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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> |
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<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/quick-samba-howto.xml,v 1.23 2006/03/06 15:39:43 nightmorph Exp $ --> |
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<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
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<guide link="/doc/en/quick-samba-howto.xml"> |
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<title>Gentoo Samba3/CUPS/ClamAV HOWTO</title> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="daff at dword dot org">Andreas "daff" Ntaflos</mail> |
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</author> |
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<author title="Author"> |
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<mail link="joshua@sungentoo.homeunix.com">Joshua Preston</mail> |
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</author> |
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|
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<abstract> |
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Setup, install and configure a Samba Server under Gentoo that shares |
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files, printers without the need to install drivers and provides |
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automatic virus scanning. |
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</abstract> |
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|
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<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
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<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0 --> |
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<license/> |
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|
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<version>1.14</version> |
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<date>2006-03-11</date> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Introduction to this HOWTO</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>Purpose</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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This HOWTO is designed to help you move a network from many different |
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clients speaking different languages, to many different machines that |
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speak a common language. The ultimate goal is to help differing |
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architectures and technologies, come together in a productive, |
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happily coexisting environment. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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Following the directions outlined in this HOWTO should give you an |
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excellent step towards a peaceful cohabitation between Windows, and |
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virtually all known variations of *nix. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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This HOWTO originally started not as a HOWTO, but as a FAQ. It was |
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intended to explore the functionality and power of the Gentoo system, |
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portage and the flexibility of USE flags. Like so many other projects, |
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it was quickly discovered what was missing in the Gentoo realm: there |
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weren't any Samba HOWTO's catered for Gentoo users. These users are |
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more demanding than most; they require performance, flexibility and |
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customization. This does not however imply that this HOWTO was not |
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intended for other distributions; rather that it was designed to work |
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with a highly customized version of Samba. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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This HOWTO will describe how to share files and printers between Windows |
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PCs and *nix PCs. It will also demonstrate the use of the VFS (Virtual |
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File System) feature of Samba to incorporate automatic virus protection. |
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As a finale, it will show you how to mount and manipulate shares. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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There are a few topics that will be mentioned, but are out of the |
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scope of this HOWTO. These will be noted as they are presented. |
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</p> |
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|
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<p> |
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This HOWTO is based on a compilation and merge of an excellent HOWTO |
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provided in the <uri link="http://forums.gentoo.org">Gentoo forums</uri> |
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by Andreas "daff" Ntaflos and the collected knowledge of Joshua Preston. |
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The link to this discussion is provided below for your reference: |
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</p> |
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|
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<ul> |
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<li> |
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<uri link="http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=110931">HOWTO |
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CUPS+Samba: printing from Windows & Linux</uri> |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Before you use this guide</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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There are a several other guides for setting up CUPS and/or Samba, please read |
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them as well, as they may tell you things left out of this HOWTO (intentional |
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or otherwise). One such document is the very useful and well written <uri |
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link="/doc/en/printing-howto.xml">Gentoo Printing Guide</uri>, as configuration |
