| 1 |
<?xml version='1.0' encoding="UTF-8"?> |
| 2 |
<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/gentoo-x86-quickinstall.xml,v 1.49 2005/10/14 13:24:25 neysx Exp $ --> |
| 3 |
|
| 4 |
<!DOCTYPE guide SYSTEM "/dtd/guide.dtd"> |
| 5 |
|
| 6 |
<guide link="/doc/en/gentoo-x86-quickinstall.xml"> |
| 7 |
<title>Gentoo Linux x86 Quick Install Guide</title> |
| 8 |
|
| 9 |
<author title="Author"> |
| 10 |
<mail link="swift@gentoo.org">Sven Vermeulen</mail> |
| 11 |
</author> |
| 12 |
<author title="Author">Steven Wagner</author> |
| 13 |
|
| 14 |
<abstract> |
| 15 |
The Quick install guide covers the Gentoo install process in a |
| 16 |
non-verbose manner. Users should already have prior experience with |
| 17 |
installing Gentoo Linux if they want to follow this guide. |
| 18 |
</abstract> |
| 19 |
|
| 20 |
<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license --> |
| 21 |
<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 --> |
| 22 |
<license/> |
| 23 |
|
| 24 |
<version>2.9</version> |
| 25 |
<date>2005-12-21</date> |
| 26 |
|
| 27 |
<chapter> |
| 28 |
<title>Quick Install Guide</title> |
| 29 |
<section> |
| 30 |
<title>Installation Media</title> |
| 31 |
<body> |
| 32 |
|
| 33 |
<p> |
| 34 |
Download a CD from one of our <uri link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">mirrors</uri>. |
| 35 |
You can find the ISOs in |
| 36 |
<path>releases/<architecture>/<release>/installcd</path>. The |
| 37 |
<e>minimal</e> installation CD is only useful for Internet-based installations; |
| 38 |
with the <e>universal</e> installation CD you can perform a networkless |
| 39 |
installation as well. |
| 40 |
</p> |
| 41 |
|
| 42 |
<p> |
| 43 |
<uri link="/doc/en/faq.xml#isoburning">Burn</uri> the CD and boot it. Press |
| 44 |
<c>F2</c> at the boot screen to find out what boot options exist. Once booted, |
| 45 |
you need to start the <c>pcmcia</c> init script if you need PCMCIA support. |
| 46 |
</p> |
| 47 |
|
| 48 |
<p> |
| 49 |
The installation CDs allow you to start an <c>sshd</c> server, add additional |
| 50 |
users, run <c>irssi</c> (a command-line chat client) and surf the web using |
| 51 |
<c>lynx</c> or <c>links2</c>. |
| 52 |
</p> |
| 53 |
|
| 54 |
</body> |
| 55 |
</section> |
| 56 |
<section> |
| 57 |
<title>Network Configuration</title> |
| 58 |
<body> |
| 59 |
|
| 60 |
<p> |
| 61 |
If your network does not work already, you can use <c>net-setup</c> to configure |
| 62 |
your network. You might need to load support for your network card using |
| 63 |
<c>modprobe</c> prior to the configuration. If you have ADSL, use |
| 64 |
<c>adsl-setup</c> and <c>adsl-start</c>. For PPTP support, first edit |
| 65 |
<path>/etc/ppp/chap-secrets</path> and <path>/etc/ppp/options.pptp</path> and |
| 66 |
then use <c>pptp <server ip></c>. |
| 67 |
</p> |
| 68 |
|
| 69 |
<p> |
| 70 |
For wireless access, use <c>iwconfig</c> to set the wireless parameters and then |
| 71 |
use either <c>net-setup</c> again or run <c>ifconfig</c>, <c>dhcpcd</c> and/or |
| 72 |
<c>route</c> manually. |
| 73 |
</p> |
| 74 |
|
| 75 |
<p> |
| 76 |
If you are behind a proxy, do not forget to initialize your system using |
| 77 |
<c>export http_proxy</c>, <c>ftp_proxy</c> and <c>RSYNC_PROXY</c>. |
| 78 |
</p> |
| 79 |
|
| 80 |
</body> |
| 81 |
</section> |
| 82 |
<section> |
| 83 |
<title>Preparing the Disks</title> |
| 84 |
<body> |
| 85 |
|
| 86 |
<p> |
| 87 |
Use <c>fdisk</c> or <c>cfdisk</c> to create your partition layout. You need at |
| 88 |
