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<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> |
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- $Header: /home/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-sparc-medium.xml,v 1.6 2004/04/28 07:52:30 swift Exp $ --> |
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<sections> |
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<section> |
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<title>Hardware Requirements</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Before we start, we first list what hardware requirements you need to |
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successfully install Gentoo on your box. This of course depends on your |
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architecture. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>The SPARC Architecture</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Check the following requirements before you |
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continue with the Gentoo installation: |
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</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li> |
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You need at least 1 Gb of free disk space |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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If you do not use prebuilt packages, you need at least 300 Mb of memory (RAM + |
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swap) |
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</li> |
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<li> |
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For the <e>SPARC architecture</e>, you should check with the <uri |
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link="http://www.ultralinux.org/faq.html#s_2">UltraLinux FAQ</uri> |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Make your Choice</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Introduction</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Still interested in trying out Gentoo? Well, then it is now time to |
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choose the installation medium you want to use. Yes, you have the |
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choice, no, they are not all equal, and yes, the result is always the same: a |
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Gentoo base system. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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The installation media we will describe are: |
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</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li>Gentoo's Minimal LiveCD</li> |
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<li>Gentoo's Universal LiveCD</li> |
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</ul> |
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<p> |
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Every single media has its advantages and disadvantages. We will list |
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the pros and cons of every medium so you have all the information to |
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make a justified decision. But before we continue, let's explain our |
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three-stage installation. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>The Three Stages</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Gentoo Linux can be installed using one of three <e>stage</e> tarball files. |
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The one you choose depends on how much of the system you want to compile |
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yourself. The <e>stage1</e> tarball is used when you want to bootstrap and |
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build the entire system from scratch. The <e>stage2</e> tarball is used for |
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building the entire system from a bootstrapped "semi-compiled" state. |
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The <e>stage3</e> tarball already contains a basic Gentoo Linux system that has |
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been built for you. As we will explain later, you can also install |
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Gentoo without compiling anything (except your kernel and some optional |
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packages). If you want this, you have to use a <e>stage3</e> tarball. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Now what stage do you have to choose? |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Starting from a <e>stage1</e> allows you to have total control over the |
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optimization settings and optional build-time functionality that is |
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initially enabled on your system. This makes <e>stage1</e> installs good for |
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power users who know what they are doing. It is also a great |
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installation method for those who would like to know more about the |