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issues and specific printer setup is not discussed here. |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Brief Overview</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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After presenting the various USE flags, the following list will outline |
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all of the topics covered as they are presented: |
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</p> |
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|
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<ul> |
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<li>On the Samba server: |
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<ul> |
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<li>Install and configure ClamAV</li> |
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<li>Install and configure Samba</li> |
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<li>Install and configure CUPS</li> |
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<li>Adding the printer to CUPS</li> |
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<li>Adding the PS drivers for the Windows clients</li> |
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</ul> |
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</li> |
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<li>On the Unix clients: |
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<ul> |
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<li>Install and configure CUPS</li> |
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<li>Configuring a default printer</li> |
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<li>Mounting a Windows or Samba share</li> |
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</ul> |
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</li> |
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<li>On the Windows Clients: |
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<ul> |
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<li>Configuring the printer</li> |
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<li>Accessing Samba shares</li> |
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</ul> |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<title>Requirements</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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We will need the following: |
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</p> |
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|
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<ul> |
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<li>net-fs/samba</li> |
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<li>app-antivirus/clamav</li> |
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<li>net-print/cups</li> |
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<li>net-print/foomatic</li> |
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<li>net-print/hpijs (if you have an HP printer)</li> |
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<li>A kernel of sorts (preferably 2.4.24+ or 2.6.x)</li> |
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<li>A printer (PS or non-PS, maybe not TOO new or fancy)</li> |
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<li> |
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A working network (home/office/etc) consisting of more than one machine) |
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</li> |
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</ul> |
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|
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<p> |
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The main package we use here is net-fs/samba, however, you will need |
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a kernel with smbfs support enabled in order to mount a samba or windows |
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share from another computer. CUPS will be emerged if it is not already. |
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app-antivirus/clamav will be used also, but others should be easily adapted |
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to work with Samba. Gentoo's samba ebuild supports all kinds of virus scanning |
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technologies, such as Sophos, FProt, Fsav, Trend, Icap, Nai, ... |
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</p> |
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|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
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|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Getting acquainted with Samba</title> |
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<section> |
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<title>The USE Flags</title> |
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<body> |
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|
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<p> |
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Before emerging anything, take a look at the various USE flags |
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available to Samba. |
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</p> |
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|
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<pre caption="Samba uses the following USE Variables:"> |
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kerberos mysql xml acl cups ldap pam readline python oav libclamav |
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</pre> |
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|
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<p> |
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Depending on the network topology and the specific requirements of |
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the server, the USE flags outlined below will define what to include or |
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exclude from the emerging of Samba. |
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</p> |
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|
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<table> |
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<tr> |
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<th><b>USE flag</b></th> |
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<th>Description</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><b>kerberos</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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Include support for Kerberos. The server will need this if it is |
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intended to join an existing domain or Active Directory. See the note |
