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2<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd"> 2<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">
3 3
4<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> 4<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
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6 6
7<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-kernel.xml,v 1.9 2007/03/13 00:30:09 nightmorph Exp $ --> 7<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-x86+amd64-kernel.xml,v 1.25 2008/05/19 09:10:06 nightmorph Exp $ -->
8 8
9<sections> 9<sections>
10 10
11<abstract> 11<abstract>
12The Linux kernel is the core of every distribution. This chapter 12The Linux kernel is the core of every distribution. This chapter
13explains how to configure your kernel. 13explains how to configure your kernel.
14</abstract> 14</abstract>
15 15
16<version>4.3</version> 16<version>6.3</version>
17<date>2007-03-12</date> 17<date>2008-05-19</date>
18 18
19<section> 19<section>
20<title>Timezone</title> 20<title>Timezone</title>
21<body> 21<body>
22 22
23<p> 23<p>
24You first need to select your timezone so that your system knows where it is 24You first need to select your timezone so that your system knows where it is
25located. Look for your timezone in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>, then copy 25located. Look for your timezone in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>, then copy
26it to <path>/etc/localtime</path>. Please avoid the 26it to <path>/etc/localtime</path>. Please avoid the
27<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT*</path> timezones as their names do not 27<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT*</path> timezones as their names do not
28indicate the expected zones. For instance, <path>GMT-8</path> is in fact GMT+8. 28indicate the expected zones. For instance, <path>GMT-8</path> is in fact
29GMT+8.
29</p> 30</p>
30 31
31<pre caption="Setting the timezone information"> 32<pre caption="Setting the timezone information">
32# <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i> 33# <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i>
33<comment>(Suppose you want to use GMT)</comment> 34<comment>(Suppose you want to use GMT)</comment>
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48users several possible kernel sources. A full listing with description is 49users several possible kernel sources. A full listing with description is
49available at the <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-kernel.xml">Gentoo Kernel 50available at the <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-kernel.xml">Gentoo Kernel
50Guide</uri>. 51Guide</uri>.
51</p> 52</p>
52 53
53<p test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'">
54For x86-based systems we have, amongst other kernels, <c>gentoo-sources</c>
55(kernel source patched with performance-enhancing features).
56</p> 54<p>
57 55For <keyval id="arch"/>-based systems we have <c>gentoo-sources</c>
58<p test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> 56(kernel source patched for extra features).
59For AMD64-based systems we have <c>gentoo-sources</c> (kernel v2.6 source
60patched with amd64 specific fixes for stability, performance and hardware
61support).
62</p> 57</p>
63 58
64<p> 59<p>
65Choose your kernel source and install it using <c>emerge</c>. 60Choose your kernel source and install it using <c>emerge</c>.
66</p> 61</p>
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143<subsection> 138<subsection>
144<title>Activating Required Options</title> 139<title>Activating Required Options</title>
145<body> 140<body>
146 141
147<p> 142<p>
148First of all, activate the use of development and experimental code/drivers.
149You need this, otherwise some very important code/drivers won't show up:
150</p>
151
152<pre caption="Selecting experimental code/drivers">
153Code maturity level options ---&gt;
154 [*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
155</pre>
156
157<p>
158Make sure that every driver that is vital to the booting of your system (such as 143Make sure that every driver that is vital to the booting of your system (such as
159SCSI controller, ...) is compiled <e>in</e> the kernel and not as a module, 144SCSI controller, ...) is compiled <e>in</e> the kernel and not as a module,
160otherwise your system will not be able to boot completely. 145otherwise your system will not be able to boot completely.
161</p> 146</p>
162 147
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166<p> 151<p>
167We shall then select the exact processor type. The x86_64 kernel maintainer 152We shall then select the exact processor type. The x86_64 kernel maintainer
168strongly recommends users enable MCE features so that they are able to be 153strongly recommends users enable MCE features so that they are able to be
169notified of any hardware problems. On x86_64, these errors are not printed to 154notified of any hardware problems. On x86_64, these errors are not printed to
170<c>dmesg</c> like on other architectures, but to <path>/dev/mcelog</path>. This 155<c>dmesg</c> like on other architectures, but to <path>/dev/mcelog</path>. This
171requires the <c>app-admin/mcelog</c> package. 156requires the <c>app-admin/mcelog</c> package. Make sure you select IA32
157Emulation if you want to be able to run 32-bit programs. Gentoo will install a
158multilib system (mixed 32-bit/64-bit computing) by default, so you probably
159want this option.