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inner workings of Gentoo Linux. |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Stage1</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti> |
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Allows you to have total control over the optimization settings and optional |
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build-time functionality that is initially enabled on your system |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Suitable for powerusers that know what they are doing</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Allows you to learn more about the inner workings of Gentoo</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>Takes a long time to finish the installation</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti> |
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If you don't intend to tweak the settings, it is probably a waste of time |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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<p> |
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<e>Stage2</e> installs allow you to skip the bootstrap process and doing this |
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is fine if you are happy with the optimization settings that we chose |
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for your particular <e>stage2</e> tarball. |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Stage2</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>You don't need to bootstrap</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Faster than starting with stage1</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>You can still tweak your settings</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>You cannot tweak as much as with a stage1</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>It's not the fastest way to install Gentoo</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>You have to accept the optimizations we chose for the bootstrap</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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<p> |
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Choosing to go with a <e>stage3</e> allows for the fastest install of Gentoo |
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Linux, but also means that your base system will have the optimization |
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settings that we chose for you (which to be honest, are good settings |
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and were carefully chosen to enhance performance while maintaining |
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stability). <e>stage3</e> is also required if you want to install Gentoo using |
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prebuilt packages or without a network connection. |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Stage3</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Fastest way to get a Gentoo base system</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>You cannot tweak the base system - it's built already</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>You cannot brag about having used stage1 or stage2</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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<p> |
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Write down (or remember) what stage you want to use. You need this later when |
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you decide what LiveCD (or other installation medium) you want to use. You might |
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be interested to know that, if you decide to use different optimization settings |
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after having installed Gentoo, you will be able to recompile your entire system |
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with the new optimization settings. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Now take a look at the available installation media. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Gentoo LiveCDs</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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The <e>Gentoo LiveCDs</e> are bootable CDs which contain a |
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self-sustained Gentoo environment. They allow you to boot Linux from the CD. |
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During the boot process your hardware is detected and the appropriate drivers |
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are loaded. They are maintained by Gentoo developers. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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All LiveCDs allow you to boot, setup networking, initialize your |
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partitions and start installing Gentoo from the Internet. However, some |
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LiveCDs also contain all necessary source code so you are able to install |