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below for more information. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><b>mysql</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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This will allow Samba to use MySQL in order to do password authentication. |
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It will store ACLs, usernames, passwords, etc in a database versus a |
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flat file. If Samba is needed to do password authentication, such as |
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acting as a password validation server or a Primary Domain Controller |
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(PDC). |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><b>xml</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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The xml USE option for Samba provides a password database backend allowing |
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Samba to store account details in XML files, for the same reasons listed in |
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the mysql USE flag description. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><b>acl</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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Enables Access Control Lists. The ACL support in Samba uses a patched |
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ext2/ext3, or SGI's XFS in order to function properly as it extends more |
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detailed access to files or directories; much more so than typical *nix |
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GID/UID schemas. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><b>cups</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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This enables support for the Common Unix Printing System. This |
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provides an interface allowing local CUPS printers to be shared to |
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other systems in the network. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><b>ldap</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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Enables the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). If Samba is |
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expected to use Active Directory, this option must be used. This would |
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be used in the event Samba needs to login to or provide login to |
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a Domain/Active Directory Server. The kerberos USE flag is needed for |
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proper functioning of this option. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
249 |
<tr> |
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<th><b>pam</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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Include support for pluggable authentication modules (PAM). This |
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provides the ability to authenticate users on the Samba Server, which is |
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required if users have to login to your server. The kerberos USE flag |
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is recommended along with this option. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
258 |
<tr> |
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<th><b>readline</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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Link Samba against libreadline. This is highly recommended and should |
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probably not be disabled |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
265 |
<tr> |
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<th><b>python</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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Python bindings API. Provides an API that will allow Python to |
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interface with Samba. |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<th><b>oav</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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Provides on-access scanning of Samba shares with FRISK F-Prot |
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Daemon, Kaspersky AntiVirus, OpenAntiVirus.org ScannerDaemon, Sophos Sweep |
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(SAVI), Symantec CarrierScan, and Trend Micro (VSAPI). |
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</ti> |
279 |
</tr> |
280 |
<tr> |
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<th><b>libclamav</b></th> |
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<ti> |
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Use the ClamAV library instead of the clamd daemon |
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</ti> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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|
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<p> |
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A couple of things worth mentioning about the USE flags and different |
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Samba functions include: |
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</p> |
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|
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<ul> |
294 |
<li> |
295 |
ACLs on ext2/3 are implemented through extended attributes (EAs). EA and |
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ACL kernel options for ext2 and/or ext3 will need to be enabled |
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(depending on which file system is being used - both can be enabled). |
298 |
</li> |
299 |
<li> |
300 |
While Active Directory, ACL, and PDC functions are out of the intended |
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scope of this HOWTO, you may find these links as helpful to your cause: |
302 |
<ul> |
303 |
<li><uri>http://www.bluelightning.org/linux/samba_acl_howto/</uri></li> |
304 |
<li><uri>http://www.wlug.org.nz/HowtoSamba3AndActiveDirectory</uri></li> |
305 |
</ul> |
306 |
</li> |
307 |
</ul> |
308 |
|
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</body> |
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</section> |
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</chapter> |
312 |
|
313 |
<chapter> |
314 |
<title>Server Software Installation</title> |
315 |
<section> |
316 |
<title>Emerging Samba</title> |
317 |
<body> |
318 |
|
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<p> |
320 |
First of all: be sure that all your hostnames resolve correctly. |
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Either have a working domain name system running on your network |
