en/handbook/hb-install-ppc64-kernel.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">

<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->

<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ppc64-kernel.xml,v 1.37 2010/07/21 01:55:53 nightmorph Exp $ -->

<sections>

<abstract>
The Linux kernel is the core of every distribution. This chapter
explains how to configure your kernel.
</abstract>

<version>11</version>
<date>2012-02-22</date>

<section>
<title>Timezone</title>
<body>

<p>
You first need to select your timezone so that your system knows where it is
located. Look for your timezone in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>, then copy
it to <path>/etc/localtime</path>. Please avoid the
<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT*</path> timezones as their names do not
indicate the expected zones. For instance, <path>GMT-8</path> is in fact
GMT+8.
</p>

<pre caption="Setting the timezone information">
# <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i>
<comment>(Suppose you want to use Europe/Brussels)</comment>
# <i>cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Brussels /etc/localtime</i>
<comment>(Next set the timezone)</comment>
# <i>echo "Europe/Brussels" &gt; /etc/timezone</i>
</pre>

</body>
</section>
<section>
<title>Installing the Sources</title>
<subsection>
<title>Choosing a Kernel</title>
<body>

<p>
The core around which all distributions are built is the Linux kernel. It is the
layer between the user programs and your system hardware. Gentoo provides its
users several possible kernel sources. A full listing with description is
available at the <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-kernel.xml">Gentoo Kernel
Guide</uri>.
</p>

<p>
For <keyval id="arch"/>-based systems we have <c>gentoo-sources</c>
(kernel source patched for extra features).
</p>

<p>
Choose your kernel source and install it using <c>emerge</c>.
</p>

<pre caption="Installing a kernel source">
# <i>emerge gentoo-sources</i>
</pre>

<p>
When you take a look in <path>/usr/src</path> you should see a symlink called
<path>linux</path> pointing to your kernel source. In this case, the installed
kernel source points to <c>gentoo-sources-<keyval id="kernel-version"/></c>.
Your version may be different, so keep this in mind.
</p>

<pre caption="Viewing the kernel source symlink">
# <i>ls -l /usr/src/linux</i>
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root   root      12 Oct 13 11:04 /usr/src/linux -&gt; linux-<keyval id="kernel-version"/>
</pre>

<p>
Now it is time to configure and compile your kernel source. There is the ability
to use <c>genkernel</c> which would create a generic kernel like the ones used
on the installation CDs, but it is not fully functional for PPC64 at the
moment.
</p>

<p>
Continue now with <uri link="#manual">Manual Configuration</uri>. 
</p>

</body>
</subsection>
</section>
<section id="manual">
<title>Manual Configuration</title>
<subsection>
<title>Introduction</title>
<body>

<p>
Manually configuring a kernel is often seen as the most difficult procedure a
Linux user ever has to perform. Nothing is less true -- after configuring a
couple of kernels you don't even remember that it was difficult ;)
</p>

<p>
However, one thing <e>is</e> true: you must know your system when you
configuring a kernel manually. Most information can be gathered by emerging 
pciutils (<c>emerge pciutils</c>) which contains <c>lspci</c>. You will now 
be able to  use <c>lspci</c> within the chrooted environment. You may safely 
ignore any <e>pcilib</e> warnings (like pcilib: cannot open 
/sys/bus/pci/devices) that <c>lspci</c> throws out. Alternatively, you can run 
<c>lspci</c> from a <e>non-chrooted</e> environment. The results are the same. 
You can also run <c>lsmod</c> to see what kernel modules the Installation CD 
uses (it might provide you with a nice hint on what to enable).
</p>

<pre caption="Invoking menuconfig">
# <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i>
<comment>Important: In case you are in 32-bit userland, you must edit the top
level Makefile in /usr/src/linux and change the CROSS_COMPILE option to
CROSS_COMPILE ?= powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu-. You must do this before you run
make menuconfig or it may result in kernel compilation problems.</comment>
# <i>make menuconfig</i>
</pre>

<p>
You will be greeted with several configuration sections. We'll first list some
options you must activate (otherwise Gentoo will not function, or not function
properly without additional tweaks).
</p>

</body>
</subsection>
<subsection>
<title>Activating Required Options</title>
<body>

<p>
First go to <c>File Systems</c> and select support for the filesystems you use.
<e>Don't</e> compile them as modules, otherwise your Gentoo system will not be
able to mount your partitions. Also select <c>Virtual memory</c>, <c>/proc file
system</c>, and <c>/dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs</c>:
</p>

<pre caption="Selecting necessary file systems">
File systems ---&gt;
  [*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
  [*] /proc file system support
  [*] /dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs

<comment>(Select one or more of the following options as needed by your system)</comment>
  &lt;*&gt; Reiserfs support
  &lt;*&gt; Ext3 journalling file system support
  &lt;*&gt; JFS filesystem support
  &lt;*&gt; Second extended fs support
  &lt;*&gt; XFS filesystem support
</pre>

<note>
You will find some of the mentioned options under <c>Pseudo
filesystems</c> which is a subpart of <c>File systems</c>.
</note>