least a swap partition (type 82) and one Linux partition (type 83). |
| 89 |
</p> |
| 90 |
|
| 91 |
<p> |
| 92 |
Use <c>mke2fs</c>, <c>mke2fs -j</c>, <c>mkreiserfs</c>, <c>mkfs.xfs</c> and |
| 93 |
<c>mkfs.jfs</c> to create file systems on your Linux partitions. Initialize your |
| 94 |
swap partition using <c>mkswap</c> and <c>swapon</c>. |
| 95 |
</p> |
| 96 |
|
| 97 |
<p> |
| 98 |
Mount the freshly created file systems on <path>/mnt/gentoo</path>. Create |
| 99 |
directories for the other mount points (like <path>/mnt/gentoo/boot</path>) if |
| 100 |
you need them. |
| 101 |
</p> |
| 102 |
|
| 103 |
</body> |
| 104 |
</section> |
| 105 |
<section> |
| 106 |
<title>Setting Up The Stage</title> |
| 107 |
<body> |
| 108 |
|
| 109 |
<p> |
| 110 |
First make sure your date is set correctly using <c>date MMDDhhmmYYYY</c>. Next, |
| 111 |
download a stage from one of our <uri link="/main/en/mirrors.xml">mirrors</uri> |
| 112 |
or use the one available on the installation CD |
| 113 |
(<path>/mnt/cdrom/stages</path>). Go to <path>/mnt/gentoo</path> and unpack the |
| 114 |
stage using <c>tar -xvjpf <stage tarball></c>. |
| 115 |
</p> |
| 116 |
|
| 117 |
<p> |
| 118 |
Install a Portage snapshot if you are performing a networkless installation: go |
| 119 |
to <path>/mnt/gentoo/usr</path> and run |
| 120 |
<c>tar -xvjf /mnt/cdrom/snapshots/<snapshot></c>. Other users |
| 121 |
can download a portage snapshot and install it likewise. |
| 122 |
</p> |
| 123 |
|
| 124 |
<p> |
| 125 |
For a networkless installation, copy over the source code files from |
| 126 |
<path>/mnt/cdrom/distfiles/</path> to |
| 127 |
<path>/mnt/gentoo/usr/portage/distfiles/</path>. |
| 128 |
</p> |
| 129 |
|
| 130 |
<p> |
| 131 |
Edit <path>/mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf</path> to suit your needs (USE flags, |
| 132 |
CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS). You can use the <c>nano</c> editor for this. |
| 133 |
</p> |
| 134 |
|
| 135 |
</body> |
| 136 |
</section> |
| 137 |
<section> |
| 138 |
<title>Installing the Gentoo Base System</title> |
| 139 |
<body> |
| 140 |
|
| 141 |
<p> |
| 142 |
Mount the <path>/proc</path> file system first, copy over the |
| 143 |
<path>/etc/resolv.conf</path> file and then chroot into your Gentoo |
| 144 |
environment. |
| 145 |
</p> |
| 146 |
|
| 147 |
<pre caption="Preparing and chrooting"> |
| 148 |
# <i>mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc</i> |
| 149 |
# <i>cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/</i> |
| 150 |
# <i>chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash</i> |
| 151 |
# <i>env-update</i> && <i>source /etc/profile</i> |
| 152 |
</pre> |
| 153 |
|
| 154 |
<p> |
| 155 |
If you are not running a networkless installation, issue <c>emerge --sync</c> to |
| 156 |
update your Portage tree. |
| 157 |
</p> |
| 158 |
|
| 159 |
<p> |
| 160 |
Next, make sure <path>/etc/make.profile</path> points to the right profile. The |
| 161 |
default one should suffice for most users; sub profiles are available for |
| 162 |
different kernels (like <path>2.4/</path> for 2.4-kernel based profiles). Change |
| 163 |
the profile using <c>ln -sfn</c>. |
| 164 |
</p> |
| 165 |
|
| 166 |
<ul> |
| 167 |
<li> |
| 168 |
Bootstrapping (not available for networkless installations) happens using |
| 169 |
<c>scripts/bootstrap.sh</c> in the <path>/usr/portage</path> directory. |
| 170 |
</li> |
| 171 |
<li> |
| 172 |
System installation (not available for networkless installations) happens |
| 173 |
using <c>emerge -e system</c> (or <c>-N</c> if you haven't |