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or appropriate entries in your <path>/etc/hosts</path> file. |
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<c>cupsaddsmb</c> often borks if hostnames don't point to the correct |
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machines. |
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</p> |
326 |
|
327 |
<p> |
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Hopefully now you can make an assessment of what you'll actually need in |
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order to use Samba with your particular setup. The setup used for this |
330 |
HOWTO is: |
331 |
</p> |
332 |
|
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<ul> |
334 |
<li>oav</li> |
335 |
<li>cups</li> |
336 |
<li>readline</li> |
337 |
<li>pam</li> |
338 |
</ul> |
339 |
|
340 |
<p> |
341 |
To optimize performance, size and the time of the build, the |
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USE flags are specifically included or excluded. |
343 |
</p> |
344 |
|
345 |
<pre caption="Emerge Samba"> |
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# <i>echo "net-fs/samba oav readline cups pam" >> /etc/portage/package.use</i> |
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# <i>emerge net-fs/samba</i> |
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</pre> |
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|
350 |
<note> |
351 |
The following archs will need to add <e>~</e> to their <e>KEYWORDS</e>: x86, |
352 |
ppc, sparc, hppa, ia64 and alpha |
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</note> |
354 |
|
355 |
<p> |
356 |
This will emerge Samba and CUPS (if CUPS is not already emerged). |
357 |
</p> |
358 |
|
359 |
</body> |
360 |
</section> |
361 |
<section> |
362 |
<title>Emerging ClamAV</title> |
363 |
<body> |
364 |
|
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<p> |
366 |
Because the <e>oav</e> USE flag only provides an interface to allow on access |
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virus scanning, the actual virus scanner must be emerged. The scanner |
368 |
used in this HOWTO is ClamAV. |
369 |
</p> |
370 |
|
371 |
<pre caption="Emerge Clamav"> |
372 |
# <i>emerge app-antivirus/clamav</i> |
373 |
</pre> |
374 |
|
375 |
</body> |
376 |
</section> |
377 |
<section> |
378 |
<title>Emerging foomatic</title> |
379 |
<body> |
380 |
|
381 |
<pre caption="Emerge foomatic"> |
382 |
# <i>emerge net-print/foomatic</i> |
383 |
</pre> |
384 |
|
385 |
</body> |
386 |
</section> |
387 |
<section> |
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<title>Emerging net-print/hpijs</title> |
389 |
<body> |
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|
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<p> |
392 |
You only need to emerge this if you use an HP printer. |
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</p> |
394 |
|
395 |
<pre caption="Emerge hpijs"> |
396 |
# <i>emerge net-print/hpijs</i> |
397 |
</pre> |
398 |
|
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</body> |
400 |
</section> |
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</chapter> |
402 |
|
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<chapter> |
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<title>Server Configuration</title> |
405 |
<section> |
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<title>Configuring Samba</title> |
407 |
<body> |
408 |
|
409 |
<p> |
410 |
The main Samba configuration file is <path>/etc/samba/smb.conf</path>. |
411 |
It is divided in sections indicated by [sectionname]. Comments are either |
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# or ;. A sample <path>smb.conf</path> is included below with comments and |
413 |
suggestions for modifications. If more details are required, see the |
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man page for <path>smb.conf</path>, the installed |
415 |
<path>smb.conf.example</path>, the Samba Web site or any of the |
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numerous Samba books available. |
417 |
</p> |
418 |
|
419 |
<pre caption="A Sample /etc/samba/smb.conf"> |
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[global] |
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<comment># Replace MYWORKGROUPNAME with your workgroup/domain</comment> |
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workgroup = <comment>MYWORKGROUPNAME</comment> |
423 |
<comment># Of course this has no REAL purpose other than letting |
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# everyone knows it's not Windows! |
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# %v prints the version of Samba we are using.</comment> |
426 |
server string = Samba Server %v |
427 |
<comment># We are going to use cups, so we are going to put it in here ;-)</comment> |
428 |
printcap name = cups |
429 |
printing = cups |
430 |
load printers = yes |
431 |
<comment># We want a log file and we do not want it to get bigger than 50kb.</comment> |
432 |
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m |
433 |
max log size = 50 |
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<comment># We are going to set some options for our interfaces...</comment> |
435 |
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 |
436 |
<comment># This is a good idea, what we are doing is binding the |
437 |
# samba server to our local network. |
438 |
# For example, if eth0 is our local network device</comment> |
439 |
interfaces = lo <i>eth0</i> |
440 |
bind interfaces only = yes |
441 |
<comment># Now we are going to specify who we allow, we are afterall |
442 |
# very security conscience, since this configuration does |
443 |
# not use passwords!</comment> |
444 |
hosts allow = 127.0.0.1 <i>192.168.1.0/24</i> |
445 |
hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/0 |
446 |
<comment># Other options for this are USER, DOMAIN, ADS, and SERVER |
447 |
# The default is user</comment> |
448 |
security = share |
449 |
<comment># No passwords, so we're going to use a guest account!</comment> |
450 |
guest account = samba |
451 |
guest ok = yes |
452 |
<comment># We now will implement the on access virus scanner. |
453 |
# NOTE: By putting this in our [Global] section, we enable |
454 |
# scanning of ALL shares, you could optionally move |
455 |
# these to a specific share and only scan it.</comment> |
456 |
|
457 |
<comment># For Samba 3.x. This enables ClamAV on access scanning.</comment> |
458 |
vfs object = vscan-clamav |
459 |
vscan-clamav: config-file = /etc/samba/vscan-clamav.conf |
460 |
|
461 |
<comment># Now we setup our print drivers information!</comment> |
462 |
[print$] |
463 |
comment = Printer Drivers |
464 |
path = /etc/samba/printer <comment># this path holds the driver structure</comment> |
465 |
guest ok = yes |
466 |
browseable = yes |
467 |
read only = yes |
468 |
<comment># Modify this to "username,root" if you don't want root to |
469 |
# be the only printer admin)</comment> |
470 |
write list = <i>root</i> |
471 |
|
472 |
