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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/openrc-migration.xml,v 1.13 2009/02/11 09:09:40 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
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<guide link="/doc/en/openrc-migration.xml"> |
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<title>Baselayout and OpenRC Migration Guide</title> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="cardoe"/> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="nightmorph"/> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Contributor"> |
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<mail link="uberlord"/> |
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</author> |
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<abstract> |
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This guide shows you how to migrate from baselayout-1 to baselayout-2 and |
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OpenRC. |
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</abstract> |
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
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<license/> |
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1.13 |
<version>1.8</version> |
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<date>2009-02-11</date> |
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<chapter> |
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<title>Background</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>What's baselayout?</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Baselayout provides a basic set of files that are necessary for all systems to |
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function properly, such as <path>/etc/hosts</path>. It also provides the basic |
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filesystem layout used by Gentoo (i.e. <path>/etc</path>, <path>/var</path>, |
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<path>/usr</path>, <path>/home</path> directories). |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>What's OpenRC?</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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OpenRC is a dependency-based rc system that works with whatever init is provided |
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by the system, normally <path>/sbin/init</path>. However, it is <e>not</e> a |
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replacement for <path>/sbin/init</path>. The default init used by Gentoo Linux |
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is <c>sys-apps/sysvinit</c>, while Gentoo/FreeBSD uses the FreeBSD init provided |
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by <c>sys-freebsd/freebsd-sbin</c>. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>So why migrate?</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Originally Gentoo's rc system was built into baselayout 1 and written entirely |
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in bash. This led to several limitations. For example, certain system calls need |
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to be accessed during boot and this required C-based callouts to be added. These |
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callouts were each statically linked, causing the rc system to bloat over time. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Additionally, as Gentoo expanded to other platforms like |
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Gentoo/FreeBSD and Gentoo Embedded, it became impossible to require a bash-based |
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rc system. This led to a development of baselayout 2, which is written in |
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C and only requires a POSIX-compliant shell. During the development of |
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baselayout 2, it was determined that it was a better fit if baselayout merely |
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provided the base files and filesystem layout for Gentoo and the rc system |
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was broken off into its own package. Thus we have OpenRC. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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OpenRC is primarily developed by <uri link="http://roy.marples.name/openrc">Roy |
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Marples</uri> and supports all current Gentoo variations (i.e. Gentoo Linux, |
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Gentoo/FreeBSD, Gentoo Embedded, and Gentoo Vserver) and other platforms such as |
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FreeBSD and NetBSD. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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<chapter> |
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<title>Migration to OpenRC</title> |
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<section> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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nightmorph |
1.4 |
Migration to OpenRC is fairly straightforward; it will be pulled in as part of |
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your regular upgrade process by your package manager. The most important step |
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actually comes after you install the new <c>>=sys-apps/baselayout-2</c> and |
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<c>sys-apps/openrc</c> packages. It is <e>critical</e> that you run |
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<c>dispatch-conf</c> and ensure your <path>/etc</path> is up to date before |
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rebooting. <brite>Failure to do so will result in an unbootable system</brite> |
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and will require the use of the Gentoo LiveCD to perform the steps below to |
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repair your system. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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Once you've finished updating your config files, there are a few things to |
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verify prior to rebooting. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="rc_conf"> |