172</p> 160</p>
173 161
174<pre caption="Selecting processor type and features"> 162<pre caption="Selecting processor type and features">
175Processor type and features ---> 163Processor type and features --->
176 [ ] Intel MCE Features 164 [ ] Intel MCE Features
177 [ ] AMD MCE Features 165 [ ] AMD MCE Features
178 Processor family (AMD-Opteron/Athlon64) ---> 166 Processor family (AMD-Opteron/Athlon64) --->
179 ( ) AMD-Opteron/Athlon64 167 ( ) AMD-Opteron/Athlon64
180 ( ) Intel EM64T 168 ( ) Intel EM64T
181 ( ) Generic-x86-64 169 ( ) Generic-x86-64
170Executable file formats / Emulations --->
171 [*] IA32 Emulation
182</pre> 172</pre>
183 173
184</body> 174</body>
185<body test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'"> 175<body test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'">
186 176
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202<e>Don't</e> compile them as modules, otherwise your Gentoo system will not be 192<e>Don't</e> compile them as modules, otherwise your Gentoo system will not be
203able to mount your partitions. Also select <c>Virtual memory</c> and <c>/proc 193able to mount your partitions. Also select <c>Virtual memory</c> and <c>/proc
204file system</c>. 194file system</c>.
205</p> 195</p>
206 196
207</body>
208<body test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'">
209
210<p>
211If you are using a 2.4 kernel, you need to select <c>/dev file
212system</c> as 2.4 kernels do not support <c>udev</c>.
213</p>
214
215<pre caption="Selecting necessary file systems"> 197<pre caption="Selecting necessary file systems">
216<comment>(With a 2.4.x kernel)</comment>
217File systems ---&gt;
218 [*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
219 [*] /proc file system support
220 [*] /dev file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
221 [*] automatically mount /dev at boot
222 [ ] /dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs
223
224<comment>(With a 2.6.x kernel)</comment>
225File systems ---&gt; 198File systems ---&gt;
226 Pseudo Filesystems ---&gt; 199 Pseudo Filesystems ---&gt;
227 [*] /proc file system support 200 [*] /proc file system support
228 [*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs) 201 [*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
229 202
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234 &lt;*&gt; Second extended fs support 207 &lt;*&gt; Second extended fs support
235 &lt;*&gt; XFS filesystem support 208 &lt;*&gt; XFS filesystem support
236</pre> 209</pre>
237 210
238<p> 211<p>
239If your BIOS can't handle large hard drives and you jumpered the hard drive to
240report a limited size you have to enable the following option to gain access to
241your whole hard drive:
242</p>
243
244<pre caption="Selecting autogeometry resizing support">
245<comment>(2.4.x kernel only)</comment>
246ATA/IDE/MFM/RLL support ---&gt;
247 IDE, ATA and ATAPI Block devices ---&gt;
248 &lt;*&gt; Include IDE/ATA-2 DISK support
249 [ ] Use multi-mode by default
250 [*] Auto-Geometry Resizing support
251</pre>
252
253</body>
254<body test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'">
255
256<pre caption="Selecting necessary file systems">
257File systems ---&gt;
258 Pseudo Filesystems ---&gt;
259 [*] /proc file system support
260 [*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
261
262<comment>(Select one or more of the following options as needed by your system)</comment>
263 &lt;*&gt; Reiserfs support
264 &lt;*&gt; Ext3 journalling file system support
265 &lt;*&gt; JFS filesystem support
266 &lt;*&gt; Second extended fs support
267 &lt;*&gt; XFS filesystem support
268</pre>
269
270</body>
271<body>
272
273<p>