<comment># Now we'll setup a printer to share, while the name is arbitrary |
473 |
# it should be consistent throughout Samba and CUPS!</comment> |
474 |
[HPDeskJet930C] |
475 |
comment = HP DeskJet 930C Network Printer |
476 |
printable = yes |
477 |
path = /var/spool/samba |
478 |
public = yes |
479 |
guest ok = yes |
480 |
<comment># Modify this to "username,root" if you don't want root to |
481 |
# be the only printer admin)</comment> |
482 |
printer admin = <i>root</i> |
483 |
|
484 |
<comment># Now we setup our printers share. This should be |
485 |
# browseable, printable, public.</comment> |
486 |
[printers] |
487 |
comment = All Printers |
488 |
browseable = no |
489 |
printable = yes |
490 |
writable = no |
491 |
public = yes |
492 |
guest ok = yes |
493 |
path = /var/spool/samba |
494 |
<comment># Modify this to "username,root" if you don't want root to |
495 |
# be the only printer admin)</comment> |
496 |
printer admin = <i>root</i> |
497 |
|
498 |
<comment># We create a new share that we can read/write to from anywhere |
499 |
# This is kind of like a public temp share, anyone can do what |
500 |
# they want here.</comment> |
501 |
[public] |
502 |
comment = Public Files |
503 |
browseable = yes |
504 |
public = yes |
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create mode = 0766 |
506 |
guest ok = yes |
507 |
path = /home/samba/public |
508 |
</pre> |
509 |
|
510 |
<warn> |
511 |
If you like to use Samba's guest account to do anything concerning |
512 |
printing from Windows clients: don't set <c>guest only = yes</c> in |
513 |
the <c>[global]</c> section. The guest account seems to cause |
514 |
problems when running <c>cupsaddsmb</c> sometimes when trying to |
515 |
connect from Windows machines. See below, too, when we talk about |
516 |
<c>cupsaddsmb</c> and the problems that can arise. Use a dedicated |
517 |
printer user, like <c>printeruser</c> or <c>printer</c> or |
518 |
<c>printme</c> or whatever. It doesn't hurt and it will certainly |
519 |
protect you from a lot of problems. |
520 |
</warn> |
521 |
|
522 |
<warn> |
523 |
Turning on ClamAV on access scanning in the <c>[global]</c> section will slow |
524 |
down the performance of your Samba server dramatically. |
525 |
</warn> |
526 |
|
527 |
<p> |
528 |
Now create the directories required for the minimum configuration of |
529 |
Samba to share the installed printer throughout the network. |
530 |
</p> |
531 |
|
532 |
<pre caption="Create the directories"> |
533 |
# <i>mkdir /etc/samba/printer</i> |
534 |
# <i>mkdir /var/spool/samba</i> |
535 |
# <i>mkdir /home/samba/public</i> |
536 |
</pre> |
537 |
|
538 |
<p> |
539 |
At least one Samba user is required in order to install the printer |
540 |
drivers and to allow users to connect to the printer. Users must |
541 |
exist in the system's <path>/etc/passwd</path> file. |
542 |
</p> |
543 |
|
544 |
<pre caption="Creating the users"> |
545 |
# <i>smbpasswd -a root</i> |
546 |
|
547 |
<comment>(If another user is to be a printer admin)</comment> |
548 |
# <i>smbpasswd -a username</i> |
549 |
</pre> |
550 |
|
551 |
<p> |
552 |
The Samba passwords need not be the same as the system passwords |
553 |
in <path>/etc/passwd</path>. |
554 |
</p> |
555 |
|
556 |
<p> |
557 |
You will also need to update <path>/etc/nsswitch.conf</path> so that Windows |
558 |
systems can be found easily using NetBIOS: |
559 |
</p> |
560 |
|
561 |
<pre caption="Editing /etc/nsswitch.conf"> |
562 |
# <i>nano -w /etc/nsswitch.conf</i> |
563 |
<comment>(Edit the hosts: line)</comment> |
564 |
hosts: files dns <i>wins</i> |
565 |
</pre> |
566 |
|
567 |
</body> |
568 |
</section> |
569 |
<section> |
570 |
<title>Configuring ClamAV</title> |
571 |
<body> |
572 |
|
573 |
<p> |
574 |
The configuration file specified to be used in <path>smb.conf</path> is |
575 |
<path>/etc/samba/vscan-clamav.conf</path>. While these options are set |
576 |
to the defaults, the infected file action may need to be changed. |
577 |
</p> |
578 |
|
579 |
<pre caption="/etc/samba/vscan-clamav.conf"> |
580 |
[samba-vscan] |
581 |
<comment>; run-time configuration for vscan-samba using |
582 |
; clamd |
583 |
; all options are set to default values</comment> |
584 |
|
585 |
<comment>; do not scan files larger than X bytes. If set to 0 (default), |
586 |
; this feature is disable (i.e. all files are scanned)</comment> |
587 |
max file size = 0 |
588 |
|
589 |
<comment>; log all file access (yes/no). If set to yes, every access will |
590 |
; be logged. If set to no (default), only access to infected files |
591 |
; will be logged</comment> |
592 |
verbose file logging = no |
593 |
|
594 |
<comment>; if set to yes (default), a file will be scanned while opening</comment> |
595 |
scan on open = yes |
596 |
<comment>; if set to yes, a file will be scanned while closing (default is yes)</comment> |
597 |
scan on close = yes |
598 |
|
599 |
<comment>; if communication to clamd fails, should access to file denied? |
600 |
; (default: yes)</comment> |
601 |
deny access on error = yes |
602 |
|
603 |
<comment>; if daemon fails with a minor error (corruption, etc.), |
604 |
; should access to file denied? |
605 |
; (default: yes)</comment> |
606 |
deny access on minor error = yes |
607 |
|
608 |
<comment>; send a warning message via Windows Messenger service |
609 |
; when virus is found? |
610 |
; (default: yes)</comment> |
611 |
send warning message = yes |
612 |
|
613 |
<comment>; what to do with an infected file |
614 |
; quarantine: try to move to quantine directory; delete it if moving fails |
615 |
; delete: delete infected file |
616 |
; nothing: do nothing</comment> |
617 |
infected file action = <comment>delete</comment> |
618 |
|
619 |
<comment>; where to put infected files - you really want to change this! |
620 |
; it has to be on the same physical device as the share!</comment> |
621 |
quarantine directory = /tmp |
622 |
<comment>; prefix for files in quarantine</comment> |
623 |
quarantine prefix = vir- |
624 |
|
625 |
<comment>; as Windows tries to open a file multiple time in a (very) short time |
626 |
; of period, samba-vscan use a last recently used file mechanism to avoid |
627 |
; multiple scans of a file. This setting specified the maximum number of |
628 |
; elements of the last recently used file list. (default: 100)</comment> |
629 |
max lru files entries = 100 |
630 |
|
631 |
<comment>; an entry is invalidated after lru file entry lifetime (in seconds). |
632 |
; (Default: 5)</comment> |
633 |
lru file entry lifetime = 5 |
634 |
|
635 |
<comment>; socket name of clamd (default: /var/run/clamd)</comment> |
636 |
clamd socket name = /tmp/clamd |
637 |
|
638 |
<comment>; port number the ScannerDaemon listens on</comment> |
639 |
oav port = 8127 |
640 |
</pre> |
641 |
|
642 |
<p> |
643 |
It is generally a good idea to start the virus scanner immediately. Add |
644 |
it to the <e>default</e> runlevel and then start the <c>clamd</c> service |
645 |
immediately. The service has two processes: freshclam keeps the virus definition |
646 |