| 174 |
altered the default CFLAGS/CXXFLAGS). |
| 175 |
</li> |
| 176 |
</ul> |
| 177 |
|
| 178 |
</body> |
| 179 |
</section> |
| 180 |
<section> |
| 181 |
<title>Kernel Configuration</title> |
| 182 |
<body> |
| 183 |
|
| 184 |
<p> |
| 185 |
Set your time zone information by copying correct file from |
| 186 |
<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path> over the <path>/etc/localtime</path> file. |
| 187 |
</p> |
| 188 |
|
| 189 |
<p> |
| 190 |
Install a kernel source (<c>gentoo-sources</c> and <c>vanilla-sources</c> are |
| 191 |
available for networkless installations) and configure it using <c>make |
| 192 |
menuconfig</c> followed by |
| 193 |
<c>make && make modules_install</c> inside |
| 194 |
<path>/usr/src/linux</path>. Copy the <path>arch/i386/boot/bzImage</path> file |
| 195 |
over to <path>/boot</path>. You can also <c>emerge genkernel</c> and use |
| 196 |
<c>genkernel all</c>. |
| 197 |
</p> |
| 198 |
|
| 199 |
<p> |
| 200 |
Genkernel users will need to <c>emerge coldplug</c> and |
| 201 |
<c>rc-update add coldplug default</c>. |
| 202 |
</p> |
| 203 |
|
| 204 |
</body> |
| 205 |
</section> |
| 206 |
<section> |
| 207 |
<title>Configuring the System</title> |
| 208 |
<body> |
| 209 |
|
| 210 |
<p> |
| 211 |
Edit your <path>/etc/fstab</path>; an example follows: |
| 212 |
</p> |
| 213 |
|
| 214 |
<pre caption="Example fstab"> |
| 215 |
/dev/hda1 /boot ext2 defaults,noatime 1 2 |
| 216 |
/dev/hda2 none swap sw 0 0 |
| 217 |
/dev/hda3 / ext3 noatime 0 1 |
| 218 |
none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
| 219 |
none /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid,noexec 0 0 |
| 220 |
/dev/cdroms/cdrom0 /mnt/cdrom auto noauto,user 0 0 |
| 221 |
</pre> |
| 222 |
|
| 223 |
<p> |
| 224 |
Edit <path>/etc/conf.d/hostname</path> and <path>/etc/conf.d/domainname</path>, |
| 225 |
run <c>rc-update add domainname default</c> and edit |
| 226 |
<path>/etc/conf.d/net</path> to |
| 227 |
configure your network. Add the <c>net.eth0</c> init script to the default |
| 228 |
run level. If you have multiple NICs, symlink them to the <c>net.eth0</c> |
| 229 |
init script and add them to the default run level as well. |
| 230 |
</p> |
| 231 |
|
| 232 |
<p> |
| 233 |
Edit <path>/etc/hosts</path>; examples are given below: |
| 234 |
</p> |
| 235 |
|
| 236 |
<pre caption="Example /etc/hosts"> |
| 237 |
<comment>(For static IPs)</comment> |
| 238 |
127.0.0.1 localhost |
| 239 |
192.168.0.5 jenny.homenetwork jenny |
| 240 |
192.168.0.6 benny.homenetwork benny |
| 241 |
192.168.0.7 tux.homenetwork tux |
| 242 |
|
| 243 |
<comment>(For a dynamic IP)</comment> |
| 244 |
127.0.0.1 localhost.homenetwork tux localhost |
| 245 |
</pre> |
| 246 |
|
| 247 |
<p> |
| 248 |
Emerge <c>pcmcia-cs</c> and add it to the default run level if you need it. |
| 249 |
</p> |
| 250 |
|
| 251 |
<p> |
| 252 |
Set the root password using <c>passwd</c>. |
| 253 |
</p> |
| 254 |
|
| 255 |
<p> |
| 256 |
Set the necessary system configuration in <path>/etc/rc.conf</path>, |
| 257 |
<path>/etc/conf.d/rc</path>, <path>/etc/conf.d/keymaps</path>, |
| 258 |
<path>/etc/conf.d/clock</path>. |
| 259 |
</p> |
| 260 |
|
| 261 |
</body> |
| 262 |
</section> |
| 263 |
<section> |
| 264 |
<title>Installing System Tools</title> |
| 265 |
<body> |
| 266 |
|
| 267 |
<p> |
| 268 |
Users of a 2.4 kernel need to run <c>emerge --unmerge udev</c> and |
| 269 |
<c>emerge devfsd</c>. |
| 270 |
</p> |
| 271 |
|
| 272 |
<p> |
| 273 |