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Gentoo without a working network configuration. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Now what do these LiveCDs contain? |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Gentoo's Minimal LiveCD</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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This is a small, no-nonsense, bootable CD which sole purpose is to boot the |
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system, prepare the networking and continue with the Gentoo installation. It |
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does not contain any stages (or, in some cases, a single stage1 file), |
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source code or precompiled packages. For example the sparc64 variant of this |
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LiveCD can be found in the <path>sparc64/</path> subdirectory and is called |
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<c>install-sparc64-minimal-2004.1.iso</c>. |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Minimal LiveCD</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Smallest download</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Suitable for a complete architecture</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti> |
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You can do a stage1, stage2 or stage3 by getting the stage tarball off the |
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net |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti> |
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Contains no stages, no portage snapshot, no GRP packages and therefore not |
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suitable for networkless installation |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Gentoo's Universal LiveCD</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Gentoo's Universal LiveCD is a bootable CD suitable to install Gentoo without |
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networking. It contains a stage1 and stage3 tarballs (optimized for the |
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sparc architecture). For example the sparc64 variant of this CD is called |
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<c>install-sparc64-universal-2004.1.iso</c> and can be found in the |
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<path>sparc64/</path> subdirectory. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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If you take a closer look into the directories you will see |
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that we provide a <e>Gentoo Package CD</e>. This CD (which isn't |
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bootable) only contains precompiled packages and can be used to install software |
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after a succesfull Gentoo Installation. To install Gentoo, you only |
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need the Universal LiveCD, but if you want OpenOffice.org, Mozilla, KDE, GNOME |
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etc. without having to compile every single one of them, you need the Packages |
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CD too. Such a Packages CD for sparc64 is called |
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<c>packages-sparc64-2004.1.iso</c>. |
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</p> |
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th>Universal LiveCD with Packages CD</th> |
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<th>Pros and Cons</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti>Packages CD is optimized to your architecture and subarchitecture</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti> |
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Packages CD provides precompiled packages for fast Gentoo installations |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>+</th> |
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<ti> |
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Contains everything you need. You can even install without a network |
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connection. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th>-</th> |
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<ti>Huge download</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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</body> |
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</subsection> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Download, Burn and Boot a Gentoo LiveCD</title> |
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<subsection> |
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<title>Downloading and Burning the LiveCDs</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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You have chosen to use a Gentoo LiveCD (if not, then you are reading the |
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wrong section). We'll first start by downloading and burning the chosen |
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LiveCD. We previously discussed the several available LiveCDs, but where can you |
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find them? |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Visit one of our <uri |