database up to date while clamd is the actual anti-virus daemon. First you may |
647 |
want to set the paths of the logfiles so that it fits your needs. |
648 |
</p> |
649 |
|
650 |
<pre caption="Checking the location of the logfiles"> |
651 |
# <i>vim /etc/clamd.conf</i> |
652 |
<comment>(Check the line "LogFile /var/log/clamd.log")</comment> |
653 |
# <i>vim /etc/freshclam.conf</i> |
654 |
<comment>(Check the line "UpdateLogFile /var/log/freshclam.log")</comment> |
655 |
# <i>vim /etc/conf.d/clamd</i> |
656 |
<comment>(Set "START_CLAMD=yes" and "START_FRESHCLAM=yes")</comment> |
657 |
</pre> |
658 |
|
659 |
<p> |
660 |
Now fire up the virus scanner. |
661 |
</p> |
662 |
|
663 |
<pre caption="Add clamd to bootup and start it"> |
664 |
# <i>rc-update add clamd default</i> |
665 |
# <i>/etc/init.d/clamd start</i> |
666 |
</pre> |
667 |
|
668 |
</body> |
669 |
</section> |
670 |
<section> |
671 |
<title>Configuring CUPS</title> |
672 |
<body> |
673 |
|
674 |
<p> |
675 |
This is a little more complicated. CUPS' main config file is |
676 |
<path>/etc/cups/cupsd.conf</path>. It's structure is similar to Apache's |
677 |
<path>httpd.conf</path> file, so many you may find it familiar. Outlined |
678 |
in the example are the directives that need to be changed: |
679 |
</p> |
680 |
|
681 |
<pre caption="/etc/cups/cupsd.conf"> |
682 |
ServerName <i>PrintServer</i> <comment># your printserver name</comment> |
683 |
ServerAdmin <i>root@PrintServer</i> <comment># the person for printer-related hate-mail, eg you</comment> |
684 |
|
685 |
AccessLog /var/log/cups/access_log <comment># probably doesn't need changing</comment> |
686 |
ErrorLog /var/log/cups/error_log <comment># doesn't really need changing either</comment> |
687 |
|
688 |
LogLevel debug <comment># only while isntalling and testing, should later be |
689 |
# changed to 'info'</comment> |
690 |
|
691 |
MaxClients 100 <comment># I've had to set this to 1000000000 or so because some time back, |
692 |
# there seemed to be a bug in CUPS' controlling of the web interface, |
693 |
# making CUPS think a denial of service attack was in progress when |
694 |
# I tried to configure a printer with the web interface. weird.</comment> |
695 |
|
696 |
BrowseAddress @IF(<i>eth0</i>) <comment># Change this to your internal net interface</comment> |
697 |
|
698 |
<Location /> |
699 |
Order Deny,Allow |
700 |
Deny From All |
701 |
Allow From <i>192.168.1.*</i> <comment># the addresses of your internel network |
702 |
# eg 192.168.1.* will allow connections from any host on |
703 |
# the 192.168.1.0 network. change to whatever suits you</comment> |
704 |
</Location> |
705 |
|
706 |
<Location /admin> |
707 |
AuthType Basic |
708 |
AuthClass System |
709 |
Allow From <i>192.168.1.*</i> <comment># same as above, allow any host on the |
710 |
# 192.168.1.0 network to connect and do |
711 |
# administrative tasks after authenticating</comment> |
712 |
Order Deny,Allow |
713 |
Deny From All |
714 |
</Location> |
715 |
</pre> |
716 |
|
717 |
<p> |
718 |
Edit <path>/etc/cups/mime.convs</path> to uncomment some lines. |
719 |
The changes to <path>mime.convs</path> and <path>mime.types</path> are |
720 |
needed to make CUPS print Microsoft Office document files. |
721 |
</p> |
722 |
|
723 |
<pre caption="/etc/cups/mime.convs"> |
724 |
<comment>(The following line is found near the end of the file. Uncomment it)</comment> |
725 |
application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 |
726 |
</pre> |
727 |
|
728 |
<p> |
729 |
Edit <path>/etc/cups/mime.types</path> to uncomment some lines. |
730 |
</p> |
731 |
|
732 |
<pre caption="/etc/cups/mime.types"> |
733 |
<comment>(The following line is found near the end of the file. Uncomment it)</comment> |
734 |
application/octet-stream |
735 |
</pre> |
736 |
|
737 |
<p> |
738 |
CUPS needs to be started on boot, and started immediately. |
739 |
</p> |
740 |
|
741 |
<pre caption="Setting up the CUPS service" > |
742 |
<comment>(To start CUPS on boot)</comment> |
743 |
# <i>rc-update add cupsd default</i> |
744 |
<comment>(To start or restart CUPS now)</comment> |
745 |
# <i>/etc/init.d/cupsd restart</i> |
746 |
</pre> |
747 |
|
748 |
</body> |
749 |
</section> |
750 |
<section> |
751 |
<title>Installing a printer for and with CUPS</title> |
752 |
<body> |
753 |
|
754 |
<p> |
755 |
First, go to <uri link="http://linuxprinting.org">LinuxPrinting.Org</uri> to |
756 |
find and download the correct PPD file for your printer and CUPS. To do so, |
757 |
click the link Printer Listings to the left. Select your printers manufacturer |
758 |
and the model in the pulldown menu, eg HP and DeskJet 930C. Click "Show". On |
759 |
the page coming up click the "recommended driver" link after reading the |
760 |
various notes and information. Then fetch the PPD file from the next page, |
761 |
again after reading the notes and introductions there. You may have to select |
762 |
your printers manufacturer and model again. Reading the <uri |
763 |
link="http://www.linuxprinting.org/cups-doc.html">CUPS quickstart guide</uri> |
764 |
is also very helpful when working with CUPS. |
765 |
</p> |
766 |
|
767 |
<p> |
768 |
Now you have a PPD file for your printer to work with CUPS. Place it in |
769 |
<path>/usr/share/cups/model</path>. The PPD for the HP DeskJet 930C was |
770 |
named <path>HP-DeskJet_930C-hpijs.ppd</path>. You should now install the printer. |
771 |
This can be done via the CUPS web interface or via command line. The web |
772 |
interface is found at <path>http://PrintServer:631</path> once CUPS is running. |
773 |
</p> |
774 |
|
775 |
<pre caption="Install the printer via command line"> |
776 |
# <i>lpadmin -p HPDeskJet930C -E -v usb:/dev/ultp0 -m HP-DeskJet_930C-hpijs.ppd</i> |
777 |
# <i>/etc/init.d/cupsd restart</i> |
778 |
</pre> |
779 |
|
780 |
<p> |
781 |
Remember to adjust to what you have. Be sure to have the name |
782 |
(<c>-p</c> argument) right (the name you set above during the Samba |
783 |
configuration!) and to put in the correct <c>usb:/dev/usb/blah</c>, |
784 |
<c>parallel:/dev/blah</c> or whatever device you are using for your |
785 |
printer. |
786 |
</p> |
787 |
|
788 |
<p> |
789 |
You should now be able to access the printer from the web interface |
790 |
and be able to print a test page. |
791 |
</p> |
792 |
|
793 |
</body> |
794 |
</section> |
795 |
<section> |
796 |
<title>Installing the Windows printer drivers</title> |
797 |
<body> |
798 |
|
799 |
<p> |
800 |
Now that the printer should be working it is time to install the drivers |
801 |
for the Windows clients to work. Samba 2.2 introduced this functionality. |
802 |
Browsing to the print server in the Network Neighbourhood, right-clicking |
803 |
on the printershare and selecting "connect" downloads the appropriate |
804 |
drivers automagically to the connecting client, avoiding the hassle of |
805 |
manually installing printer drivers locally. |
806 |
</p> |
807 |
|
808 |
<p> |
809 |
There are two sets of printer drivers for this. First, the Adobe PS |
810 |
drivers which can be obtained from <uri |
811 |