274Do not forget to enable DMA for your drives:
275</p>
276
277<pre caption="Activating DMA">
278Device Drivers ---&gt;
279 ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support ---&gt;
280 [*] Generic PCI bus-master DMA support
281 [*] Use PCI DMA by default when available
282</pre>
283
284<p>
285If you are using PPPoE to connect to the Internet or you are using a dial-up 212If you are using PPPoE to connect to the Internet or you are using a dial-up
286modem, you will need the following options in the kernel: 213modem, you will need the following options in the kernel:
287</p> 214</p>
288 215
289<pre caption="Selecting PPPoE necessary drivers" test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'"> 216<pre caption="Selecting PPPoE necessary drivers">
290Device Drivers ---&gt; 217Device Drivers ---&gt;
291 Networking Support ---&gt; 218 Networking Support ---&gt;
292 &lt;*&gt; PPP (point-to-point protocol) support 219 &lt;*&gt; PPP (point-to-point protocol) support
293 &lt;*&gt; PPP support for async serial ports 220 &lt;*&gt; PPP support for async serial ports
294 &lt;*&gt; PPP support for sync tty ports 221 &lt;*&gt; PPP support for sync tty ports
295</pre> 222</pre>
296 223
297<pre caption="Selecting PPPoE necessary drivers" test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'">
298<comment>(With a 2.4.x kernel)</comment>
299Network device support ---&gt;
300 &lt;*&gt; PPP (point-to-point protocol) support
301 &lt;*&gt; PPP support for async serial ports
302 &lt;*&gt; PPP support for sync tty ports
303
304<comment>(With a 2.6.x kernel)</comment>
305Device Drivers ---&gt;
306 Networking support ---&gt;
307 &lt;*&gt; PPP (point-to-point protocol) support
308 &lt;*&gt; PPP support for async serial ports
309 &lt;*&gt; PPP support for sync tty ports
310</pre>
311
312<p> 224<p>
313The two compression options won't harm but are not definitely needed, neither 225The two compression options won't harm but are not definitely needed, neither
314does the <c>PPP over Ethernet</c> option, that might only be used by 226does the <c>PPP over Ethernet</c> option, that might only be used by <c>ppp</c>
315<c>rp-pppoe</c> when configured to do kernel mode PPPoE. 227when configured to do kernel mode PPPoE.
316</p> 228</p>
317 229
318<p> 230<p>
319If you require it, don't forget to include support in the kernel for your 231If you require it, don't forget to include support in the kernel for your
320ethernet card. 232ethernet card.
… …
336</pre> 248</pre>
337 249
338<note> 250<note>
339In multi-core systems, each core counts as one processor. 251In multi-core systems, each core counts as one processor.
340</note> 252</note>
253
254<p test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'">
255If you have more than 4GB of RAM, you need to enable "High Memory Support
256(64G)".
257</p>
341 258
342<p> 259<p>
343If you use USB Input Devices (like Keyboard or Mouse) don't forget to enable 260If you use USB Input Devices (like Keyboard or Mouse) don't forget to enable
344those as well: 261those as well:
345</p> 262</p>
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352 269
353</body> 270</body>
354<body test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'"> 271<body test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'">
355 272
356<p> 273<p>
357Laptop-users who want PCMCIA support should <e>not</e> use the PCMCIA drivers if 274If you want PCMCIA support for your laptop, don't forget to enable
358they choose to use a 2.4 kernel. More recent drivers are available through the
359<c>pcmcia-cs</c> package which will be installed later on. 2.6-kernel users
360however should use the PCMCIA drivers from the kernel.