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<title>/etc/conf.d/rc</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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<path>/etc/conf.d/rc</path> has been deprecated and any settings you have in |
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there will need to be migrated to the appropriate settings in |
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<path>/etc/rc.conf</path>. Please read through <path>/etc/rc.conf</path> and |
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<path>/etc/conf.d/rc</path> and migrate the settings. Once you are complete, |
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delete <path>/etc/conf.d/rc</path>. |
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</p> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section id="modules"> |
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<title>Kernel modules</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Normally, when you want certain kernel modules automatically loaded at boot, you |
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place them into <path>/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6</path> along with any |
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parameters you wanted to pass to them. In baselayout-2, this file is not used |
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anymore. Instead, autoloaded modules and module parameters are placed in one |
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file, <path>/etc/conf.d/modules</path>, no matter the kernel version. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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An example old style configuration would be: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="/etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6"> |
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ivtv |
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cx88_dvb video_br=2 |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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Converting the above example would result in the following: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="/etc/conf.d/modules"> |
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<comment># Modules autoloaded at boot</comment> |
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modules_2_6="ivtv cx88_dvb" |
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<comment># Module parameters</comment> |
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module_cx88_dvb_args_2_6="video_br=2" |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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In the above examples, the modules and their parameters would only be passed |
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to 2.6.x series kernels. The new configuration allows for fine grained |
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control over the modules and parameters based on kernel version. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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An in-depth example would be: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="detailed example of /etc/conf.d/modules"> |
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<comment># Always load ochi1394 and ieee1394, no matter the kernel version</comment> |
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modules="ohci1394 ieee1394" |
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<comment># Only load tun and usbserial for 2.6.x series kernels</comment> |
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modules_2_6="tun usbserial" |
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<comment># Only load cx88_dvb for 2.6.23 kernels</comment> |
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modules_2_6_23="cx88_dvb" |
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<comment># Only load ivtv for 2.6.23-gentoo-r5</comment> |
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modules_2_6_23_gentoo_r5="ivtv" |
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<comment># For 2.6.23-gentoo-r5, pass video_br=2 to cx88_dvb</comment> |
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module_cx88_dvb_args_2_6_23_gentoo_r5="video_br=2" |
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<comment># For 2.6.x series kernels, always pass vendor and product</comment> |
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module_usbserial_args_2_6="vendor=0x1410 product=0x2110" |
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<comment># Always pass debug to ieee1394</comment> |
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module_ieee1394_args="debug" |
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</pre> |
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<note> |
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Please note the difference between <b>module_</b> and <b>modules_</b>. |
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</note> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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nightmorph |
1.5 |
<section id="boot"> |
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<title>Boot runlevel</title> |
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1.1 |
<body> |
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<p> |
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nightmorph |
1.5 |
The <c>boot</c> runlevel performs several important steps for every machine. For |
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example, making sure your root filesystem is mounted read/write, that your |
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filesystems are checked for errors, that your mountpoints are available, and |
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that the <path>/proc</path> pseudo-filesystem is started at boot. |
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1.1 |
</p> |
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<p> |
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nightmorph |
1.5 |
With OpenRC, volume management services for your block storage devices are no |
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longer run automatically at boot. This includes lvm, raid, swap, device-mapper |
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(dm), dm-crypt, evms, and the like. You must ensure the appropriate initscript |
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for these services is in the <c>boot</c> runlevel, otherwise it's possible that |
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your system will not boot! |