link="http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/main.html">Adobe</uri> |
812 |
(PostScript printer drivers). Second, there are the CUPS PS drivers, |
813 |
to be obtained from <uri link="http://www.cups.org/software.php">the |
814 |
CUPS homepage</uri> and selecting "CUPS Driver for Windows" from the |
815 |
pull down menu. There doesn't seem to be a difference between the |
816 |
functionality of the two, but the Adobe PS drivers need to be extracted |
817 |
on a Windows System since it's a Windows binary. Also the whole procedure |
818 |
of finding and copying the correct files is a bit more hassle. The CUPS |
819 |
drivers seem to support some options the Adobe drivers don't. |
820 |
</p> |
821 |
|
822 |
<p> |
823 |
This HOWTO uses the CUPS drivers for Windows. The downloaded file is |
824 |
called <path>cups-samba-5.0rc2.tar.gz</path>. Extract the files |
825 |
contained into a directory. |
826 |
</p> |
827 |
|
828 |
<pre caption="Extract the drivers and run the install"> |
829 |
# <i>tar -xzf cups-samba-5.0rc2.tar.gz</i> |
830 |
# <i>cd cups-samba-5.0rc2</i> |
831 |
<comment>(Only use this script if CUPS resides in /usr/share/cups)</comment> |
832 |
# <i>./cups-samba.install</i> |
833 |
</pre> |
834 |
|
835 |
<p> |
836 |
<path>cups-samba.ss</path> is a TAR archive containing three files: |
837 |
<path>cups5.hlp</path>, <path>cupsdrvr5.dll</path> and |
838 |
<path>cupsui5.dll</path>. These are the actual driver files. |
839 |
</p> |
840 |
|
841 |
<warn> |
842 |
The script <c>cups-samba.install</c> may not work for all *nixes (ie FreeBSD) |
843 |
because almost everything which is not part of the base system is |
844 |
installed somewhere under the prefix <path>/usr/local/</path>. This |
845 |
seems not to be the case for most things you install under GNU/Linux. |
846 |
However, if your CUPS installation is somewhere other than |
847 |
<path>/usr/share/cups/</path> see the example below. |
848 |
</warn> |
849 |
|
850 |
<p> |
851 |
Suppose your CUPS installation resides under |
852 |
<path>/usr/local/share/cups/</path>, and you want to install the drivers there. |
853 |
Do the following: |
854 |
</p> |
855 |
|
856 |
<pre caption="Manually installing the drivers"> |
857 |
# <i>cd /path/you/extracted/the/CUPS-driver/tarball/into</i> |
858 |
# <i>tar -xf cups-samba.ss</i> |
859 |
<comment>(This extracts the files to usr/share/cups/drivers under the CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY)</comment> |
860 |
# <i>cd usr/share/cups/drivers</i> |
861 |
<comment>(no leading / !)</comment> |
862 |
# <i>cp cups* /usr/local/share/cups/drivers</i> |
863 |
# <i>/etc/init.d/cupsd restart</i> |
864 |
</pre> |
865 |
|
866 |
<p> |
867 |
Now we'll use the script <c>cupsaddsmb</c> provided by the CUPS distribution. |
868 |
Its man page is an interesting read. |
869 |
</p> |
870 |
|
871 |
<pre caption="Run cupsaddsmb"> |
872 |
# <i>cupsaddsmb -H PrintServer -U root -h PrintServer -v HPDeskJet930C</i> |
873 |
<comment>(Instead of HPDeskJet930C you could also specify "-a", which will |
874 |
"export all known printers".)</comment> |
875 |
# <i>cupsaddsmb -H PrintServer -U root -h PrintServer -a</i> |
876 |
</pre> |
877 |
|
878 |
<warn> |
879 |
The execution of this command often causes the most trouble. |
880 |
Reading through the <uri |
881 |
link="http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=110931">posts in this |
882 |
thread</uri>. |
883 |
</warn> |
884 |
|
885 |
<p> |
886 |
Here are common errors that may happen: |
887 |
</p> |
888 |
|
889 |
<ul> |
890 |
<li> |
891 |
The hostname given as a parameter for <c>-h</c> and <c>-H</c> |
892 |
(<c>PrintServer</c>) often does not resolve correctly and doesn't |
893 |
identify the print server for CUPS/Samba interaction. If an error |
894 |
like: <b>Warning: No PPD file for printer "CUPS_PRINTER_NAME" - |
895 |
skipping!</b> occurs, the first thing you should do is substitute |
896 |
<c>PrintServer</c> with <c>localhost</c> and try it again. |
897 |
</li> |
898 |
<li> |
899 |
The command fails with an <b>NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL</b>. This error message |
900 |
is quite common, but can be triggered by many problems. It's unfortunately |
901 |
not very helpful. One thing to try is to temporarily set <c>security = |
902 |
user</c> in your <path>smb.conf</path>. After/if the installation completes |
903 |
successfully, you should set it back to share, or whatever it was set to |
904 |
before. |
905 |
</li> |
906 |
</ul> |
907 |
|
908 |
<p> |
909 |
This should install the correct driver directory structure under |
910 |
<path>/etc/samba/printer</path>. That would be |
911 |
<path>/etc/samba/printer/W32X86/2/</path>. The files contained should |
912 |
be the 3 driver files and the PPD file, renamed to YourPrinterName.ppd |
913 |
(the name which you gave the printer when installing it (see above). |
914 |
</p> |
915 |
|
916 |
<p> |
917 |
Pending no errors or other complications, your drivers are now |
918 |
installed. |
919 |
</p> |
920 |
|
921 |
</body> |
922 |
</section> |
923 |
<section> |
924 |
<title>Finalizing our setup</title> |
925 |
<body> |
926 |
|
927 |
<p> |
928 |
Lastly, setup our directories. |
929 |
</p> |
930 |
|
931 |
<pre caption="Final changes needed"> |
932 |
# <i>mkdir /home/samba</i> |
933 |
# <i>mkdir /home/samba/public</i> |
934 |
# <i>chmod 755 /home/samba</i> |
935 |
# <i>chmod 755 /home/samba/public</i> |
936 |
</pre> |
937 |
|
938 |
</body> |
939 |
</section> |
940 |
<section> |
941 |
<title>Testing our Samba configuration</title> |
942 |
<body> |
943 |
|
944 |
<p> |
945 |
We will want to test our configuration file to ensure that it is formatted |
946 |
properly and all of our options have at least the correct syntax. To do |
947 |
this we run <c>testparm</c>. |
948 |
</p> |
949 |
|
950 |
<pre caption="Running the testparm"> |
951 |
<comment>(By default, testparm checks /etc/samba/smb.conf)</comment> |
952 |
# <i>/usr/bin/testparm</i> |
953 |
Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf |
954 |
Processing section "[printers]" |
955 |
Global parameter guest account found in service section! |
956 |
Processing section "[public]" |
957 |
Global parameter guest account found in service section! |
958 |
Loaded services file OK. |
959 |
Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE |
960 |
Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions |
961 |
... |
962 |
... |
963 |
</pre> |
964 |
|
965 |
</body> |
966 |
</section> |
967 |
<section> |
968 |
<title>Starting the Samba service</title> |
969 |
<body> |
970 |
|
971 |
<p> |
972 |
Now configure Samba to start at bootup; then go ahead and start it. |
973 |
</p> |
974 |
|
975 |
<pre caption="Setting up the Samba service"> |
976 |
# <i>rc-update add samba default</i> |
977 |
# <i>/etc/init.d/samba start</i> |
978 |
</pre> |
979 |
|
980 |
</body> |
981 |
</section> |
982 |
<section> |
983 |
<title>Checking our services</title> |
984 |
<body> |
985 |
|
986 |
<p> |
987 |
It would probably be prudent to check our logs at this time also. |
988 |
We will also want to take a peak at our Samba shares using |