Install a system logger like <c>syslog-ng</c> and add it to the default |
| 274 |
run level. Do the same for a cron daemon like <c>vixie-cron</c> (optional). |
| 275 |
</p> |
| 276 |
|
| 277 |
<p> |
| 278 |
Install the necessary file system tools (<c>xfsprogs</c>, <c>reiserfsprogs</c> |
| 279 |
or <c>jfsutils</c>) and networking tools (<c>dhcpcd</c> or <c>rp-pppoe</c>). |
| 280 |
</p> |
| 281 |
|
| 282 |
</body> |
| 283 |
</section> |
| 284 |
<section> |
| 285 |
<title>Configuring the Bootloader</title> |
| 286 |
<body> |
| 287 |
|
| 288 |
<p> |
| 289 |
Emerge <c>grub</c> or <c>lilo</c>. Edit <path>/boot/grub/grub.conf</path> or |
| 290 |
<path>/etc/lilo.conf</path> to your likings. Below you will find an example for |
| 291 |
each. |
| 292 |
</p> |
| 293 |
|
| 294 |
<pre caption="Example grub.conf"> |
| 295 |
default 0 |
| 296 |
timeout 30 |
| 297 |
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz |
| 298 |
|
| 299 |
<comment># genkernel users</comment> |
| 300 |
title=Gentoo Linux 2.6.11-r3 |
| 301 |
root (hd0,0) |
| 302 |
kernel /kernel-genkernel-x86-2.6.11-gentoo-r3 root=/dev/ram0 init=/linuxrc ramdisk=8192 real_root=/dev/hda3 udev |
| 303 |
initrd /initramfs-genkernel-x86-2.6.11-gentoo-r3 |
| 304 |
|
| 305 |
<comment># non-genkernel users (no initrd)</comment> |
| 306 |
title=Gentoo Linux 2.6.11 r3 |
| 307 |
root (hd0,0) |
| 308 |
kernel /kernel-2.6.11-gentoo-r3 root=/dev/hda3 |
| 309 |
|
| 310 |
<comment># Only in case you want to dual-boot</comment> |
| 311 |
title=Windows XP |
| 312 |
root (hd0,5) |
| 313 |
makeactive |
| 314 |
chainloader +1 |
| 315 |
</pre> |
| 316 |
|
| 317 |
<pre caption="Example lilo.conf"> |
| 318 |
boot=/dev/hda |
| 319 |
prompt |
| 320 |
timeout=50 |
| 321 |
default=gentoo |
| 322 |
|
| 323 |
<comment># For non-genkernel users</comment> |
| 324 |
image=/boot/kernel-2.6.11-gentoo-r3 |
| 325 |
label=gentoo |
| 326 |
read-only |
| 327 |
root=/dev/hda3 |
| 328 |
|
| 329 |
<comment># For genkernel users</comment> |
| 330 |
image=/boot/kernel-genkernel-x86-2.6.11-gentoo-r3 |
| 331 |
label=gentoo |
| 332 |
read-only |
| 333 |
root=/dev/ram0 |
| 334 |
append="init=/linuxrc ramdisk=8192 real_root=/dev/hda3 udev" |
| 335 |
initrd=/boot/initramfs-genkernel-x86-2.6.11-gentoo-r3 |
| 336 |
|
| 337 |
<comment># For dual-booting</comment> |
| 338 |
other=/dev/hda6 |
| 339 |
label=windows |
| 340 |
</pre> |
| 341 |
|
| 342 |
<p> |
| 343 |
GRUB users need to install GRUB in the MBR using |
| 344 |
<c>grub-install /dev/hda</c> after copying <path>/proc/mounts</path> to |
| 345 |
<path>/etc/mtab</path>. LILO users need to run <c>/sbin/lilo</c>. |
| 346 |
</p> |
| 347 |
|
| 348 |
<p> |
| 349 |
Exit the chrooted environment, unmount all file systems and reboot. |
| 350 |
</p> |
| 351 |
|
| 352 |
</body> |
| 353 |
</section> |
| 354 |
<section> |
| 355 |
<title>Finalizing the Installation</title> |
| 356 |
<body> |
| 357 |
|
| 358 |
<p> |
| 359 |
Log in as <c>root</c>, then add one or more users for day-to-day use using |
| 360 |
<c>useradd -m -G <groups> <username></c>. |
| 361 |
</p> |
| 362 |
|
| 363 |
<p> |
| 364 |
If you performed a networkless installation, mount the packages CD at |
| 365 |
<path>/mnt/cdrom</path> and <c>export PKGDIR="/mnt/cdrom"</c> after which |
| 366 |
you can <c>emerge -k <package></c> to install additional |
| 367 |
software like <c>kde</c>. |
| 368 |
</p> |
| 369 |
|
| 370 |
<p> |
| 371 |
Thanks for installing Gentoo! |
| 372 |
</p> |
| 373 |
|
| 374 |
</body> |
| 375 |
</section> |
| 376 |
</chapter> |
| 377 |
</guide> |
Parent Directory
| 
Revision Log