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link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">mirrors</uri> and go to |
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<path>releases/sparc/2004.1/livecd</path> where the LiveCD(s) of |
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your choice are located. Inside the subdirectories <path>sparc32/</path> and |
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<path>sparc64/</path> you'll find so-called ISO-files. |
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1.1 |
Those are full CD images which you can write on a CD-R. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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In case you wonder if your downloaded file is corrupted or not, you can |
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check its MD5 checksum and compare it with the MD5 checksum we provide (such as |
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<path>install-sparc64-minimal-2004.1.iso.md5</path>). You can check the MD5 |
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checksum with the <c>md5sum</c> tool under Linux/Unix or <uri |
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link="http://www.md5summer.org">md5summer</uri> for Windows. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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To burn the downloaded ISO(s), you have to select raw-burning. How you |
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do this is highly program-dependent. We will discuss a couple of popular |
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tools on how to do this. |
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</p> |
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|
|
| 379 |
|
|
<ul> |
| 380 |
|
|
<li> |
| 381 |
|
|
With EasyCD Creator you select <c>File</c>, <c>Record CD |
| 382 |
|
|
from CD image</c>. Then you change the <c>Files of type</c> to <c>ISO image |
| 383 |
|
|
file</c>. Then locate the ISO file and click <c>Open</c>. When you click on |
| 384 |
|
|
<c>Start recording</c> the ISO image will be burned correctly onto the CD-R. |
| 385 |
|
|
</li> |
| 386 |
|
|
<li> |
| 387 |
|
|
With Nero Burning ROM, select <c>File</c>, <c>Burn CD image</c>. Set the |
| 388 |
|
|
type of file to <c>*.*</c> and select the ISO file. Older versions of Nero |
| 389 |
|
|
will tell you they don't recognize the format -- confirm here, it does |
| 390 |
|
|
recognize it but doesn't know it yet :) In the next dialog, set the |
| 391 |
|
|
following parameters: |
| 392 |
|
|
<ul> |
| 393 |
|
|
<li>Type of image: <c>Data Mode 1</c></li> |
| 394 |
|
|
<li>Block size: <c>2048 bytes</c></li> |
| 395 |
|
|
<li>File precursor and length of the image trailer: <c>0 bytes</c></li> |
| 396 |
|
|
<li>Scrambled: <c>no</c></li> |
| 397 |
|
|
<li>Swapped: <c>no</c></li> |
| 398 |
|
|
</ul> |
| 399 |
|
|
Now click on <c>OK</c> and then <c>Burn</c> (the CD-R) |
| 400 |
|
|
</li> |
| 401 |
|
|
<li> |
| 402 |
|
|
With cdrecord, you simply type <c>cdrecord dev=/dev/hdc</c> (replace |
| 403 |
|
|
<path>/dev/hdc</path> with your CD-RW drive's device path) followed |
| 404 |
|
|
by the path to the ISO file :) |
| 405 |
|
|
</li> |
| 406 |
swift |
1.2 |
<li> |
| 407 |
bennyc |
1.5 |
With K3B, select <c>Tools</c> > <c>CD</c> > <c>Burn Image</c>. Then |
| 408 |
|
|
you can locate your ISO file within the 'Image to Burn' area. Finally click |
| 409 |
swift |
1.2 |
<c>Start</c>. |
| 410 |
|
|
</li> |
| 411 |
swift |
1.1 |
</ul> |
| 412 |
|
|
|
| 413 |
|
|
</body> |
| 414 |
|
|
</subsection> |
| 415 |
|
|
<subsection> |
| 416 |
|
|
<title>Booting the SPARC LiveCD</title> |
| 417 |
|
|
<body> |
| 418 |
|
|
|
| 419 |
|
|
<p> |
| 420 |
|
|
Insert the Gentoo LiveCD in the CD-ROM and boot your system. During startup, |
| 421 |
|
|
press Stop-A to enter OpenBootPROM (OBP). Once you are in the OBP, boot from the |
| 422 |
|
|
CD-ROM: |
| 423 |
|
|
</p> |
| 424 |
|
|
|
| 425 |
|
|
<pre caption="Booting the LiveCD"> |
| 426 |
|
|
ok <i>boot cdrom</i> |
| 427 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 428 |
|
|
|
| 429 |
|
|
<p> |
| 430 |
|
|
You will be greeted by the SILO boot manager (on the LiveCD). Type in |
| 431 |
swift |
1.6 |
<c>gentoo-2.4</c> (single-CPU kernel) or <c>gentoo-2.4-smp</c> |
| 432 |
|
|
(multi-CPU kernel) and press enter to continue booting the system. In the |
| 433 |
|
|
following example we'll boot the <c>gentoo-2.4</c> kernel. |
| 434 |
swift |
1.1 |
</p> |
| 435 |
|
|
|
| 436 |
|
|
<pre caption="Continue booting from the LiveCD"> |
| 437 |
swift |
1.6 |
boot: <i>gentoo-2.4</i> |
| 438 |
swift |
1.1 |
</pre> |
| 439 |
|
|
|
| 440 |
|
|
<p> |
| 441 |
|
|
Once the LiveCD is booted, you will be greeted by a login prompt. Log on as |
| 442 |
|
|
<c>root</c>. There is no password, so when you are asked for one, press Enter. |
| 443 |
|
|
</p> |
| 444 |
|
|
|
| 445 |
|
|
<pre caption="Logging on onto the LiveCD"> |
| 446 |
|
|
login: <i>root</i> |
| 447 |
|
|
password: <comment>(Press Enter here)</comment> |
| 448 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 449 |
|
|
|
| 450 |
|
|
<p> |
| 451 |
|
|
You should have a root ("#") prompt on the current console and can also switch |
| 452 |
|
|
to other consoles by pressing Alt-F2, Alt-F3 and Alt-F4. Get back to the one you |
| 453 |
|
|
started on by pressing Alt-F1. |
| 454 |
|
|
</p> |
| 455 |
|
|
|
| 456 |
|
|
<p> |