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nightmorph |
1.1 |
</p> |
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<p> |
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While the OpenRC ebuild will attempt to do this migration for you, you should |
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nightmorph |
1.5 |
verify that it migrated all the volume management services properly: |
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nightmorph |
1.1 |
</p> |
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nightmorph |
1.5 |
<pre caption="Display all services in boot runlevel"> |
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nightmorph |
1.1 |
# <i>ls -l /etc/runlevels/boot/</i> |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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nightmorph |
1.5 |
If you don't see root, procfs, mtab, swap, and fsck in the above listing, |
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perform the following to add them to the <c>boot</c> runlevel: |
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nightmorph |
1.1 |
</p> |
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nightmorph |
1.9 |
<pre caption="Adding critical services to the boot runlevel"> |
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nightmorph |
1.5 |
# <i>rc-update add root boot</i> |
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# <i>rc-update add procfs boot</i> |
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# <i>rc-update add mtab boot</i> |
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# <i>rc-update add fsck boot</i> |
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nightmorph |
1.1 |
# <i>rc-update add swap boot</i> |
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</pre> |
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nightmorph |
1.2 |
<p> |
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nightmorph |
1.5 |
If you know you use mdraid and lvm but do not see them above, you would run |
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the following to add initscripts to the <c>boot</c> runlevel: |
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nightmorph |
1.2 |
</p> |
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nightmorph |
1.6 |
<pre caption="Adding raid and lvm to the boot runlevel"> |
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nightmorph |
1.5 |
# <i>rc-update add raid boot</i> |
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# <i>rc-update add lvm boot</i> |
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nightmorph |
1.2 |
</pre> |
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nightmorph |
1.1 |
</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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nightmorph |
1.13 |
<title>Udev</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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OpenRC no longer starts <c>udev</c> by default, but it does need to be present |
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nightmorph |
1.14 |
in the <c>sysinit</c> runlevel to be started. The OpenRC ebuild should detect if |
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<c>udev</c> was previously enabled and add it to the <c>sysinit</c> runlevel. |
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nightmorph |
1.13 |
However, to be safe, check if <c>udev</c> is present: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Verifying udev"> |
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nightmorph |
1.14 |
# <i>ls -l /etc/runlevels/sysinit</i> |
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 2009-01-29 08:00 /etc/runlevels/sysinit/udev -> \ |
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nightmorph |
1.13 |
/etc/init.d/udev |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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If <c>udev</c> is not listed, add it to the correct runlevel: |
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</p> |
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nightmorph |
1.14 |
<pre caption="Adding udev to the sysinit runlevel"> |
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# <i>rc-update add udev sysinit</i> |
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nightmorph |
1.13 |
</pre> |
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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nightmorph |
1.9 |
<title>Network</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Due to baselayout and OpenRC being broken into two different packages, your |
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net.eth0 initscript may disappear during the upgrade process. To replace this |
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initscript please perform the following: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Adding back missing net.eth0 script"> |
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# <i>cd /etc/init.d</i> |
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# <i>ln -s net.lo net.eth0</i> |
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</pre> |
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<p> |
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If you are missing any other network initscripts, follow the instructions above |
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nightmorph |
1.10 |
to re-add them. Simply replace <c>eth0</c> with the name of your network |
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nightmorph |
1.9 |
device. |
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</p> |
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nightmorph |
1.10 |
<p> |
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Also, <path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> no longer uses bash-style arrays for |
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configuration. Please review <path>/usr/share/doc/openrc/net.example</path> for |
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configuration instructions. Conversion should be relatively straight-forward, |
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for example a static IP assignment would change as follows: |
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</p> |
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<pre caption="Old /etc/conf.d/net style"> |
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config_eth0=( "192.168.1.37 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.1.255" ) |