<p>
If you are using PPPoE to connect to the Internet or you are using a
dial-up modem, you will need the following options in the kernel (you
will find the mentioned options under <c>Networking support</c> which is
a subpart of <c>Device Drivers</c>):
</p>

<pre caption="Selecting PPPoE necessary drivers">
Network device support ---&gt;
  &lt;*&gt; PPP (point-to-point protocol) support
  &lt;*&gt;   PPP support for async serial ports
  &lt;*&gt;   PPP support for sync tty ports
</pre>

<p>
The two compression options won't harm but are not definitely needed, neither
does the <c>PPP over Ethernet</c> option, that might only be used by <c>ppp</c>
when configured to do kernel mode PPPoE.
</p>

<p>
If you require it, don't forget to include support in the kernel for your
ethernet card.
</p>

<p>
When you're done configuring your kernel, continue with <uri
link="#compiling">Compiling and Installing</uri>.
</p>

</body>
</subsection>
<subsection id="compiling">
<title>Compiling and Installing</title>
<body>

<p>
Now that your kernel is configured, it is time to compile and install it. Exit 
the configuration and start the compilation process:
</p>

<pre caption="Compiling the kernel">
(Apple/IBM)  # <i>make &amp;&amp; make modules_install</i>
</pre>

<p>
When the kernel has finished compiling, copy the kernel image to
<path>/boot</path>.
</p>

<pre caption="Installing the kernel">
(Apple/IBM)  # <i>cp vmlinux /boot/<keyval id="kernel-name"/></i>
</pre>

<p>
Now continue with <uri link="#kernel_modules">Kernel Modules</uri>.
</p>

</body>
</subsection>
</section>
<section id="kernel_modules">
<title>Kernel Modules</title>