361</p>
362
363<p>
364Besides compiling in PCMCIA support in the 2.6 kernel, don't forget to enable
365support for the PCMCIA card bridge present in your system: 275support for the PCMCIA card bridge present in your system:
366</p> 276</p>
367 277
368<pre caption="Enabling PCMCIA support for 2.6 kernels"> 278<pre caption="Enabling PCMCIA support">
369Bus options (PCI, PCMCIA, EISA, MCA, ISA) ---&gt; 279Bus options (PCI, PCMCIA, EISA, MCA, ISA) ---&gt;
370 PCCARD (PCMCIA/CardBus) support ---&gt; 280 PCCARD (PCMCIA/CardBus) support ---&gt;
371 &lt;*&gt; PCCard (PCMCIA/CardBus) support 281 &lt;*&gt; PCCard (PCMCIA/CardBus) support
372<comment>(select 16 bit if you need support for older PCMCIA cards. Most people want this.)</comment> 282<comment>(select 16 bit if you need support for older PCMCIA cards. Most people want this.)</comment>
373 &lt;*&gt; 16-bit PCMCIA support 283 &lt;*&gt; 16-bit PCMCIA support
… …
395<p> 305<p>
396Now that your kernel is configured, it is time to compile and install it. Exit 306Now that your kernel is configured, it is time to compile and install it. Exit
397the configuration and start the compilation process: 307the configuration and start the compilation process:
398</p> 308</p>
399 309
400<pre caption="Compiling the kernel" test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'"> 310<pre caption="Compiling the kernel">
401<comment>(For 2.4 kernel)</comment>
402# <i>make dep &amp;&amp; make bzImage modules modules_install</i>
403
404<comment>(For 2.6 kernel)</comment>
405# <i>make &amp;&amp; make modules_install</i>
406</pre>
407
408<pre caption="Compiling the kernel" test="func:keyval('arch')='AMD64'">
409# <i>make &amp;&amp; make modules_install</i> 311# <i>make &amp;&amp; make modules_install</i>
410</pre> 312</pre>
411 313
412<p> 314<p>
413When the kernel has finished compiling, copy the kernel image to 315When the kernel has finished compiling, copy the kernel image to
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458 360
459</body> 361</body>
460<body test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'"> 362<body test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'">
461 363
462<p> 364<p>
463Next, if you are going to configure a 2.6 kernel, copy over the kernel 365Next, copy over the kernel configuration used by the Installation CD to the
464configuration used by the Installation CD to the location where genkernel
465looks for the default kernel configuration: 366location where genkernel looks for the default kernel configuration:
466</p> 367</p>
467 368
468<pre caption="Copying over the Installation CD kernel config"> 369<pre caption="Copying over the Installation CD kernel config">
469<comment>(Only do this if you are going to configure a 2.6 kernel)</comment>
470# <i>zcat /proc/config.gz &gt; /usr/share/genkernel/x86/kernel-config-2.6</i> 370# <i>zcat /proc/config.gz &gt; /usr/share/genkernel/x86/kernel-config-2.6</i>
471</pre> 371</pre>
472 372
473</body> 373</body>
474<body> 374<body>
… …
507 407
508</body> 408</body>
509</section> 409</section>
510<section id="kernel_modules"> 410<section id="kernel_modules">
511<title>Kernel Modules</title> 411<title>Kernel Modules</title>
412
512<subsection> 413<subsection>
513<title>Configuring the Modules</title> 414<include href="hb-install-kernelmodules.xml"/>
514<body>
515
516<note test="func:keyval('arch')='x86'">
517If you chose a kernel 2.4, replace occurrences of <c>2.6</c> with <c>2.4</c> in
518this section.
519</note>
520
521<p>
522You should list the modules you want automatically loaded in
523<path>/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</path>. You can add extra options to
524the modules too if you want.
525</p>
526
527<p>
528To view all available modules, run the following <c>find</c> command. Don't
529forget to substitute <c><keyval id="kernel-version"/></c> with the version of
530the kernel you just compiled:
531</p>
532
533<pre caption="Viewing all available modules">
534# <i>find /lib/modules/<keyval id="kernel-version"/>/ -type f -iname '*.o' -or -iname '*.ko'</i>
535</pre>
536
537<p>
538For instance, to automatically load the <c>3c59x.o</c> module, edit the
539<path>kernel-2.6</path> file and enter the module name in it.
540</p>
541
542<pre caption="Editing /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6">
543# <i>nano -w /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</i>
544</pre>
545
546<pre caption="/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6">
5473c59x
548</pre>
549
550<p>
551Continue the installation with <uri link="?part=1&amp;chap=8">Configuring
552your System</uri>.
553</p>
554
555</body>
556</subsection> 415</subsection>
416
557</section> 417</section>
558</sections> 418</sections>
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