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routes_eth0=( "default via 192.168.1.100" ) |
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</pre> |
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<pre caption="New /etc/conf.d/net style"> |
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config_eth0="192.168.1.37 netmask 255.255.255.0 brd 192.168.1.255" |
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routes_eth0="default via 192.168.1.100" |
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</pre> |
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nightmorph |
1.9 |
</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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nightmorph |
1.1 |
<title>Clock</title> |
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<body> |
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<p> |
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Clock settings have been renamed from <path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path> to your |
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system's native tool for adjusting the clock. This means on Linux it will be |
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<path>/etc/conf.d/hwclock</path> and on FreeBSD it will be |
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nightmorph |
1.2 |
<path>/etc/conf.d/adjkerntz</path>. The initscript in <path>/etc/init.d/</path> |
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has also been renamed accordingly, so make sure it's in the appropriate |
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runlevel. |
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nightmorph |
1.1 |
</p> |
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<p> |
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Additionally, the <c>TIMEZONE</c> variable is no longer in this file. Its |
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vapier |
1.8 |
contents are instead found in the <path>/etc/timezone</path> file. If it |
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doesn't exist, you will of course have to create it with your timezone. Please |
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review both of these files to ensure their correctness. |
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nightmorph |
1.1 |
</p> |
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nightmorph |
1.9 |
<p> |
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The proper value for this file is the path relative to your timezone from |
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<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>. For example, for someone living on the east |
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coast of the United States, the following would be a correct setting: |
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</p> |
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|
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|
|
<pre caption="/etc/timezone"> |
| 341 |
|
|
America/New_York |
| 342 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 343 |
|
|
|
| 344 |
nightmorph |
1.1 |
</body> |
| 345 |
|
|
</section> |
| 346 |
|
|
<section> |
| 347 |
|
|
<title>XSESSION</title> |
| 348 |
|
|
<body> |
| 349 |
|
|
|
| 350 |
|
|
<p> |
| 351 |
|
|
The XSESSION variable is no longer found in <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>. The |
| 352 |
|
|
<c>x11-apps/xinit</c> package now provides <path>/etc/env.d/90xsession</path>, |
| 353 |
|
|
which can be used to set the XSESSION variable. |
| 354 |
|
|
</p> |
| 355 |
|
|
|
| 356 |
|
|
<p> |
| 357 |
|
|
This variable will <b>NOT</b> be migrated for you by default, so you will need |
| 358 |
|
|
to edit <path>/etc/env.d/90xsession</path>. |
| 359 |
|
|
</p> |
| 360 |
|
|
|
| 361 |
|
|
<impo> |
| 362 |
|
|
You must run <c>env-update</c> after creating a file in <path>/etc/env.d</path>, |
| 363 |
|
|
and then logout and login for it to take effect. |
| 364 |
|
|
</impo> |
| 365 |
|
|
|
| 366 |
|
|
</body> |
| 367 |
|
|
</section> |
| 368 |
|
|
<section> |
| 369 |
vapier |
1.7 |
<title>EDITOR / PAGER</title> |
| 370 |
nightmorph |
1.1 |
<body> |
| 371 |
|
|
|
| 372 |
|
|
<p> |
| 373 |
vapier |
1.7 |
The EDITOR variable is no longer found in <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>. Both |
| 374 |
nightmorph |
1.12 |
EDITOR and PAGER are set by default in <path>/etc/profile</path>. You should |
| 375 |
|
|
change this as needed in your <path>~/.bashrc</path> (or equivalent) file or |
| 376 |
|
|
create <path>/etc/env.d/99editor</path> and set the system default there. |
| 377 |
nightmorph |
1.1 |
</p> |
| 378 |
|
|
|
| 379 |
|
|
<impo> |
| 380 |
|
|
You must run <c>env-update</c> after creating a file in <path>/etc/env.d</path>, |
| 381 |
|
|
and then logout and login for it to take effect. If you set the variable in |
| 382 |
|
|
<path>~/.bashrc</path>, you can re-source the file with <c>source |
| 383 |
|
|
~/.bashrc</c>. |
| 384 |
|
|
</impo> |
| 385 |
|
|
|
| 386 |
|
|
</body> |
| 387 |
|
|
</section> |
| 388 |
|
|
<section> |
| 389 |
nightmorph |
1.11 |
<title>Boot log</title> |
| 390 |
|
|
<body> |
| 391 |
|
|
|
| 392 |
|
|
<p> |
| 393 |
|
|
Previously, you could log the boot process by using |
| 394 |
|
|
<c>app-admin/showconsole</c>. However, OpenRC now handles all logging |
| 395 |
|
|
internally, so there's no need for the hacks that <c>showconsole</c> employed. |
| 396 |
|
|
You can safely unmerge <c>showconsole</c>. To continue logging boot messages, |
| 397 |
|
|
just set the appropriate variable in <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>. Logs will appear |
| 398 |
|
|
in <path>/var/log/rc.log</path>. |
| 399 |
|
|
</p> |
| 400 |
|
|
|
| 401 |
|
|
<pre caption="Enabling boot logging in /etc/rc.conf"> |
| 402 |
|
|
rc_logger="YES" |
| 403 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 404 |
|
|
|
| 405 |
|
|
</body> |
| 406 |
|
|
</section> |
| 407 |
|
|
<section> |
| 408 |
nightmorph |
1.1 |
<title>Finishing up</title> |
| 409 |
|
|
<body> |
| 410 |
|
|
|
| 411 |
|
|
<p> |
| 412 |
|
|
Once you've finished updating your config files and initscripts, the last thing |
| 413 |
|
|
to do is <b>reboot</b>. This is necessary because system state information is |
| 414 |
|
|
not preserved during the upgrade, so you'll need to provide it with a fresh |
| 415 |
|
|
boot. |
| 416 |
|
|
</p> |
| 417 |
|
|
|
| 418 |
|
|
</body> |
| 419 |
|
|
</section> |
| 420 |
|
|
</chapter> |
| 421 |
|
|
</guide> |
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