<subsection>
<include href="hb-install-kernelmodules.xml"/>
</subsection>

</section>
</sections>
1	<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
2	<!DOCTYPE sections SYSTEM "/dtd/book.dtd">
3
4	<!-- The content of this document is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license -->
5	<!-- See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5 -->
6
7	<!-- $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo/xml/htdocs/doc/en/handbook/hb-install-ppc64-kernel.xml,v 1.37 2010/07/21 01:55:53 nightmorph Exp $ -->
8
9	<sections>
10
11	<abstract>
12	The Linux kernel is the core of every distribution. This chapter
13	explains how to configure your kernel.
14	</abstract>
15
16	<version>11</version>
17	<date>2012-02-22</date>
18
19	<section>
20	<title>Timezone</title>
21	<body>
22
23	<p>
24	You first need to select your timezone so that your system knows where it is
25	located. Look for your timezone in <path>/usr/share/zoneinfo</path>, then copy
26	it to <path>/etc/localtime</path>. Please avoid the
27	<path>/usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT*</path> timezones as their names do not
28	indicate the expected zones. For instance, <path>GMT-8</path> is in fact
29	GMT+8.
30	</p>
31
32	<pre caption="Setting the timezone information">
33	# <i>ls /usr/share/zoneinfo</i>
34	<comment>(Suppose you want to use Europe/Brussels)</comment>
35	# <i>cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Brussels /etc/localtime</i>
36	<comment>(Next set the timezone)</comment>
37	# <i>echo "Europe/Brussels" > /etc/timezone</i>
38	</pre>
39
40	</body>
41	</section>
42	<section>
43	<title>Installing the Sources</title>
44	<subsection>
45	<title>Choosing a Kernel</title>
46	<body>
47
48	<p>
49	The core around which all distributions are built is the Linux kernel. It is the
50	layer between the user programs and your system hardware. Gentoo provides its
51	users several possible kernel sources. A full listing with description is
52	available at the <uri link="/doc/en/gentoo-kernel.xml">Gentoo Kernel
53	Guide</uri>.
54	</p>
55
56	<p>
57	For <keyval id="arch"/>-based systems we have <c>gentoo-sources</c>
58	(kernel source patched for extra features).
59	</p>
60
61	<p>
62	Choose your kernel source and install it using <c>emerge</c>.
63	</p>
64
65	<pre caption="Installing a kernel source">
66	# <i>emerge gentoo-sources</i>
67	</pre>
68
69	<p>
70	When you take a look in <path>/usr/src</path> you should see a symlink called
71	<path>linux</path> pointing to your kernel source. In this case, the installed
72	kernel source points to <c>gentoo-sources-<keyval id="kernel-version"/></c>.
73	Your version may be different, so keep this in mind.
74	</p>
75
76	<pre caption="Viewing the kernel source symlink">
77	# <i>ls -l /usr/src/linux</i>
78	lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Oct 13 11:04 /usr/src/linux -> linux-<keyval id="kernel-version"/>
79	</pre>
80
81	<p>
82	Now it is time to configure and compile your kernel source. There is the ability
83	to use <c>genkernel</c> which would create a generic kernel like the ones used
84	on the installation CDs, but it is not fully functional for PPC64 at the
85	moment.
86	</p>
87
88	<p>
89	Continue now with <uri link="#manual">Manual Configuration</uri>.
90	</p>
91
92	</body>
93	</subsection>
94	</section>
95	<section id="manual">
96	<title>Manual Configuration</title>
97	<subsection>
98	<title>Introduction</title>
99	<body>
100
101	<p>
102	Manually configuring a kernel is often seen as the most difficult procedure a
103	Linux user ever has to perform. Nothing is less true -- after configuring a
104	couple of kernels you don't even remember that it was difficult ;)
105	</p>
106
107	<p>
108	However, one thing <e>is</e> true: you must know your system when you
109	configuring a kernel manually. Most information can be gathered by emerging
110	pciutils (<c>emerge pciutils</c>) which contains <c>lspci</c>. You will now
111	be able to use <c>lspci</c> within the chrooted environment. You may safely
112	ignore any <e>pcilib</e> warnings (like pcilib: cannot open
113	/sys/bus/pci/devices) that <c>lspci</c> throws out. Alternatively, you can run
114	<c>lspci</c> from a <e>non-chrooted</e> environment. The results are the same.
115	You can also run <c>lsmod</c> to see what kernel modules the Installation CD
116	uses (it might provide you with a nice hint on what to enable).
117	</p>
118
119	<pre caption="Invoking menuconfig">
120	# <i>cd /usr/src/linux</i>
121	<comment>Important: In case you are in 32-bit userland, you must edit the top
122	level Makefile in /usr/src/linux and change the CROSS_COMPILE option to
123	CROSS_COMPILE ?= powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu-. You must do this before you run
124	make menuconfig or it may result in kernel compilation problems.</comment>
125	# <i>make menuconfig</i>
126	</pre>
127
128	<p>
129	You will be greeted with several configuration sections. We'll first list some
130	options you must activate (otherwise Gentoo will not function, or not function
131	properly without additional tweaks).
132	</p>
133
134	</body>
135	</subsection>
136	<subsection>
137	<title>Activating Required Options</title>
138	<body>
139
140	<p>
141	First go to <c>File Systems</c> and select support for the filesystems you use.
142	<e>Don't</e> compile them as modules, otherwise your Gentoo system will not be
143	able to mount your partitions. Also select <c>Virtual memory</c>, <c>/proc file
144	system</c>, and <c>/dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs</c>:
145	</p>
146
147	<pre caption="Selecting necessary file systems">
148	File systems --->
149	[*] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
150	[*] /proc file system support
151	[*] /dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs
152
153	<comment>(Select one or more of the following options as needed by your system)</comment>
154	<*> Reiserfs support
155	<*> Ext3 journalling file system support
156	<*> JFS filesystem support
157	<*> Second extended fs support
158	<*> XFS filesystem support
159	</pre>
160
161	<note>
162	You will find some of the mentioned options under <c>Pseudo
163	filesystems</c> which is a subpart of <c>File systems</c>.
164	</note>
165
166	<p>
167	If you are using PPPoE to connect to the Internet or you are using a
168	dial-up modem, you will need the following options in the kernel (you
169	will find the mentioned options under <c>Networking support</c> which is
170	a subpart of <c>Device Drivers</c>):
171	</p>
172
173	<pre caption="Selecting PPPoE necessary drivers">
174	Network device support --->
175	<*> PPP (point-to-point protocol) support
176	<*> PPP support for async serial ports
177	<*> PPP support for sync tty ports
178	</pre>
179
180	<p>
181	The two compression options won't harm but are not definitely needed, neither
182	does the <c>PPP over Ethernet</c> option, that might only be used by <c>ppp</c>
183	when configured to do kernel mode PPPoE.
184	</p>
185
186	<p>
187	If you require it, don't forget to include support in the kernel for your
188	ethernet card.
189	</p>
190
191	<p>
192	When you're done configuring your kernel, continue with <uri
193	link="#compiling">Compiling and Installing</uri>.
194	</p>
195
196	</body>
197	</subsection>
198	<subsection id="compiling">
199	<title>Compiling and Installing</title>
200	<body>
201
202	<p>
203	Now that your kernel is configured, it is time to compile and install it. Exit
204	the configuration and start the compilation process:
205	</p>
206
207	<pre caption="Compiling the kernel">
208	(Apple/IBM) # <i>make && make modules_install</i>
209	</pre>
210
211	<p>
212	When the kernel has finished compiling, copy the kernel image to
213	<path>/boot</path>.
214	</p>
215
216	<pre caption="Installing the kernel">
217	(Apple/IBM) # <i>cp vmlinux /boot/<keyval id="kernel-name"/></i>
218	</pre>
219
220	<p>
221	Now continue with <uri link="#kernel_modules">Kernel Modules</uri>.
222	</p>
223
224	</body>
225	</subsection>
226	</section>
227	<section id="kernel_modules">
228	<title>Kernel Modules</title>
229
230	<subsection>
231	<include href="hb-install-kernelmodules.xml"/>
232	</subsection>
233
234	</section>
235	</sections>