989 |
<c>smbclient</c>. |
990 |
</p> |
991 |
|
992 |
<pre caption="Checking the shares with smbclient"> |
993 |
# <i>smbclient -L localhost</i> |
994 |
Password: |
995 |
<comment>(You should see a BIG list of services here.)</comment> |
996 |
</pre> |
997 |
|
998 |
</body> |
999 |
</section> |
1000 |
</chapter> |
1001 |
|
1002 |
<chapter> |
1003 |
<title>Configuration of the Clients</title> |
1004 |
<section> |
1005 |
<title>Printer configuration of *nix based clients</title> |
1006 |
<body> |
1007 |
|
1008 |
<p> |
1009 |
Despite the variation or distribution, the only thing needed is CUPS. Do the |
1010 |
equivalent on any other UNIX/Linux/BSD client. |
1011 |
</p> |
1012 |
|
1013 |
<pre caption="Configuring a Gentoo system"> |
1014 |
# <i>emerge cups</i> |
1015 |
# <i>nano -w /etc/cups/client.conf</i> |
1016 |
ServerName <i>PrintServer</i> <comment># your printserver name</comment> |
1017 |
</pre> |
1018 |
|
1019 |
<p> |
1020 |
That should be it. Nothing else will be needed. |
1021 |
</p> |
1022 |
|
1023 |
<p> |
1024 |
If you use only one printer, it will be your default printer. If your print |
1025 |
server manages several printers, your administrator will have defined a default |
1026 |
printer on the server. If you want to define a different default printer for |
1027 |
yourself, use the <c>lpoptions</c> command. |
1028 |
</p> |
1029 |
|
1030 |
<pre caption="Setting your default printer"> |
1031 |
<comment>(List available printers)</comment> |
1032 |
# <i>lpstat -a</i> |
1033 |
<comment>(Sample output, yours will differ)</comment> |
1034 |
HPDeskJet930C accepting requests since Jan 01 00:00 |
1035 |
laser accepting requests since Jan 01 00:00 |
1036 |
<comment>(Define HPDeskJet930C as your default printer)</comment> |
1037 |
# <i>lpoptions -d HPDeskJet930C</i> |
1038 |
</pre> |
1039 |
|
1040 |
<pre caption="Printing in *nix"> |
1041 |
<comment>(Specify the printer to be used)</comment> |
1042 |
# <i>lp -d HPDeskJet930C anything.txt</i> |
1043 |
<comment>(Use your default printer)</comment> |
1044 |
# <i>lp foobar.whatever.ps</i> |
1045 |
</pre> |
1046 |
|
1047 |
<p> |
1048 |
Just point your web browser to <c>http://printserver:631</c> on the client if |
1049 |
you want to manage your printers and their jobs with a nice web interface. |
1050 |
Replace <c>printserver</c> with the name of the <e>machine</e> that acts as |
1051 |
your print server, not the name you gave to the cups print server if you used |
1052 |
different names. |
1053 |
</p> |
1054 |
|
1055 |
</body> |
1056 |
</section> |
1057 |
<section> |
1058 |
<title>Mounting a Windows or Samba share in GNU/Linux</title> |
1059 |
<body> |
1060 |
|
1061 |
<p> |
1062 |
Now is time to configure our kernel to support smbfs. Since I'm assumming we've |
1063 |
all compiled at least one kernel, we'll need to make sure we have all the right |
1064 |
options selected in our kernel. For simplicity sake, make it a module for ease |
1065 |
of use. It is the author's opinion that kernel modules are a good thing and |
1066 |
should be used whenever possible. |
1067 |
</p> |
1068 |
|
1069 |
<pre caption="Relevant kernel options" > |
1070 |
CONFIG_SMB_FS=m |
1071 |
CONFIG_SMB_UNIX=y |
1072 |
</pre> |
1073 |
|
1074 |
<p> |
1075 |
Then make the module/install it; insert them with: |
1076 |
</p> |
1077 |
|
1078 |
<pre caption="Loading the kernel module"> |
1079 |
# <i>modprobe smbfs</i> |
1080 |
</pre> |
1081 |
|
1082 |
<p> |
1083 |
Once the modules is loaded, mounting a Windows or Samba share is |
1084 |
possible. Use <c>mount</c> to accomplish this, as detailed below: |
1085 |
</p> |
1086 |
|
1087 |
<pre caption="Mounting a Windows/Samba share"> |
1088 |
<comment>(The syntax for mounting a Windows/Samba share is: |
1089 |
mount -t smbfs [-o username=xxx,password=xxx] //server/share /mnt/point |
1090 |
If we are not using passwords or a password is not needed)</comment> |
1091 |
|
1092 |
# <i>mount -t smbfs //PrintServer/public /mnt/public</i> |
1093 |
|
1094 |
<comment>(If a password is needed)</comment> |
1095 |
# <i>mount -t smbfs -o username=USERNAME,password=PASSWORD //PrintServer/public /mnt/public</i> |
1096 |
</pre> |
1097 |
|
1098 |
<p> |
1099 |
After you mount the share, you would access it as if it were a local |
1100 |
drive. |
1101 |
</p> |
1102 |
|
1103 |
</body> |
1104 |
</section> |
1105 |
<section> |
1106 |
<title>Printer Configuration for Windows NT/2000/XP clients</title> |
1107 |
<body> |
1108 |
|
1109 |
<p> |
1110 |
That's just a bit of point-and-click. Browse to |
1111 |
<path>\\PrintServer</path> and right click on the printer |
1112 |
(HPDeskJet930C) and click connect. This will download the drivers to |
1113 |
the Windows client and now every application (such as Word or Acrobat) |
1114 |
will offer HPDeskJet930C as an available printer to print to. :-) |
1115 |
</p> |
1116 |
|
1117 |
</body> |
1118 |
</section> |
1119 |
</chapter> |
1120 |
|
1121 |
<chapter> |
1122 |
<title>Final Notes</title> |
1123 |
<section> |
1124 |
<title>A Fond Farewell</title> |
1125 |
<body> |
1126 |
|
1127 |
<p> |
1128 |
Well that should be it. You should now have a successful printing enviroment |
1129 |
that is friendly to both Windows and *nix as well as a fully virus-free working |
1130 |
share! |
1131 |
</p> |
1132 |
|
1133 |
</body> |
1134 |
</section> |
1135 |
</chapter> |
1136 |
|
1137 |
<chapter> |
1138 |
<title>Links and Resources</title> |
1139 |
<section> |
1140 |
<title>Links</title> |
1141 |
<body> |
1142 |
|
1143 |
<p> |
1144 |
These are some links that may help you in setting up, configuration and |
1145 |
troubleshooting your installation: |
1146 |
</p> |
1147 |
|
1148 |
<ul> |
1149 |
<li><uri link="http://www.cups.org/">CUPS Homepage</uri></li> |
1150 |
<li><uri link="http://www.samba.org/">Samba Homepage</uri></li> |
1151 |
<li><uri link="http://linuxprinting.org/">LinuxPrinting dot Org</uri></li> |
1152 |
<li> |
1153 |
<uri link="http://www.linuxprinting.org/kpfeifle/SambaPrintHOWTO/">Kurt |
1154 |
Pfeifle's Samba Print HOWTO</uri> ( |
1155 |
This HOWTO really covers <e>ANYTHING</e> and <e>EVERYTHING</e> |
1156 |
I've written here, plus a LOT more concerning CUPS and Samba, and |
1157 |
generally printing support on networks. A really interesting read, |
1158 |
with lots and lots of details) |
1159 |
</li> |
1160 |
<li><uri link="http://www.freebsddiary.org/cups.php">FreeBSD Diary's CUPS Topic</uri></li> |
1161 |
</ul> |
1162 |
|
1163 |
</body> |
1164 |
</section> |
1165 |
<section> |
1166 |
<title>Troubleshooting</title> |
1167 |
<body> |
1168 |
|
1169 |
<p> |
1170 |
See <uri link="http://www.linuxprinting.org/kpfeifle/SambaPrintHOWTO/Samba-HOWTO-Collection-3.0-PrintingChapter-11th-draft.html#37">this |
1171 |
page</uri> from Kurt Pfeifle's "Printing Support in Samba 3.0" |
1172 |
manual. Lots of useful tips there! Be sure to look this one up |
1173 |
first, before posting questions and problems! Maybe the solution |
1174 |
you're looking for is right there. |
1175 |
</p> |
1176 |
|
1177 |
</body> |
1178 |
</section> |
1179 |
</chapter> |
1180 |
</guide> |