| 457 |
|
|
Continue with <uri link="#hardware">Extra Hardware Configuration</uri>. |
| 458 |
|
|
</p> |
| 459 |
|
|
|
| 460 |
|
|
</body> |
| 461 |
|
|
</subsection> |
| 462 |
|
|
<subsection id="hardware"> |
| 463 |
|
|
<title>Extra Hardware Configuration</title> |
| 464 |
|
|
<body> |
| 465 |
|
|
|
| 466 |
|
|
<p> |
| 467 |
|
|
If not all hardware is supported out-of-the-box, you will need to load the |
| 468 |
|
|
appropriate kernel modules. |
| 469 |
|
|
</p> |
| 470 |
|
|
|
| 471 |
|
|
<p> |
| 472 |
|
|
In the next example we try to load the <c>8139too</c> module (support for |
| 473 |
|
|
certain kinds of network interfaces): |
| 474 |
|
|
</p> |
| 475 |
|
|
|
| 476 |
|
|
<pre caption="Loading kernel modules"> |
| 477 |
|
|
# <i>modprobe 8139too</i> |
| 478 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 479 |
|
|
|
| 480 |
|
|
</body> |
| 481 |
|
|
</subsection> |
| 482 |
|
|
<subsection> |
| 483 |
|
|
<title>Optional: Tweaking Hard Disk Performance</title> |
| 484 |
|
|
<body> |
| 485 |
|
|
|
| 486 |
|
|
<p> |
| 487 |
|
|
If you are an advanced user, you might want to tweak the IDE hard disk |
| 488 |
|
|
performance using <c>hdparm</c>. With the <c>-tT</c> options you can |
| 489 |
|
|
test the performance of your disk (execute it several times to get a |
| 490 |
|
|
more precise impression): |
| 491 |
|
|
</p> |
| 492 |
|
|
|
| 493 |
|
|
<pre caption="Testing disk performance"> |
| 494 |
|
|
# <i>hdparm -tT /dev/hda</i> |
| 495 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 496 |
|
|
|
| 497 |
|
|
<p> |
| 498 |
|
|
To tweak, you can use any of the following examples (or experiment |
| 499 |
|
|
yourself) which use <path>/dev/hda</path> as disk (substitute with your |
| 500 |
|
|
disk): |
| 501 |
|
|
</p> |
| 502 |
|
|
|
| 503 |
|
|
<pre caption="Tweaking hard disk performance"> |
| 504 |
|
|
<comment>Activate DMA:</comment> # <i>hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda</i> |
| 505 |
|
|
<comment>Activate DMA + Safe Performance-enhancing Options:</comment> # <i>hdparm -d 1 -A 1 -m 16 -u 1 -a 64 /dev/hda</i> |
| 506 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 507 |
|
|
|
| 508 |
|
|
</body> |
| 509 |
|
|
</subsection> |
| 510 |
|
|
<subsection> |
| 511 |
|
|
<title>Optional: User Accounts</title> |
| 512 |
|
|
<body> |
| 513 |
|
|
|
| 514 |
|
|
<p> |
| 515 |
|
|
If you plan on giving other people access to your installation |
| 516 |
|
|
environment or you want to chat using <c>irssi</c> without root privileges (for |
| 517 |
|
|
security reasons), you need to create the necessary user accounts and change |
| 518 |
|
|
the root password. |
| 519 |
|
|
</p> |
| 520 |
|
|
|
| 521 |
|
|
<p> |
| 522 |
|
|
To change the root password, use the <c>passwd</c> utility: |
| 523 |
|
|
</p> |
| 524 |
|
|
|
| 525 |
|
|
<pre caption="Changing the root password"> |
| 526 |
|
|
# <i>passwd</i> |
| 527 |
|
|
New password: <comment>(Enter your new password)</comment> |
| 528 |
|
|
Re-enter password: <comment>(Re-enter your password)</comment> |
| 529 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 530 |
|
|
|
| 531 |
|
|
<p> |
| 532 |
swift |
1.4 |
To create a user account, we first enter their credentials, followed by |
| 533 |
swift |
1.1 |
its password. We use <c>useradd</c> and <c>passwd</c> for these tasks. |
| 534 |
|
|
In the next example, we create a user called "john". |
| 535 |
|
|
</p> |
| 536 |
|
|
|
| 537 |
|
|
<pre caption="Creating a user account"> |
| 538 |
|
|
# <i>useradd john</i> |
| 539 |
|
|
# <i>passwd john</i> |
| 540 |
|
|
New password: <comment>(Enter john's password)</comment> |
| 541 |
|
|
Re-enter password: <comment>(Re-enter john's password)</comment> |
| 542 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 543 |
|
|
|
| 544 |
|
|
<p> |
| 545 |
|
|
You can change your user id from root to the newly created user by using |
| 546 |
|
|
<c>su</c>: |
| 547 |
|
|
</p> |
| 548 |
|
|
|
| 549 |
|
|
<pre caption="Changing user id"> |
| 550 |
|
|
# <i>su john -</i> |
| 551 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 552 |
|
|
|
| 553 |
|
|
</body> |
| 554 |
|
|
</subsection> |
| 555 |
|
|
<subsection> |
| 556 |
|
|
<title>Optional: Starting the SSH Daemon</title> |
| 557 |
|
|
<body> |
| 558 |
|
|
|
| 559 |
|
|
<p> |
| 560 |
|
|
If you want to allow other users to access your computer during the |
| 561 |
|
|
Gentoo installation (perhaps because those users are going to help you |
| 562 |
|
|
install Gentoo, or even do it for you), you need to create a user |
| 563 |
|
|
account for them and perhaps even provide them with your root password |
| 564 |
|
|
(<e>only</e> do that <e>if</e> you <b>fully trust</b> that user). |
| 565 |
|
|
</p> |
| 566 |
|
|
|
| 567 |
|
|
<p> |
| 568 |
|
|
To fire up the SSH daemon, execute the following command: |
| 569 |
|
|
</p> |
| 570 |
|
|
|
| 571 |
|
|
<pre caption="Starting the SSH daemon"> |
| 572 |
|
|
# <i>/etc/init.d/sshd start</i> |
| 573 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 574 |
|
|
|
| 575 |
|
|
<p> |
| 576 |
|
|
To be able to use sshd, you first need to setup your networking. Continue with |
| 577 |
|
|
the chapter on <uri link="?part=1&chap=3">Configuring your Network</uri>. |
| 578 |
|
|
</p> |
| 579 |
|
|
|
| 580 |
|
|
</body> |
| 581 |
|
|
</subsection> |
| 582 |
|
|
</section> |
| 583 |
|
|
</sections> |
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