> |
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<ti>Highly Experimental (2)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<ti>"</ti> |
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<ti>default-linux/mips/2006.1/ip30/n32/nptl</ti> |
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<ti>N32 NPTL</ti> |
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<ti>Highly Experimental (1) (2)</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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<impo> |
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(1) NPTL is in-testing on MIPS at this stage, requiring |
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<c>gcc-4.1</c> and <c>glibc-2.4</c>. These profiles |
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are a work-in-progress, and are not guaranteed to work. It is recommended that |
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people do not use these profiles until all the issues have been resolved. |
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</impo> |
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|
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<warn> |
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(2) n32 Userland is highly experimental, a lot of software has problems with |
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this ABI, and thus it is practically guaranteed that you will run into stability |
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problems at some point. Work is being done to improve the situation, however, |
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no support is offered if you use this profile, unless you're willing to help |
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fix problems by submitting patches. |
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</warn> |
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|
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<warn> |
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(3) n64 Userland at present is completely unsupported on all systems. At this |
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time there are no stages available that support n64, and this isn't likely to |
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change in the near future. |
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</warn> |
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|
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<p> |
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You can see what profile you are currently using with the following command: |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Verifying system profile"> |
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# <i>ls -FGg /etc/make.profile</i> |
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 48 Apr 8 18:51 /etc/make.profile -> ../usr/portage/profiles/default-linux/mips/2006.1/generic-be/o32/ |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Having looked through the profiles above, and decided which one is the most |
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appropriate, you need to adjust your <path>make.profile</path> symlink to |
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reflect this. By default, the profiles are in |
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<path>/usr/portage/profiles</path>, so if you've moved your portage tree |
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elsewhere (not recommended), adjust the commands below accordingly. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Setting the profile"> |
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<comment>(Delete the old profile symlink)</comment> |
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# <i>rm -f /etc/make.profile</i> |
| 403 |
|
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<comment>(Create a new symlink pointing to your chosen profile ) |
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(For example, this is what one would use on an Indy or O2.)</comment> |
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# <i>ln -s /usr/portage/profiles/default-linux/mips/2006.1/generic-be/o32</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<note> |
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A tip for those not familiar with the Bourne Again Shell... If you partially |
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type a filename or command, then hit the TAB key, it will automatically fill out |
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the command/filename until the last common character. E.g. typing |
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<c>/usr/portage/profiles/def<TAB></c>, <c>bash</c> will automatically put |
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down <c>default-</c>. Pressing TAB a couple of more times will reveal the |
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possibilities, <c>default-linux</c>, <c>default-darwin</c> and |
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<c>default-bsd</c>. Give it a try, you'll find it very handy for navigating the |
| 417 |
command line. |
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</note> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection id="configure_USE"> |
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<title>Configuring the USE variable</title> |
| 424 |
<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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<c>USE</c> is one of the most powerful variables Gentoo provides to its users. |
| 428 |
Several programs can be compiled with or without optional support for certain |
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items. For instance, some programs can be compiled with gtk-support, or with |
| 430 |
qt-support. Others can be compiled with or without SSL support. Some programs |
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can even be compiled with framebuffer support (svgalib) instead of X11 support |
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(X-server). |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Most distributions compile their packages with support for as much as possible, |
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increasing the size of the programs and startup time, not to mention an enormous |
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amount of dependencies. With Gentoo you can define what options a package |
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should be compiled with. This is where <c>USE</c> comes into play. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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In the <c>USE</c> variable you define keywords which are mapped onto |
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compile-options. For instance, <e>ssl</e> will compile ssl-support in the |
| 445 |
programs that support it. <e>-X</e> will remove X-server support (note the |
| 446 |
minus sign in front). <e>gnome gtk -kde -qt3 -qt4</e> will compile your |
| 447 |
programs with gnome (and gtk) support, and not with kde (and qt) support, |
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making your system fully tweaked for GNOME. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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The default <c>USE</c> settings are placed in the <path>make.defaults</path> |
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files of your profile. You will find <path>make.defaults</path> files in the |
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directory which <path>/etc/make.profile</path> points to and all parent |
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directories as well. The default <c>USE</c> setting is the sum of all <c>USE</c> |
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settings in all <path>make.defaults</path> files. What you place in |
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<path>/etc/make.conf</path> is calculated against these defaults settings. If |
| 458 |
you add something to the <c>USE</c> setting, it is added to the default list. If |
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you remove something from the <c>USE</c> setting (by placing a minus sign in |
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front of it) it is removed from the default list (if it was in the default list |
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at all). <e>Never</e> alter anything inside the <path>/etc/make.profile</path> |
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directory; it gets overwritten when you update Portage! |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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A full description on <c>USE</c> can be found in the second part of the Gentoo |
| 467 |
Handbook, <uri link="?part=2&chap=2">USE flags</uri>. A full description on |
| 468 |
the available USE flags can be found on your system in |
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<path>/usr/portage/profiles/use.desc</path>. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Viewing available USE flags"> |
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# <i>less /usr/portage/profiles/use.desc</i> |
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<comment>(You can scroll using your arrow keys, exit by pressing 'q')</comment> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
| 478 |
As an example we show a <c>USE</c> setting for a KDE-based system with DVD, ALSA |
| 479 |
and CD Recording support: |
| 480 |
</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Opening /etc/make.conf"> |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/make.conf</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
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<pre caption="USE setting"> |
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USE="-gtk -gnome qt3 qt4 kde dvd alsa cdr" |
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</pre> |
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|
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
| 492 |
<subsection> |
| 493 |
<title>Optional: GLIBC Locales</title> |
| 494 |
<body> |
| 495 |
|
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<p> |
| 497 |
You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. You can |
| 498 |
specify locales you will need in <path>/etc/locale.gen</path>. |
| 499 |
</p> |
| 500 |
|
| 501 |
<pre caption="Opening /etc/locale.gen"> |
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# <i>nano -w /etc/locale.gen</i> |
| 503 |
</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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The following locales are an example to get both English (United States) and |
| 507 |
German (Germany) with the accompanying character formats (like UTF-8). |
| 508 |
</p> |
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|
| 510 |
<pre caption="Specify your locales"> |
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en_US ISO-8859-1 |
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en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 |
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de_DE ISO-8859-1 |
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de_DE@euro ISO-8859-15 |
| 515 |
</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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The next step is to run <c>locale-gen</c>. It will generate all the locales you |
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have specified in the <path>/etc/locale.gen</path> file. |
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</p> |
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|
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<note> |
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<c>locale-gen</c> is available in <c>glibc-2.3.6-r4</c> and newer. If you have |
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an older version of glibc, you should update it now. |
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</note> |
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|
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<p> |
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Now continue with <uri link="?part=1&chap=7">Configuring the Kernel</uri>. |
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</p> |
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|
| 531 |
</body> |
| 532 |
</subsection> |
| 533 |
</section> |
| 534 |
</sections> |
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